翻译材料

英译汉原文

Amazing Caregiving Stories

Love doesn’t stop when a parent, spouse, or friend gets sick. Here, remarkable stories of stepping up, sticking around, and finding joy.

There are only four kinds of people in this world,” former first lady Rosalynn Carte r once wrote. “Those who have been caregivers, those who currently are caregivers, those who will be caregivers, those who will need caregivers.” Her comment is true now more than ever before. This is a nation of caregivers. You can see it in the numbers: Approximately 50 million Americans provide the majority of the help needed by relatives or friends who are elderly, ill, or disabled. And those figures are only going to grow—the number of people 65 and over is expected to double in the next 40 years, and the number of those over 85 will more than triple.

But the reality of caregiving is best understood not with statistics but through the stories of spouses, children, siblings, and friends who have stepped forward when a loved one needed them. Their experi ences illustrate what?s new about caregiving these days, and what never changes.

What?s new: an economic climate that makes the cost of caregiving harder than ever to bear; an increasingly mobile society in which families may be separated by a continent when a crisis unfolds; and the ripple effects of divorce and the increasing numbers of people who are choosing to stay single, which mean that many people are reaching their middle years and beyond without a spouse or child at hand. What never changes: the fact that neither fame nor fortune nor physical gifts protects against sickness and old age. And the fact that no difficulty will keep family and friends from doing what they can to help. Meet some of the caregivers who have risen to the challenge. For all of them, the experience has been stressful. But it has also brought their lives new meaning and stretched their capacity to love.

Hope that floats like a butterfly

Lonnie Ali was six years old and had just gotten home from school in Louisville, Kentucky, when she saw a crowd of boys gathered around a handsome young man in a white shirt, a bow tie, and black dress pants. “Look,” said her mother, standing in the doorway, “that?s Cassius Clay.”

Clay, who would soon claim the first of three heavyweight boxing titles and adopt the Muslim name Muhammad Ali, made a point of calling the shy little girl over. And from then on, she recalls, whenever he visited his mother across the street, he stopped by her house as

well. “He was like a big brother,” she says. “He?d sit and talk, and I?d believe what he said before I?d believe my father. I figured my father would tell me stuff just because he wanted to protect me, but Muhammad would tell it to me the way it was.”

They remained friends, even as he became a world champion and she went off to college, where she got a psychology degree and then an MBA. When she was 17, Lonnie says, she realized that she would marry him someday—“I knew it was fate,” she says. Twelve years later, she did, becoming the boxer?s fourth wife. Muhammad had recently been diagnosed with Parkinson?s disease, but the diagnosis didn?t faze Lonnie. “I knew the man, not the celebrity,” she says. “That?s who I loved. And he knew I would always be in his corner.”

For a long time, Muhammad?s disea se barely slowed him down. Lonnie was more of a care partner than caregiver, nudging her husband to take his medicine and accompanying him to doctors? appointments. But gradually, his symptoms became more intrusive. One turning point occurred about 15 years ago, when the couple were out to dinner in Boston. “Muhammad went to put food in his mouth and he froze,” she recalls—temporary immobility is characteristic of the disease. Another was when the famously animated boxer became stone-faced, also a classic s ign of the disease. “Then I knew I had some challenges that I really needed to deal with and learn about,” Lonnie says.

The challenges have been practical, emotional, and psychological as much as medical. Lonnie has had to recognize her own limitations: At one point five years ago, as she cared for her husband, mothered their teenage son, Asaad, and ran a business, among other things, she felt so unfocused, she thought she had attention deficit disorder. “I went to the doctor and fell asleep in the waitin g room,” she says. “The doctor said, …You don?t have ADD. You?re sleep-deprived.?”

She?s also had to learn to accept what she can?t control. Muhammad is still a big man, with piercing eyes and muscular arms, the result of working out every day. But his disease means that this man of unparalleled physical gifts now walks haltingly; once famous for his banter, he often sits in silence. “I?ve been with him for so long, I can basically look at him and tell what he wants and needs,” Lonnie says.

Yet the illness can steal only so much, and Muhammad still has plenty he wants to do. A quarter of a century into his struggle with Parkinson?s disease, he?s taking piano lessons. Most important, this lifelong supporter of humanitarian causes still feels he has a mission to help other people. Early in his disease, Muhammad shied away from the spotlight. “He used to play to the camera, but the camera was no longer his friend,” Lonnie says. But then he made an appearance with Michael J. Fox, also a Parkinson?s sufferer, who has been open about his own movement problems. “I think he thought, If Michael can do it, I can do it.” Now Muhammad Ali doesn?t care what people think when they see him. Early this year, in an essay for National Public Radio?s “This I Believe,” the boxing legend wrote about carrying the Olympic torch to light the cauldron at the 1996 Summer Games in Atlanta and realizing that his tremors had taken over. “I heard a rumble in the stadium that became a pounding roar and then turned into a deafening appl ause,” he wrote. He understood then that

Parkinson?s had not defeated him.

