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07上外现代汉语真题

07上外现代汉语真题
07上外现代汉语真题

2007年上海外国语大学现代汉语考研真题(对外汉语方向)内容介绍>>

一、术语解释(20分)

1.句法扩展

2.替换分析

3.句法范畴

4.塞擦音

5.语义特征分析

二、判断(20分)

1.“深入”的语素之间构成附加式关系。

2.“他真是羡慕死我了”当中补语有两种指向。

3.开口呼的韵母都是i u v。

4.“筛选”属于主谓型合成词。

5.[t]是舌尖中不送气清塞擦音。

6.“马虎”和“马马虎虎”的句法功能不同。

7.“‘自由’说成了‘似由’”当中的宾语是受事宾语。

8.“认为”是谓宾动词。

9.“小丽跑得特别快”当中的补语属于程度补语。

10.“他唱歌唱得很好”当中的补语属于状态补语。

11.“小王本地人”和“小王是本地人”属于同一句型。

12.“客人住里屋”和“里屋住客人”当中“客人”的语用功能不同。

13.“婚姻大事我自己做主”是当事主语。

14.“大车”和“大的车”的语言单位不同,语法关系也有对立。

15.“一只蝴蝶”包含三个语素。

16.“他走回学校来”和“他拿回一本书来”之间的变换情况基本相同,属于同构模式。17.“桌子上摆着一本书”和“书摆在桌子上”是同一句型的不同语用变换形式。18.“男人就是男人”当中两个“男人”的义素存在不同之处。

19.“可控制”是一个词。

20.[ts]属于舌尖前不送气清擦音。

三、选择(20分)

1.“他简直笑死我了”这个语言片断有(

)。

A.一种句法结构、一种语义结构

B.两种句法结构、两种语义结构

C.一种句法结构、两种语义结构

D.一种句法结构、三种语义结构

2.“这栋房子显然买贵了”的补语是(

)。

A.状态补语

B.结果补语

C.程度补语

D.可能补语

3.以下词语当中的单纯词是(

)。

A.疙瘩

B.拖拉机

C.苦头

D.超声波

4.舌面音能跟(

)韵母拼合。

A.合口呼、开口呼 B.开口呼、撮口呼

C.撮口呼、齐齿呼 D.开口呼、合口呼

5.对“怎么样,你?”判断正确的是(

)。

A.有主语、无谓语 B.无主语、有谓语

C.有主语、有谓语 D.无主语、无谓语

6.“美国人看中国并非铁板一块”这个语言片断有

A.一种句法结构、一种语义结构 B.两种句法结构、两种语义结构C.一种句法结构、两种语义结构 D.两种句法结构、一种语义结构

7.“火车开走了”和“开走了一辆火车”当中“火车”的功能(

)。

A.相同

B.不同

C.有时候相同,有时候不同

D.以上都不对

8.普通话中一个音节当中的辅音最多(

)。

A.三个 B.一个

C.两个 D.四个

9.主语(

)。

A.有时候既是施事又是主题 B.不可能既是施事又是主题

C.有时候是主题但不可能是施事 D.以上都不对

10.“树上结着苹果”当中“苹果”是( )。

A.关系宾语 B.受事宾语 C.施事宾语 D.存现宾语

11.下列句子当中不属于主谓谓语句的是(

)。

A.选择专业我自己做主 B.小草叶子黄了

C.他对这件事缺乏经验 D.这个人,谁都喜欢他

12.“这件事情我一点也想不起来了”的补语属于(

)。

A.结果补语 B.状态补语 C.可能补语 D.程度补语

13.“车里坐着个人”合格,而“车里坐着个王海”不合格,但“王海坐在车里”合格,这说明()。

A.词语的性质对句法分布位置有某种条件要求,句法分布位置对词语的性质有某种条件限制

B.词语的性质对句法分布位置有某种条件要求,句法分布位置对词语的性质没有条件限制

C.词语的性质对句法分布位置不一定有条件要求,句法分布位置对词语的性质不一定有条件限制

D.以上都不对

14./x/的发音方法(

)。

A.舌面后送气清塞音 B.舌面前清擦音

C.舌面前不送气清塞擦音 D.舌尖后送气清塞擦音

15.“苹果我吃了”和“我吃了个苹果”当中(

)。

A.“苹果”的语用和词汇意义没有区别

B.“苹果”的语用意义有区别,词汇意义没有区别

C.“苹果”的词汇意义有区别,语用意义没有区别

D.以上都不对

16.下列词语中附加式合成词是(

)。

A.降低 B.船只 C.马匹 D.深入

17.能愿动词一般放在把字句的(

A.“把”字后 B.“把”字前 C.均可 D.视情况而定

18.“他扶老太太下车”和“他下车扶老太太”之间(

)。

A.语义关系相同、句法结构不同

B.语义关系不同、句法结构相同

C.都相同

D.都不同

19.“8号队员换了6号队员”(

A.一种句法结构、一种语义关系 B.多种句法结构、一种语义关系

C.一种句法结构、多种语义关系 D.多种句法结构、多种语义关系

20.“她急死我了”和“她恨死我了”之间(

)。

A.语义关系相同、句法结构不同

B.语义关系不同、句法结构相同

C.都相同

D.都不同

四、分析(50分)

1.比较“他在上海住了10年”和“他在上海住了10年了”的不同。

2.比较“他跳在地板上”和“他在地板上跳”有什么差异,并尝试得出结论。

3.比较“造成”、“引起”、“致使”的异同。

4.用层次分析法分析歧义结构

A喜欢安静的客人。

B送走了学生的朋友。

5.用替换分析法,结合语义指向,详细分析“小李答应他明天去一趟北京”歧义的成因。

五、论述(40分)

1.比较AB两组结构的差异,并尝试对其合格的条件作出结论。

A组(不合格) B组(合格)

他把椅子坐了

他把椅子坐破了

他把椅子坐了

他把椅子坐脏了

2.比较“他3年前结过婚”和“他3年前结了婚”的差异。

3.用合适的语言学方法分析“门口站着人”和“门口亮着灯”的差异,并设法解释其成因。4.简要概括汉语语法近20年来的理论和方法现状(不超过300字)。

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