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初三英语动词常用时态

初三英语动词常用时态
初三英语动词常用时态

动词八种常用时态

1.一般现在时

(1

注:动词have(has)的用法较为特殊:

①如果表示“所有、拥有”时,可采用be动词的句型结构和一般动词的句型结构。

动词的句型结构。

eg: Do you have breakfast everyday? Y es, I do. / No, I don’t.

(2)一般现在时的用法

①表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作,常与often, always, usually, sometimes, never, everyday, every year / month /week, on Sundays, once a week等时间状语连用。

eg: They play basketball after school every afternoon.

②表示主语的行为特征、性格、能力、心理状态和感情等。

eg: He writes good English but doesn’t speak well.

③表示客观存在的真理或事实。

eg: The sun rises in the east.

④用于有连词if, unless, before, as soon as, after, when, once, however等引导的时间、条件、

方式、让步状语从句中,表示将要发生的动作。

eg: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go fishing.

⑤表示预先安排或计划好要做的动作(有时间状语),限于begin, come, go, arrive, start, stop, open, close, return, finish, complete等瞬间动词。

eg: The football match starts at 9 o’clock.

⑥用在以here和there开头的感叹句中。(注:此类句子有时倒装)

eg: Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了。

There goes the bell! 铃响了。

⑦用于体育比赛解说、电影剧本介绍、新闻标题、图片演示说明中。

eg: Jack throws the ball to John and John catches it. He jumps and casts it into the basket. (3)行为动词一般现在时的单数第三人称形式构成规则:

①一般情况在词尾加-s:work——works come——comes swim——swims

②以ch, sh, s, ss, x, o结尾加-es:teach——teaches finish——finishes miss——misses

fix——fixes go——goes

③以元音+y结尾,直接加-s:say——says buy——buys destroy——destroys

④以辅音+y结尾,先y变为i,再加-es:try——tries study——studies

2.一般过去时

(1)一般过去时的构成

(2)一般过去时的用法

①表示过去某个时刻发生的动作或存在的状态,常与过去的时间状语连用。

如:yesterday, last night/week/month/year, in 1996, a moment ago, a few days ago, at that time, at that moment, in those days, in the old days, just now, once upon a time等。

eg: He didn’t finish his homework last night.

②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与always, often, usually, never, once a week, every day, sometimes等时间状语连用。

注:“used to +动词原形”或“would +动词原形”常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

eg: They always swam in the sea when they lived in Qingdao.

I used to enjoy gardening, but I don’t like it any more.

During the winter he would sit by the fire for nothing.

“used to +动词原形”表示“过去经常,过去常常”;

“be used to +名词或动名词”表示“习惯于”。

eg: He used to drink wine. 他过去常常喝酒。

He is used to drinking wine. 他习惯于喝酒。

③在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。

eg: He said he would stay here until his mother came back.

④表示过去连续发生的行为。

eg: He got up very early in the morning, had breakfast and then went to school.

⑤表示死者的动作或状态。

eg: Lei Feng set a good example to us young people.

⑥在It’s time…; I wish…; I’d rather…等结构后的that从句中,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反或对将来事态的主观设想。

eg: It’s time you went to school. 你(现在)该去上学了。

I wish I could fly like a bird 我要是像只鸟会飞该多好呀!

I’d rather you didn’t smoke any more. 我倒希望你别再抽烟了。

⑦一般过去时也可与today, tonight, this morning, this week/month/year等时间状语连用,但这些状语实际指过去,不包括“说话时刻”在内。

eg: I saw him in the market this morning. 今天早上我在超市看到他。

(3)行为动词过去式构成的规则:

①一般在词尾加-ed:finish——finished fix——fixed guess——guessed

②以e结尾的动词加-d:hope——hoped move——moved die——died

③以元音+y结尾,直接加-ed: destroy——destroyed enjoy——enjoyed stay——stayed

④以辅音+y结尾,先变y为i再加-ed: try——tried reply——replied marry——married

⑤以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed:

stop——stopped admit——admitted regret——regretted plan——planned

3.一般将来时

(1)一般将来时的构成

注:

shan’t=shall not won’t=will not

“Shall I/we…?”常用来征求对方意见;

“Will you please…?”常用来询问对方是否愿意,或者表示客气的邀请或命令。

eg: Shall I open the window? Y es, you will./ No, you won’t.

Will you please open the window? Y es, I will./ No, I won’t.

(2)一般将来时的用法

①表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next time/week/year,

in the future, the day after tomorrow, some day, from now on等表示将来的时间状语连用。eg: No one knows what will happen in the future.

②表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,也和always, often, never等连用。eg: I will never break my promise. 我决不会食言。

③will表将来的用法:(按自然规律)必然会;事先没有考虑而是临时出现的意图;(科技

中)事物的倾向性或规律性。

eg: We will die when we are old.