“There?s still a lot for me to learn from him, and I never forget that,” Lonnie Ali says. “Muhammad was the epitome of strength and beauty, but could someone with physical challenges really relate to him? Probably not. But now they can identify with him. We used to get letters all the time about people with Parkinson?s who wouldn?t go out of the house, but because they saw Muhammad out, now they go out.

“He still has that power t o inspire people—without even opening his mouth.”

英译汉译文

感人的护理故事

当亲人，配偶或朋友生病时，爱不会消失。下面是关于停留，寻找幸福的非凡故事。

在这个世界上，只有四种人，前第一夫人罗莎琳·卡特曾这样写道，”已经做了护理者的人，正在做护理者的人，将要做护理者的人，需要被护理的人。“她的这番话如今看来比任何时候都要准确。这是个护理者的国度。从数字可以看出：有大约五千万美国人为他们年老的、生病的、残疾的亲戚或朋友提供了大部分他们所需要的帮助。并且这些数字仍在增长，在未来的40年中，65岁和65岁以上的老人数量或呈双倍增长，85岁以上的人数将会翻三倍。

但最能理解护理现状的方式不是看统计数字，而是通过那些伴侣、孩子、兄弟姐妹、朋友的故事来理解，当你需要他们时，他们就会挺身而出。他们的经历说明目前的护理有什么新的改变，又有什么是从未改变的。

新的变化是：经济形势使护理成本比过去都高，高的难以承受；一个流动性越来越强的社会出现危机时，家庭成员可能被分散在各个大陆；出现了离婚的连锁反应，选择保持单身的人越来越多，这意味着有许多人到中年时，他们身边没有伴侣和孩子。从未改变的是：名誉、财富和强壮的体格都不能抵抗疾病和衰老。事实上没有什么困难会阻止家人和朋友给予你帮助。一些护理者正在面临更多的挑战。对他们来说，这段经历有许多压力。但它给生活带来了新的意义，让他们的爱延伸的更远、更广。

希望像蝴蝶一样飞舞

六岁的朗尼阿里刚从肯塔基州路易斯维尔的学校回家就看到一群男孩围着一位英俊的年轻人。年轻人上身穿着白色衬衫，下身穿着黑色裤子，打着黑色领结。她妈妈站在门口说："看，那就是卡修斯克莱。"

克莱不久后成了首个夺得三次重量级拳击冠军头衔的拳击手，他还起了穆斯林的名字，穆罕穆德·阿里。他注意到了这个害羞的小女孩.她回忆说，从那时起，每当他去街对面探望他的母亲时，他也会去她家拜访。“他就像个大哥哥”，她说。他坐下和我聊天，他的话比我爸爸的话还让我信服。我认为，我父亲告诉我这些话，只是因为他想保护我，但穆罕穆德跟我这样说是因为它就是这样。

即使他成为了世界冠军，她去读大学，获得了心理学学位和MBA学位，他们仍然是朋友。朗尼说，她17岁时就觉得她会在将来的某一天嫁给他。-----这就是命运。12年后，她做到了，她成为了拳王的第四任妻子。穆罕穆德不久前被确诊为帕金森症，但病症没有让朗尼烦恼。她说，我知道这个人不是什么名人，那是我爱的人。他知道我总是会在他身边。

在很长的一段时间里，穆罕默德的病几乎对他没有影响。与其说朗尼是护理者更不如说是一个细心的伙伴，小心提醒丈夫服药，陪着他看医生。但他的病情逐渐恶化。15年前当这对夫妻在波士顿外出就餐时，病情出现了变化。朗尼回忆说：“穆罕默德正在往嘴里送食物，动作突然停了。”暂时性停顿是这种疾病的特征，也是典型的发病信号。那时我知道挑战来了，这次我真的要去处理应对，要去了解了。

这些来自实践、情感和心理上的挑战和医学上的挑战一样多。朗尼不得不认识到她自己的能力有限：她照顾丈夫，养育十几岁的孩子，经营生意，处理其他的事情，她感到注意力无法集中，她认为自己得了注意力缺陷症。“我去看医生的时候在候诊室睡觉了，”她说。医生说，”你没有注意力缺失症“。”你是睡眠不足“。

她也不得不学会接受那些自己不能控制的东西。每天在外工作让穆罕穆德身材高大，眼神锐利，肌肉发达。但他的病意味着他强壮的体格现在走路非常蹒跚。曾经他因开玩笑而出名，现在他经常沉默地坐着。”我跟他在一起久了，基本上一看就知道他想什么，要什么。“朗尼说。

不过疾病只能让他失去这些而已，穆罕默德还有很多想做的事。他和帕金森症斗争了25年，他正在学习钢琴。更重要的是，这个人道主义事业的支持者仍然感到有帮助他人的使命。在患病初期，穆罕默德远离了媒体的聚光灯。朗尼说：”他过去喜欢摄影，但后来相机不再是他的朋友了。“不过后来他和迈克尔·杰·福克斯一起露面了，福克斯也是一个帕金森症患者，他从不避讳自己的行动问题。”我想他觉得如果迈克尔能做到，他也能做到。”

