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新托福写作真经4 test2-综合写作解析

新托福写作真经4test2-综合写作解析新托福写作真经4共包括24套写作题目，前程百利小编和大家分享一下解题的套路。今天和大家分享的是新托福写作真经4test2-综合写作的解析。一起来看一下吧!

Reading&Listening

第一部分：Reading

For much of the twentieth century,the American federal government,as well as various state and city governments,controlled the country’s infrastructure,particularly the power,water management,and transportation industries.Yet in the past three decades,many industries in the United States have been privatized.The results have been mostly positive.

Governments have reaped enormous profits from selling various infrastructure industries and projects. For instance,in1987，Conrail,a railroad,was sold for$1.7billion.In1997,the Elks Hill Petroleum Reserve was privatized for$3.7billion.In many northern states,governments have sold the rights to manage their toll roads for billions of dollars.During a time when most state governments are facing budget shortfalls,these injections of cash from the private sector are much needed.

Private companies typically manage infrastructure projects better than the government.

First,they are focused on turning a profit,so they eliminate inefficiencies that existed under the government-run regimes.For instance,they eliminate unnecessary departments and fire unproductive workers while rewarding and promoting productive ones.Countless studies have proven that employee productivity dramatically rises whenever government entities are privatized.Through superior management, the companies become more efficient.

Private companies are more likely to introduce new technology than government-owned companies are.One example is in Texas.There,private industry is leading the way in energy production.Several multibillion-dollar power projects,particularly ones utilizing green energy such as wind power,are either currently being implemented or are in the developmental stages.As a result,Texas,an industrial powerhouse,produces so much energy that it not only creates enough for its own companies but also exports electricity to nearby states.It is Texas’reliance on new technology that has made it possible for the state to produce so much energy.

阅读要点：

观点：

Private companies typically manage infrastructure projects better than the government.

私营企业通常比政府能更好地管理基础设施项目。

1.First,they are focused on turning a profit,so they eliminate inefficiencies that existed under the government-run regimes.

因为私营企业更加注重盈利，所以废除政府运营下的低效率公司。

2.Private companies are more likely to introduce new technology than government-owned companies are.

私营企业比政府更加能够引进新技术。

第二部分：Listening

听力笔记符号：

听力要点：

观点：政府比私营企业能更好地管理基础设施项目。并且列举了私营企业管理基础设施的三个弊端。

1.私企是以盈利为目的，所以会独裁，最终受害的还是公民;

2.私企会废除低效率发展的机构，裁员，导致很多人失业;

3.政府会控制新技术的引进和发明，因为新技术和科技产品往往也会带来很多严重的问题。

第三部分：SAMPLE ESSAY

①The lecturer argues that it is better to have governments manage infrastructure industries rather than organizations from the private sector.She supports her contention with three disadvantages to private management.②This directly refutes the reading passage's claim that the privatization of infrastructure would result in many benefits.

First,the purpose of government is not profit-making but rather the benefit of its own citizens.If a private company were to abuse its monopoly and impose excessive rates,it would be the citizens who suffered from the system.③This fact contradicts the claim from the reading passage that the privatization of infrastructure can provide financial aid for governments,particularly those going through an economic crisis.

In addition,④the lecturer contends that the privatization of infrastructure would reduce employment opportunities.As shown in the example,many workers lost their jobs at the power company after it was privatized.This contradicts the reading passage's claim that liquidation for the purpose of making revenue would fortify productivity.

Finally,⑤the lecturer asserts that the speedy introduction of new technology could bring about problems,including serious ones.Thus the relatively unhurried adoption of innovative systems would reduce the possibilities of trouble.⑥This is against the idea presented in the reading passage that we need the continuous implementation of up-to-date technology as shown in Texas with the successful wind power system.