Who is knocking at the door? I’ll go and see who it is.

Ice will change into water if it melts. 冰融化就会变成水。

④be going to do表示将来的用法:(事先考虑)打算,决定做...;某种客观迹象预示即将会…eg: I am going to be a doctor.

Look at the black clouds. It’s going to rain.

⑤be to do表示将来的用法:(按计划安排)打算,将要做...;(按命令、指示、约定、要求、责任、义务等)必须,应该做...;(用于条件句)想,想要做...

eg: The president is to visit China next week.

No one is to leave here without permission.

If you are to pass the exams, you will have to study harder.

⑥be about to do马上、立刻要做某事(不强调主观,不与具体时间状语连用,但可和when 从句连用)。

eg: Hurry up! The train is about to leave.

I’m not about to stop when I’m so close to success. 成功在望,我岂能罢手。

⑦be doing sth按计划、安排即将做某事,很少变动,常与go, start, leave, begin, stay, take, reach, arrive, return, come, move等动词联用。

eg: The plane is taking off at 5:20.

⑧祈使句或短语+and[or]+主语+will do (注意and表肯定,or表否定)。

eg: Work hard and you will succeed.

Work hard or you will fail.

4.过去将来时

(1)过去将来时的构成

(2)过去将来时的用法

①表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,多用于宾语从句和间接引语中。

eg: The teacher asked you when you would finish your homework.

I don’t know if he would do like that.

②would do sth 表示过去的某种习惯性动作,此时不管什么人称都用would.

eg: After she had supper , she would go for a walk.

③was/were going to do 打算[计划,决定,准备]做某事(在表示动作或事态时也可以是没有实现的)。

eg: He was going to leave when you arrived.

④was/were about to do正要,即将做某事(不强调主观,不与具体时间状语连用,但可

和when从句连用) 。

eg:We were about to go out when it began to rain.

⑤was/were to do (按计划、安排)打算,将要做某事。

eg: She said she was to take up the position.

⑥was/were doing sth 按计划、安排即将做某事,常与go, start, leave, begin, stay, reach, arrive, come等词连用。

eg: They said they were leaving for England soon.

⑦was/were on the point of (doing) sth 即将,将要,正要…的时候.

eg: The old man was on the point of death.

5.现在进行时

(1)现在进行时的构成

(2)现在进行时的用法

①表示说话时正在进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等时间状语连用,或用在look, listen等引出的句子中。

eg: The telephone is ringing. Would you answer it, please?

Look! A monkey is climbing the tree.

②表示现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时刻不一定正在进行),常与at present, these days, this week等时间状语连用。

eg: She is working for a company at present.

③表示反复出现的习惯性动作;表示说话人现在对主语行为的赞扬、遗憾、讨厌、不满等感情,常与always, usually, constantly等副词连用。

eg: Y ou are always making such mistakes.

④表示即将发生的动作或马上要发生的事,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,多限于begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, take等表移动方向的动词。

eg: She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

(3)现在分词的构成规则:

①一般在动词原形末尾加-ing:work——working stand——standing

②以y结尾(无论前是辅音或元音)都直接加-ing:study——studying play——playing

③以oe, ee, ye结尾的动词直接加-ing:see——seeing agree——agreeing

④以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去e加-ing:live——living make——making

⑤少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y再加-ing:die——dying lie——lying

⑥末尾只以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing:

get——getting swim——swimming cut——cutting forget——forgetting

注:有些动词没有进行时:静态动词,如:have, belong, love, like, want;

动态动词中的瞬间动词,如:join, find.

6.过去进行时

(1)过去进行时的构成

①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态,一般和at that time, at five yesterday, last night, this time yesterday, the whole morning, when I arrived等特定的过去时间状语连用。

eg: I was watching TV at seven last night.

②表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。

eg: I was studying at primary school in those years.

③表示一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行。

eg: I was doing some washing when he knocked at the door.

④表示在过去某时间同时进行着的两个动作。

eg: Some students were reading while others were writing.

⑤表示过去将来的动作(即从过去的某个时间看将要发生的动作),常用于间接引语。

eg: He said he was coming this evening.

⑥表示现在的客气、礼貌或不确定,常用此结构的动词有:hope, wonder, think, expect等。

eg: I was wondering if you would like to come to a party.

⑦表示说话人对主语的某种行为表赞扬、厌恶、不满等情感,常与always, constantly, continually , forever等副词连用。

eg: He was always talking in the class.