现在穆罕穆德·阿里并不在意人们怎么看自己。今年年初，他的文章“这是我所相信的”在全国公共广播电台播出。这位拳坛传奇写到：“我听到体育馆里的隆隆声变成了轰鸣的掌声，他明白了自己并没有被帕金森症打败。”

“从他身上仍然有许多要学习的，这点我从没忘记，”朗尼阿里说。“穆罕穆德以前是力与美的化身，

但有谁能把他和身体病痛战斗的人联系起来呢？不可能的。但现在人们可以认识他的另一面我们过去一直收到一些帕金森症患者的来信，他们本来不愿走出房子，但因为看到穆罕默德走出来了，现在他们也走向外面的世界。

他仍然有激励人们的力量-----即使不张开嘴。

汉译英原文

少年记者的作家梦

我有一个梦想，将来当一名像鲁迅先生一样的作家，用自己的笔来唤醒更多人对和平、对环保的热爱，让更多的人体会到幸福。”今年１５岁的刘恒宇说这话的时候表情凝重，一双不大的眼睛因兴奋而显得更加明亮。

作为吉林大学附属中学学生小记者团的一员，这个平时显得有些内向的少年，却因经常采访一些人和事而有机会与更多人交流，并对世界各地发生的事情有了更多的关注。

“我第一次的采访对象是家附近一个看车棚的老大爷。那时我读小学三年级，老师布置了题目，让我们采访一下身边的人或事。当时我住的小区老人较多，平时很热闹，那个看车棚的老大爷每天忙忙碌碌的，总是热心地帮助别人，义务为大家服务，经常把自己家的椅子、桌子、象棋、扑克等拿给大家用。他是个热心肠，谁家有个大小事情都愿意去找他，在我的心里，他的形象很高大，我一直很佩服他。因此，那天采访时，我问了他很多问题，我也从此对写作开始感兴趣了。”刘恒宇说。

今年读初三的刘恒宇父母都是邮政系统的普通职工。然而，对父母的工作，他却是在学校组织的一次采访活动中才有了深刻的体会。“那天，老师领我们去了邮局，我高兴坏了。我家是邮政世家，一开始，我理所当然地认为，关于邮政的事情我一定很熟悉。可是，随着采访的深入，我才发现自己对父母的工作其实一点都不了解。那次活动，我把邮局所有的工作程序都采访了一遍，包括取钱、寄信、邮包裹，还随机采访了很多市民。那是我第一次参与社会实践调查，从此我认识到，没有调查就没有发言权，我也因此开始对调查类的事情感兴趣，对问题有了自己更多的思考。”

随着年龄的增长，刘恒宇的视角越来越宽阔，思考的问题也越来越多。“一个记者应该具备什么样的素质？我的理解是首先要认真，还要胆大，应该敢说、敢问、敢想，要有闯劲儿。我非常关心社会，对世界上的焦点问题都感兴趣，对环保问题、经济与和平问题关注得更多。”

“我们这一代人的环保意识都很强，我看过很多关于环保的书籍，我们的政治、语文等课程的书本中也都有关于环境保护的内容。比方说，全球气温升高对我们生活有什么影响等。”

几年的学生记者生活，刘恒宇采访了很多与环保、经济有关的人物和事件，他也因此对这些问题有了自己更多的想法。“我印象最深的是采访学校请来给学生作报告的几位知名学者。有一次，我问一名学者：‘金融危机对我国有什么影响？’‘作为公民该如何为国家减轻负担？’她的回答简单明了，令人印象深刻，她说‘多买东西就是作贡献’。”

２００８年，刘恒宇从英语课本中知道了有个“世界自然基金会”这样一个关注环境保护问题

的国际组织，便到网上找到了该组织的地址，并注册成了它的志愿者。“会员都是些热爱地球、关注环境保护的人，愿意为保护我们的地球尽自己的一份力量。”

最近几天，刘恒宇正为一件与环保有关的事情做努力，“明年２月，在丹麦哥本哈根要举行世界各国领导人会议，届时要讨论全球气候变化问题，现在我们网站上对未成年人有个倡议，希望每人做一个灯笼，邮寄到哥本哈根，提请各国领导人关注环境保护问题，我与同学一起正积极参与这一活动。”

谈到自己的梦想，刘恒宇一点都不犹豫：“我想当一名作家，我想写东西，我想把自己的思想写出来，希望它们能打动别人，同时，写东西也能给自己以思考。”

刘恒宇说：“我很崇拜鲁迅。我认为，战争给人的震撼是肉体上的，而当作家给人的震撼是精神上的。从这个角度而言，我想给更多的人带去思考。我希望世界上每个人都幸福，希望人类永远和平、永无战争。对于和平，中国‘外儒内道’的传统思想对我影响很大。未来，世界将变成‘地球村’，在各个文明冲撞的时候，就必须有包容，就必须有开放的胸怀。”

汉译英译文

The Wr iter’s Dream of Young Reporter

I have a dream , I want to be a writer like Mr. Lu Xun in the future. I want to remind people's enthusiasm to peace and the love of environmental protection by using my pen, so that more people will be happy." The 15 year old Liu Hengyu said solemnly with a pair of small eyes brightened with his excitement.