范文中的单词：

infrastructure['?nfr?'str?kt??]n.·基础设施;公共建设;下部构造

privatization[,pra?v?ta?'ze??n]n.·私有化

excessive[?k'ses?v;]adj.·过多的，极度的;过分的

liquidation[,l?kw?'de??n]n.·清算;偿还;液化;清除

unhurried英[?n'h?rid]adj.·从容不迫的;不慌忙的;不急的

范文中可以提取出来作为模板的句子

①The lecturer argues that it is……

②This directly refutes the reading passage's claim that……

③This fact contradicts the claim from the reading passage that……

④the lecturer contends that……

⑤the lecturer asserts that……

⑥This is against the idea presented in the reading passage that……

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此得分的作文存在以下问题：几乎没有提供有意义的或是相对连贯的讲座内容;语言水平很低，词不达意。托福综合写作0分作文标准仅仅是从阅读中抄句子，拒绝针对话题写作，或所写和话题根本无关系，或用其他语言写作，或文中只包括无意义的键盘符号，或是什么也不写。 “粗粮” “粗粮”即一类人、物或事、抑或是一个公认事实的例子，说白了就是多数人都能认可的信息。学生在寻找这类例子的时候比较轻松，在观点中找出可以继续细化的重点信息，进行”narrow down”的工作。请看以下两个例子：观点1：Employers are willing to pay a premium for highly qualified applicants. 例1：For example, international panies desire bilingual employees and offer higher salaries to attract them.

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托福综合写作模板：写作经典句式 Both the lecture and the reading discussed …. However, their viewpoints are strongly contradictory for several reasons. First, the reading points out that …, but the lecturer supposes that …. And he also argues that …, thus… Moreover, the author holds that ... The lecturer, however, believes that…. Since it is …, …. Besides, the professor also refutes the idea that ... from the passage. He provides us with the instance/reason that.... In sum, according to the discussion above, the speaker totally disagrees with the conclusions revealed in the reading passage. Frequently Used Sentences 1 We are so development-oriented that we almost can sacrifice moral values for the purpose of obtaining a little material gain. 2 It is often reported in our daily newspapers that university undergraduates commit crimes, XXX from XXX University, is a case in point. 3 According to the latest paper published by the Chinese Academy of Social Science, the number of smoking people is increasing at an accelerating speed (alarming rate), especially in China.

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托福综合写作的阅读听力部分如何应对为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家一些托福考试作文小技巧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福综合写作阅读部分：寻找核心句关键词英美人写文章的总体逻辑可以概括为总分或总分总。而托福综合写作的阅读材料多为前者布局，且多为四段式(首段总起，三段分别展开)。首段主要用来提供背景信息或者提出话题，而作者的立场或论点多位于首段的最后一句，聪明的考生会把注意力多集中于首段的尾句，确定作者的立论点，从而对于下一阶段的听力大致话题和论述做到心中有底。随后的段落即展开给出作者之所以立论的三个分论点或论据，在单个的段落当中，又遵循了西方人惯有的总分模式，单个段落的首句多为topic sentence，考生可以只关注三个段落的首句以快速获取段落主要内容，从而避免全文通读速度不够而导致的来不及看完阅读。托福综合写作听力部分：判断说话人立场、记录观点和支持性论据

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托福写作评分标准

托福写作评分标准公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

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托福综合写作万能模板：IBT综合写作模板 In this listening material, the professor made several points about ____________. First of all / Moreover / Furthermore, the professor states / claims / argues / discusses / mentions / talks / indicates / says / contends / raises the issue / demonstrates / makes the point / holds / believes / shows that __________________, while the reading passage (反对)contradicts / departs from / refutes / disagrees with / opposes to the writer’s expectation / casts doubt on / presents a (totally) different idea / jeopardizes / differs from / on the contrary / makes the explanation seem less likely / in contrast /(支持)supports / illustrates / strengthens / agrees with / bolsters / (perfectly) reinforces / presents the same view that ____________.

托福综合写作经典模板分享

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Furthermore, the passage assumes that…. The professor, however, suggests that this assumption may not be merited by the evidence. Say, ….. The contradiction is obvious here when … . On the basis of this point the lecture explicitly refutes the passage. 内容第三段 Last but not the least, the passage may be right about …., but one critical fact is being left out of consideration. Pointed out by the professor, the author totally neglects the truth that… On account of above-mentioned grave mistakes, the author’s assertion turned out to be a preposterous idea. 结尾段 In conclusion, based on the arguments offered above, the professor clearly identifies the defects in the reading passage and forcefully shows that… 其它说明细节文中至少有一个举例形式，如果实在用不到上面句型，可以用转述凑字数：In other words, that is to say, … 其他有用句型

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