7.现在完成时

(1)现在完成时的构成

①表示发生在过去的动作已经结束或刚刚结束,但对现在造成一定的影响或结果(强调动作造成的影响结果而非动作本身)。常与already, never, ever, not…yet, just, before, still,

lately/recently等不确定的时间连用。

eg: He still hasn’t finished his work.

②表示持续和重复,从过去某时开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在,而且有可能继续下去。常与since, for, up to now, so far, all one’s life等引导表示一段时间的状语连用。

eg: We have lived here for five years.

He has worked her since last year.

③用在时间、条件、原因状语从句中,表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。

eg: I will go with you when I have finished my homework.

④have/has been to 曾经到过某地(是回来之后再讨论去过某地的情况) ;

have/has gone to 已经去某地了(可能还在路上,也可能已经到达,但一定不在说话者这里)。

eg: I have been to Italy. I went there last spring.

He has gone to abroad. Now his family miss him very much.

⑤表示反复或习惯性的动作,常与several times, once, twice, three times, frequently等频率

副词连用。

eg: I have seen him only once this year.

⑥非延续性动词虽可用于现在完成时,但不能与for, since等构成的表示一段时间的状语连用,需把瞬间动词变为be动词等的适当形式。如:die——be dead, join——be in,

fall ill——be ill, finish——be over, leave/go——be away, begin——be on, become——be, get ready——be ready, get up——be up, make friends——be friends 等。

eg: He has made friends with a foreigner.

He has been friends with a foreigner since he met him in Beijing.

注:如果要保留非延续性动词,则可使用“It is/has been +一段时间+ since从句”这个句型。

eg: It is/has been 10 years since he came to China.

⑦非延续性动词的否定式可以表示状态的延续,表示从过去到现在还没有发生过的动作,可与for, since时间状语连用。

eg: I haven’t heard from him since he left. 从他走后,我就没有收到他的来信。

⑧在“最高级”+“名词”或在“这是第几次”之后+定语从句,从句用现在完成时。

eg : This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

This is the third time you have failed in the exam.

(3)规则动词变过去分词的方法与动词过去式构成的规则相同。

8. 过去完成时

(2)过去完成时的用法

①表示到过去某一时刻为止,已经完成了的动作,常与by the end of last year, by the time, by yesterday, by then等连用,通常与非延续性动词连用。

eg : By the end of last month, they had finished their work.

②表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成,它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。

eg : The film had already begun when we arrived last night.

③表示过去本来要做而没做或无法做的事,或没有实现的希望或意图。常用此结构的动词有: hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend, wish, desire等。

eg : We had planned to go on a picnic yesterday, but it was raining.

④用在主句是过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。

eg : He found that he had left his luggage on the bus.

She said that she had not seen him for a long time.

⑤在hardly/scarcely…when…和no sooner… than…等特殊句式中,主句常用过去完成时。

eg : He had hardly finished his job when the boss came in.

= Hardly had he finished his job when the boss came in. (需倒装)

= As soon as he finished his job, the boss came in. 他一完成工作老板就进来了。

We had no sooner left the house than it began to rain.

= No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.

= As soon as we left the house, it began to rain. 我们一离开家,天就开始下雨了。

初中英语时态专项练习

现在进行时练习按要求改写句子 1.The boy is playing basketball. 否定句:____________________________ 一般疑问句:_________________________ 肯定回答:__________________________ 否定回答:__________________________ 对“is playing basketball”提问:__________________________ 对“ The boy”提问:__________________________ 2.They are singing in the classroom. 否定句:____________________________ 一般疑问句:_________________________ 肯定回答:__________________________ 否定回答:__________________________ 对“are singing ”提问:__________________________ 对“ in the classroom”提问:__________________________ 3.仿照例句造句: Model:read,a book --What are you doing? --I'm reading a book. 1).read a new book ________________

2).clean the blackboard ________________ 4.she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.) _____________________ 5.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问) ________________________ 6.is,who,the window,cleaning?(连词成句) ______________________ 7.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问) ________________________ 8.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句) ______________________ 9.You are doing your homework.(用"I"作主语改写句子) ______________________ 10.they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.) _____________________ 11.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句) ______________________ II.单项选择 ()1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby. (B)I'm look aftering the baby.

初中英语时态讲解(完整版)

英语时态讲解 1. 一般现在时的应用 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom 以及时间副词 every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night 做状语。如: He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。 We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。 I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。 (2) 表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如: The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。 Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时,液体变为气体。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3) 现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如: He lives in Beijing now. 他现在住在北京。 She is at home. 她在家。 They work in that factory. 他们在那家工厂工作。 (4) 习惯性的爱好或行为。如: I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞,而她喜欢唱歌。 We get up at six. 我们六点起床。 He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦。 (5) 表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排,并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词:come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open等。如: The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到,八点过十分

(完整版)初三英语时态专项练习题(含答案)

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