As a member of students ' little reporter group of the middle school attached to Jilin University. The young who looks introverted pays more attention to what's happening around the world because of the chances to communicate with people while interviewing some people and things sometimes.

My first interview object is an old man near the shed. When I was in grade three, the teacher assigned a topic that let us interview people or things around us. At that time I lived in the community that had more old people and often so lively .The shed is very busy everyday and he always eager to help others, compulsory services for everyone。He often put chairs, tables, chess, poker for other to use。He is so warm- hearted that a lot of people are willing to look for him. In my mind, His image is very tall and I always admired him Therefore, I asked him a lot of questions that day and I've been interested in writing since then." Liu Hengyu said.

Liu Hengyu parents are the general staff of the postal system. However, he had a profound experience for his parents? work in an interview school organized. One day, the teacher took us to the post office, I was very happy. I lived in a post family, so at first, I took it for granted that I must be very familiar with the postal thing. However, with the depth of the interview, I just found out that I actually know nothing about my parents? work. I interviewed all the procedures, including draw money ,send letter , and randomly interviewed a lot of citizens. It was the first time to participate in social practice survey .And then I realized that no investigation, no right to speak. so I began to be interests in investigates and have my own thinking

With the growth of the age，Liu Hengyu has perspective more and more broad and think of more problems。A reporter should have what kind of quality? My first thought was serious and brave, should dare say, dare to ask, dare to think to be aggressive。. I am very concerned about the society, I am interested in the focus of the problem in the world and attention to environmental issues, economic and peace issues.

Our generation has a very strong awareness of environmental protection. I have read many books about environmental protection, our political, language courses about environmental protection to the contents of the books are. For example, such as global warming affect our lives. ”

A few years of student life as a reporter ，Liu HengYu interviewed many characters and events related to the environmental protection, economic, and he also has more his own thoughts about these issues.

what impressed me most was the interviews with a few famous scholars who were invited to make a report to the students in school . Once I asked a scholar: ' What is the impact of the county? as citizens ，how can we reduce burden for the country?" Her answer is simple clear and impressive 。she said' To buy more things is to make a contribution'

In 2008,Liu Hengyu LiuHengYu learned from English textbook know that there is a "wwf " that focuses on environmental protection problems and then the address of the organization and registered as its volunteers. "Members are people who love earth, concern ab out environmental protection and are willing to protect our earth do their part.”

In recent days, Liuhengyu is trying to do something about the environmental protection . The word leaders is going to hold the meeting in Copenhagen to disscuss the problem of global climate change on February the next year in Denmark. and Now, we have an proposal on website of the minors , and hope that everyone make a lantern, mailed to Copenhagen. To draw the leaders pay attention to the issue of environmental protection, I and students are actively involved in this activity."

When it comes to his own dreams, Liu Hengyu didn't hesitate: "I want to be a writer , I want to write something, I want to write my own thoughts, hoping they can impress others, at the same time, writing can also give yourself to think."

Liu Hengyu said, "I admire Lu Xun very much. In my view, the shock that war brings

to people is physical。And when the writer brings the shock is spiritual. From this point of view, I want to give more people to think. I hope everyone can enjoy his life, and hope that no wars in the world, our world forever pace .For peace, the traditional thought of Chinas? …outside Jeunet Tao? has a great influence on me . In the future, the world will become a "global village" Among various kinds of the civilization collision, there must be inclusive, there must be an open mind."

材料英语翻译

①化学这门科学在当今世界非常有用。 ②y对于x的依赖关系用y=f(x)来表示。 ③各种物质的导热能力差异很大③各种物质的导热能力差异很大。 ④这个参数可以准确地加以测量。 ⑤半导体的导电率随温度的变化而变化。 ⑥原子能的恰当名称是核能。 ⑦工程材料的性质依赖于（取决于）它们的成分、结构、合成、加工。 ⑧材料科学与工程这个术语将材料科学与材料工程结合在一起，材料科学在材料知识谱的基础知识端，材料工程在应用知识端，两者之间并没有分界线。 ⑨材料的许多性质强烈依赖于其结构，即使材料的成分保持不变。这就是为什么材料中结构-性质关系或者显微结构-性质关系至关重要。 ⑩上面的两个等式极为重要。 The two equations above are of great importance. 十一.金属棒热端的分子随着那里的温度的增加而振动得越来越快。 Molecules at the hot end of a metallic rod vibrate faster as the temperature there increases. 十二.通常这些参数中有一些是已知的。 Usually some of these parameters are known. 十三.当温度低于临界温度时，电子能自由地通过晶格运动。 As temperatures below the critical temperature, the electrons move freely throughout the lattice. 十四. A随温度的这种变化主要是由B的变化引起的。 This variation of A with temperature is due primarily to variations in B. 十五.这种复杂的关系必须用图解来表示。 This complicated relationship must be representedgraphically. 十六.原子间的键合作用部分取决于原子的价电子如何结合在一起。键的类型包括金属键、共价键、离子键、范德华键。 十七.键能与键的强度有关，特别是离子键和共价键结合的材料键能很高。高键能的材料常常具有高的熔点、高的弹性模量和低的热膨胀系数。 ③许多陶瓷材料中发现的离子键是当正电性的原子失去电子给负电性的原子，产生带正电的阳离子和带负电的阴离子而形成的。

翻译材料

摘要 施工图预算作为建筑工程造价的重要依据，是招标、投标、签订施工合同、工程施工管理和工程竣工决算的重要文件，根据具体工程采取科学合理的方法编制施工图预算，对确保工程造价的准确度具有十分重要的意义。本文旨在对施工图预算的内容和编制方法进行研究。研究过程中，通过熟悉图纸、图集、定额，了解工程的基本情况，根据工程量计算规则，按基础工程、士石方工程、混凝土工程、门窗工程、砌筑工程顺序计算建筑部分工程量，按先地面、天棚，后墙面顺序计算装饰部分工程量，套定额得出总造价并复核结果是否有误。施工图预算计算和编制时，服从道理，不固执己见，保证“量”与“价”的准确合理。通过研究施工图预算编制方法，能让我们更好的应对不同的工程造价预算，不断提高预算编制质量，综合方法的优缺点，在不同的工程条件下选择出最适宜的编制方法。一般土建工程施工图预算编制常用工料单价法，装饰工程施工图预算常用综合单价法。从施工图预算最基本的两种编制方法出发，分析两者的优缺点，综合最基本的理论知识、造价公式等，在面对不同工程时选择最优的预算编制方法。 本设计是依据一套装饰的施工图纸，按照施工图预算书编制的程序，遵工程量计算规则，以江苏2004定额说明为编制依据，而编制出来的一套工程预算书。在编制过程中，笔者详尽计算了各单位工程量，各分部分项工程都严格遵循定额中工程量计算规则，并查阅了大量相关书籍。最后对设计结果进行了汇总和分析，根据整个设计过程中的心得，形成了设计说明书工程预算书的编制是这次设计的重点，由于经验的不足，在工程量细节处理上，还存在着很多缺陷。 关键词：工程量；定额；规则

ABSTRACT Construction Budget as an important basis for construction cost is bidding and signing construction contracts, construction management and project completion accounts of important documents, depending on the project to take a scientific method for the preparation of construction plans and reasonable budget, to ensure the accuracy of the project cost degree has very important significance. This article is intended for construction drawing budget content and preparation method is used. Research process, through the familiar drawings, atlas, fixed, to understand the basic situation of the project, according to engineering calculation rules, according to foundation engineering, who stonework works, concrete works, doors and windows, masonry construction part of the project calculated the amount of the order, on the first floor, ceiling, rear wall decorative part of the project calculated the amount of the order, and sets a fixed total cost of reviewing the results obtained is wrong. Budget calculation and preparation of construction plans, the obedience truth, not opinionated, to ensure "quantity" and "price" accurate and reasonable. By studying the construction drawings budgeting, allowing us to better respond to different project cost budget, and continuously improve the quality of budgeting, advantages and disadvantages of an integrated approach in different engineering conditions to select the most appropriate methodology. General civil engineering construction drawings budgeting common quantity price method, commonly used in decorative construction drawing budget integrated unit method. From the two basic construction drawing budget preparation methods, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of both, integrated basic theoretical knowledge, cost formulas, etc., in the face of different projects to choose the best approach to budgeting.

翻译范文及原材料

翻译原材料 THE SCHOOL FACILITIES The suitability of the facilities available to a school in terms of scope and general condition has serious impact upon the ability of that school to fulfill its stated sense of purpose and mission. This section of the self-study asks the school, under the leadership of the Buildings and Ground Committee of the Parish Council, to examine the school facilities as to their impact upon the overall school operation. Concerns such as sanitation, safety, and environment meaningfully affect the teaching, learning, and formational activities that take place in the Catholic elementary school and warrant close and professional attention. Schools are encouraged to reach outside the immediate school staff, if necessary, to enlist the talents and experience of individuals who may be able to contribute to this report. Indicate to what extent you agree with the numbered statements. Circle SA for strongly agree, A for agree, D for disagree, SD for strongly di sagree, and U for don’t know. Then, answer any questions that follow the statements. SA A x D SD U 1. Maintenance of school facilities is done in an orderly, and routine manner with an appropriate degree of input from the principal. SA A x D SD U 2. The school building is maintained as a generally clean facility. SA A x D SD U 3. The facilities available are sufficient to permit the school to pursue i ts stated philosophy and purposes. SA A x D SD U 4. Learning spaces facilitate the effectiveness of the instructional program. SA A x D SD U 5. A healthy and comfortable temperature is maintained in the school building. SA A x D SD U 6. Light fixtures are adequate in number and in serviceable condition. SA A x D SD U 7. The building is arranged to facilitate the safe and orderly movement of staff and students. SA A x D SD U 8. There is an adequate degree of flexibility with reference to the use of space in the building. SA A x D SD U 9. Equipment is maintained to be useful and safe for students and

英文翻译支撑材料

Web服务发现基于行为的签名 沈中南 计算机科学部门 加州大学 圣芭芭拉,CA 93106 - 5110 szn@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc1899913.html, 苏建文? 计算机科学部门 加州大学 圣芭芭拉,CA 93106 - 5110 su@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc1899913.html, 摘要 服务发现是一个关键的问题是一些服务预计将大幅度增加。服务发现目前主要是基于关键词，或接口的网络服务通过使用本体论。我们认为，“行为签名”操作说明应发挥重要作用服务发现过程。在本文中，我们提出一个新的行为模式的服务利用自动机逻辑形式。大致上，联想信息模型活动和采用iopr OWL - S 模型描述活动。一个新的查询语言是表达时间和语义特征对服务行为。查询评估算法的开发；特别，一个优化的方法使用re-tree和启发式显示性能的改善。具体来说，实验结果表明，使用re-tree降低了查询评价时间的一个数量级，启发式它的性能提高了2个数量级。这显然是一个令人鼓舞的起点。 1、介绍 网络服务已经收到越来越多的利益从电子商务，科技，电信应用，和研究社区在不同的领域，很明显最近的研究（的社区活动，icws，鳞状细胞癌，等。）。一个根本问题的网站服务涉及服务发现。例如，服务组成可能开始寻找适当的存在可以使用的服务和集成在一起。要求用于选择服务可能侧重于不同方面网站服务，从不同的服务类别服务语义，从服务接口服务行为。目前的工作对服务发现的重点功能描述，我们认为，行为特征[ 11 ]随着业务水平的描述应该发挥重要作用的服务发现。

以激发讨论，我们考虑购买服务的例子在图1。复合服务的需求找到一个购买服务，满足以下要求。 R1: A service in the purchase service category and provided by some company A. R2: A service that provides aWSDL operation PlaceOrder with input message PurchaseRQ and output message AcceptRS. R3: A service whose behaviors satisfy all of the following properties: (P1) Charging activity is before Shipping activity. (P2) To purchase a product, the requester first needs to log into the system and finally log out of the system. (P3) The product can be out of stock, and the credit card is not charged in this case. (P4) The credit card is charged at most once. (P5) The service accepts American Express.

材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案

材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】

UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象，交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐（recreation）和食品生产，事实上（virtually），我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上，社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切（intimately）相关，事实上，早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的（石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代）。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用（access）了非常有限数量的材料，比如自然的石头、木头、粘土（clay）、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展，通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷（pottery）以及各种各样的金属，而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时，材料的应用（utilization）完全就是一个选择的过程，也就是说，在一系列有限的材料中，根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料，直到最近的时间内，科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得，使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此，为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会，成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来，包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展，使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆，例如：如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材，或者没有其他可以替代（substitute）的东西，汽车就不可能被生产，在现代、复杂的（sophisticated）电子设备依赖于半导体（semiconducting）材料四、有时，将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科（subdiscipline）是非常有用的，严格的来说，材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系，与此相反，材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系，来设计和生产具有预定性

中国文化汉英翻译材料(1)

Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今，作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠，京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见，而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同，演员角色分成四类：生（男角）、旦（女角）、净（花脸男角）、丑 （丑角）。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰：它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象，完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝，京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请，担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好，身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打（tumbles, tweists, and somersaults）来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力，是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段（floor skills and postures）大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功（acrobatic skills）。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次，但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气，活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术，它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差，无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.

英译汉翻译材料：爱尔兰

英译汉翻译材料：爱尔兰 为了帮助大家练习英语翻译小编整理了一份英语笔译练习材料后面附有参考翻译希望能帮到大家 IrelandisasovereignstateinwesternEurope,occupyingaboutfives ixthsoftheislandofIreland.ThecapitalandlargestcityisDublin, whosemetropolitanareaishometoaroundaquarterofthecountry’ s4.6millioninhabitants.ThestatesharesitsonlylandborderwithN orthernIreland.Itisaunitary,parliamentaryrepublicwithanelec tedpresidentservingasheadofstate.Theheadofgovernmentisnomin atedbythelowerhouseofparliament. 爱尔兰是西欧主权国家面积占爱尔兰岛的5/6仅与北爱尔兰接壤首都都柏林是最大的城市人口约为全国460万人口的1/4爱尔兰是单一制议会制共和国总统由选举产生并担任国家元首政府首脑则由众议院提名产生 【注释1】 Unitary:有参考译文翻译为“中央集权制”这里个人感觉“单一制”更贴切一些百度能搜到不少爱尔兰是中央集权的表述但可靠度有待考证 以维基百科对unitarystate的解释来看其相对词汇为federations而且unitarystate也包括意大利意大利则是非中央集权国家所以“中央集权”这个词义可能不太合适

英文翻译材料

债权人（商业银行）视角的企业经营业绩评价体系设计框架 ———基于工业工程理论 严化川 (东南大学,江苏南京210000，中信银行南京分行，江苏南京210000) 摘要：每个企业都是一个复杂的、有生命力和连续变化的“社会—技术”系统。系统本身与周围环境有着物质和能量的交换。在公司进行财务活动的过程当中，最为典型的“物质和能量”交换便是现金的交换。现金的流动带动了公司相关的供应链和价值链的正常运转。公司的筹资、投资和股利分配三大理财活动构成企业现金交换的完整过程。作为企业融资的主要提供者的商业银行，面对为数众多的数额巨大的资金需求者，深刻感到单纯以企业个体信誉或对企业状况的主观判断和经验估测作为贷款的依据，必然身陷泥潭，血本无归。因此债权人（商业银行）必须对企业经营业绩进行自主的评价。本文基于工业工程理论，对债权人（商业银行）视角的企业经营业绩评价体系设计框架进行浅析，以期基于此框架所设计的企业经营业绩评价体系能够帮助债权人实现维护自身利益的目标。 关键词： 中图分类号：F832 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008-4428（2009）08-71-03 企业业绩的测试、评价与改进，是组织系统管理的重要组成部分。作为企业融资的主要提供者的商业银行，面对为数众多的数额巨大的资金需求者，深刻感到单纯以企业个体信誉或对企业状况的主观判断和经验估测作为贷款的依据，必然身陷泥潭，血本无归。因此债权人（商业银行）必须对企业经营业绩进行自主的评价，并且作为企业业绩的评价主体，必须基于自己的视角构建企业经营业绩评价体系，以满足自身对企业经营业绩评价的需求。 基于债权人视角的企业经营业绩评价体系的框架结构应当由评价理念、评价程序、评价方法和评价指标共同构成，它是商业银行以防范信用风险和操作风险为目标的内控制度的重要环节。 一、确立正确的评价理念 管理首先是一种理念，管理的实践是一项系统工程，管理是在一定的理念指导下为了实现现实目标的系统工程。 评价理念是指导企业经营业绩评价的基本原则，是整个评价体系运行的前提。根据工业工程的基本原理，我们应当确立系统变异的观点，从全局\ 整体系统思考的观点，以及价值定向的观点。 （一）系统或过程/流程变异的观点 分析和掌握系统或过程/流程变异的观点是工业工程建立有效的测量系统的重要出发点。 设计企业经营业绩评价体系，需要考虑组织背景对企业经营业绩评价的影响。这里所说的组织背景是指企业的生产经营活动所面临的外部环境和内部环境，包括外部环境、技术、组织战略、组织结构、规模、文化等变量。 工业工程理论提出：企业是一个复杂的，有生命，连续变化，“今天和昨天不一样”的大系统，具有时变的动态特征。近些年来，经济全球化使企业变得更加复杂化和动态化，企业面对市场变化、竞争规则、经济、市场和资源条件都同已有的经验极不同，企业面临着日益增大的商务风险，并且这种风险还处在不断变化当中。 因而在设计企业业绩评价体系时，我们必须按照工业工程所指出的那样，利用数据统计方法和量化分析掌握系统或过程/流程的变异，了解变异的本质，并对之实施管理控制。鉴于了解工作性能/业绩方面统计思考起着更加关键的作用，我们应当按照以下要点进行统计思考： 1、所有的工作都是相互关联的过程或流程的一部分。 2、变化（变异或变差）总是存在于每个过程/流程中。 3、85%以上的问题是过程流程变化造成的。 4、过程决策必须建立在合适的过程数据基础上。 （二）从全局/整体进行系统思考的观点

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1 Synopsis The skopos theory is part of a theory of translational action (transiaumscbes Handeln - cf. Holz-M?ntt?ri 1984; Vermeer 1986: 269-304 and also 197-246; for the historical background see e.g. Wilss 1988: 28). Translation is seen as the particular variety of translational action which is based on a source text (cf. Holz-M?ntt?ri 1984, especially P: 42f; and Nord 1988: 31). (Other varieties would involve e.g. a consultant's information on a regional economic or political situation, etc.) Any form of translational action, including therefore translation itself, may be conceived as an action, as the name implies. Any action has an aim, a purpose. (This is part of the very definition of an action - see Vermeer 1986.) The word skopos, then, is a technical term for the aim or purpose of a translation (discussed in more detail below). Further: an action leads to a result, a new situation or event, and possibly to a "new" object. Translational action leads to a "target text" (not necessarily a verbal one); translation leads to a translatum (Le. the resulting translated text), as a particular variety of target text. The aim of any translational action, and the mode in which it is to be realized, are negotiated with the client who commissions the action. A precise specification of aim and mode is essential for the translator. - This is of course analogously true of translation proper: skopos and mode of realization must be adequately defined if the text-translator is to fulfil his task successfully. The translator is "the" expert in translational action. He is responsible for the performance of the commissioned task, for the final tratislatum, Insofar as the duly specified skopos is defined from the translator's point of view, the source text is a constituent of the commission, and as such the basis for all the hierarchically ordered relevant factors which ultimately determine the translatum, (For the text as part of a complex action-in-a-situation see Holz-M?ntt?ri 1984; Vermeer 1986.) One practical consequence of the skopos theory is a new concept of the status of the source text for a translation, and with it the necessity of working for an increasing awareness of this, both among translators and also the general public. As regards the translator himself: experts are called upon in a given situation because they are needed and because they are regarded as experts. It is usually assumed, reasonably enough, that such people "know what it's all about"; they are thus consulted and their views listened to. Being experts, they are trusted to know more about their particular field than outsiders. In some circumstances one may debate with them over the best way of proceeding, until a consensus is reached, or occasionally one may also consult other experts or consider further alternative ways of reaching a given goal. An expert must be able to say - and this implies both knowledge and a duty to use it - what is what. His voice must therefore be respected, he must be "given a say". The translator is such an expert. It is thus up to him to decide, for instance, what role a source text plays in his translational action. The decisive factor here is the purpose, the skopos, of the communication in a given situation. (Cf. Nord 1988: 9.) 2 Skopos and translation At this point it should be emphasized that the following considerations are not only

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翻译专业一些参考资料(转载1)_Live Lively_新浪博客2009-08-16 16:52 一、翻译理论与理论相干书纲 开天振主编. 《该代国外翻译理论导读》. 地津:南启大学出版社,2008. Jeremy Munday. 《翻译学导论——理论与实践》Introducing Translation Studies---Theories and Applications. 李德凤等译. 北京:商务印书馆,2007. 包惠南、包昂. 《中国文化与汉英翻译》. 北京:外文出版社, 2004. 包惠南. 《文化语境与语言翻译》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 2001. 毕继万. 《世界文化史新事大解——英国舒》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2003. 蔡基刚刚. 《英汉汉英段降翻译与理论》. 上海:复夕大学出版社, 2001. 蔡基刚刚. 《英汉写做比较研究》. 上海:单夕大学出版社, 2001. 蔡基刚刚. 《英语写做与笼统实词里达》. 上海:单夕大学出版社, 2003. 曹雪芹、下鄂. 《白楼梦》. 旧订危. 《英汉比拟取翻译》. 北京:外邦对于外翻译出版母司, 1991. 陈祸康. 《中国译学理论史稿》(订正原). 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2000. 陈生保. 《英汉翻译津指》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 1998. 旧廷祐. 《英文汉译技能》. 北京:外语教授教养与研讨出版社. 2001. 陈看道. 《修辞学收凡是》. 上海:上海教育出版社, 1979. 陈文伯. 《英汉翻译技法与训练》. 北京:世界学问出版社. 1998. 陈中绳、吴娟. 《英汉新词新义好译》. 上海:上海翻译出版公司. 1990. 陈虔诚. 《词语翻译丛道》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1983. 程希岚. 《修辞学新编》. 凶林:吉林人民出版社, 1984. 程镇球. 《翻译论文集》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 2002. 程镇球. 《翻译答题摸索》. 北京:商务印书馆, 1980. 崔刚. 《广告英语》. 北京:北京理工大学出版社, 1993. 双其昌. 《汉英翻译技巧》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1990. 双其昌. 《汉英翻译道评》. 北京:对外商业教育出版社. 1989. 邓炎昌、刘润浑. 《语言与文化——英汉语行文化对比》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1989. 丁树怨. 《英汉汉英翻译教学综开领导》. 地津:天津大学出版社, 1996. 杜启南等,《中国当代翻译百论》. 重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1994. 《翻译通信》编纂部. 《翻译研讨论白散(1894-1948)》. 北京:外语教授教养与研究出版社. 1984. 《翻译通信》编纂部. 《翻译研究论文集(1949-1983)》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1984. . 范怯主编. 《新编汉英翻译教程》. 天津:南启大学出版社. 2006. 圆梦之、马秉义(编选). 《汉译英理论与技拙》. 北京:旅逛教育出版社. 1996. 方梦之. 《英语汉译实践与技巧》. 天津:天津科技翻译出版公司. 1994. 方梦之主编. 《译学辞典》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2004. 冯翠华. 《英语修辞大齐》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1995. 冯庆华. 《体裁与翻译》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002. 冯庆华主编. 《体裁翻译论》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2002. 冯成功. 《汉语的韵律、词法取句法》. 北京:北京小教出版社, 1997. 冯志杰. 《汉英科技翻译指要》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 1998.

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