中美政治制度的比较
英语国家概况论文
姓名：廖梦月
班级：英语11302班
班内序号：12
学号：201301820
指导老师：英华
完成日期：2014年12月20日
Abstract
Comparison of Political System
between China and the US
Abstract： Both America and China are political country though there are some differences on it. America is the first political country in the world and now it becomes the strongest country in the world. In the 1920's, some Chinese want to save our homeland with new political system and we choose Party. But because of culture of two countries and something else, the parties of two countries play the different roles in the political life.
Key word:political system difference comparison
1.Summary of political system
Both America and China are political country .There are many similarities and differences on their political system. Firstly, we should have a summary of political system of these two countries.
1.1 Summary of political system of American
The United States is a federal constitutional republic, in which the President of the United States (the head of the state and head of the government), congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. Federal and state elections generally take place within a two-party system, although this is not enshrined in law. The executive branch is headed by President and is independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress, the Senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch , which is composed of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts exercises judiciary power (or judiciary). The judiciary's function is to interpret the United States Constitution and federal laws and regulations. This includes resolving disputes between the executive and legislative branches. The federal government of the United States was established by the Constitution. Two parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, have dominated American politics since the American Civil War, although other parties have also existed.
1.2 Summary of political system of China
The political party system China has adopted is multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which is different from both the two-party or multi-party competition systems of Western countries and the one-party system practiced in some other countries. The Constitution
of the People's Republic of China states that "the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China shall continue to exist and develop for a long time to come." Both the CPC and the democratic parties must take the Constitution as the basic norm of their conduct, and uphold the dignity of the Constitution and ensure its implementation.
Under China's multi-party cooperation system, there are the CPC and eight other political parties. The eight democratic parties are: Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, China Democratic League, China National Democratic Construction Association, China Association for Promoting Democracy, Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, China Zhi Gong Dang, Jiu San Society and Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is an important institution of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC. Based on the principle of "long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, treating each other with sincerity and sharing each other's weal and woe," the CPC and the eight democratic parties work hand in hand in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, thus giving rise to the basic feature of "multi-party cooperation system under the leadership of the CPC, with the CPC holding power and the other eight parties participating fully in state affairs." The multi-party cooperation system shows unique political advantage and strong vitality, and plays an irreplaceable role in China's political and social life.
2. Difference of political system
1.1 The difference of the fundamental political system
1.1.1 Chinese fundamental political system
China's fundamental political system is the system of people's Congress. The National People's Congress is the highest organ of state power. Local people's Congress is the local organs of state power. State administrative organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs are generated by the people's Congress, responsible to it, subject to its supervision. Through the people vote for the Congress of people's deputies, deputies vote for leaders, people can not express their opinions directly elected leaders. The people's Congress system is conducive to ensuring national power reflect the will of the people; also to ensure the unity of the central and local state power; more conducive to ensuring China's ethnic equality and unity. But it also exists some shortcomings, such as after all just represent public opinion, can not fully reflect the will of every man; the way to the meeting once a year, can not give full play to the role of; although a permanent system of the National People's Congress Standing Committee of National People's Congress, however after all as permanent organ can continue to work.
1.1.2American fundamental political system
The fundamental political system of the United States is the system of separation of three powers, namely the national legislative, administrative and judicial three respectively independent exercise of the right by the three agencies, and counterbalance system. The legislative power belongs to the Congress of the United States, consisting of both the house and the Senate, the executive power belongs to the president
of the United States; the judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and Congress enacted and the establishment of the lower court at any time. People hold a vote, can be directly involved in the leadership election.
Elect elect
America
1.3 The difference of the basic political system
There are three basic political system of democracy in China: the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation system, the regional national autonomy system, grass-roots mass self-government system.
Correspondingly, American is "bicameral", are the Democrats and the Republicans; there is a "state system" at the state level, the state is the separation of the three powers: the executive, legislative and judicial, function and jurisdiction category and the corresponding mechanism on a national level roughly the same. A state governor to also have jurisdiction.
The system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation system is mainly reflected in China, the Communist Party is the ruling party, the democratic parties are parties, Chinese Communist Party and the democratic parties are close comrades in arms. And American bicameralism is ruling by both Republican and democratic election. China people's Political Consultative Conference, is an important mechanism for the leadership of the Communist Party of Chinese multi-party cooperation and political consultation, is China people's patriotic united front organization, is an important form of our country in the political life of the socialist democracy.
Because China is a multi-ethnic country, in order to better govern, we set up the system of regional ethnic autonomy.
Refers to the unified leadership of the state, regional autonomy is practiced in areas where people of minority nationalities, organs of self-government are established to exercise the power of autonomy
system. And American is to establish the state government in every state except Nebraska where there is only a legislative body．Other states are divided into the Senate and the Geneal Assembly. Functions and jurisdiction category and the corresponding mechanism on a national level roughly the same. In China there is a grass-roots mass self-government system. The grass-roots mass self-government system has the following advantages: first, China's grass-roots mass autonomy and the vital interests of the people closely related, can directly reflect the interests of the masses of the people .Second, grass-roots mass self-government in China in the leading of the party and the government, to adhere to the correct orientation and stable and orderly development. Third, grass-roots mass self-government in China can adapt to the social and economic development, promote.
1.2The difference of the Presidency
1.3.1 United States Presidency
The president is the head of the state: the ceremonial head of the government. He grants pardon, holds states dinners and receives ambassadors. He is the chief executive of the country. He has the executive powers, hence takes care of the law of the country. He preparers the country's annual budget and set rules for civil service. He has the power of appointing and removing and has to oversee the good running of the administration. The president is the chief diplomat, though the foreign relation is divided among the three organs of government: Congress, President, and the Senate that approves treaties. There is also the secretary of state who is directly a subject to the presidency and can hold the presidency office at pleasure. The president is the commander in chief of the armed forces. He makes all the major decisions of strategy
and mobilizes the economy fort optimum production. He can appoint and discharge all makers of policies in the defense department. The president serves for a term of four years and can not serve for more than two terms .
1.3.1 Chinese Presidency
The chairman to the People's Republic of China is identified as the country's important component of living in the summit which is the country's highest state organ. The president is the head of the state. The presidency is accorded to an individual on the cases of the person's maturity, and extensive experience. At home and abroad he enjoys higher reputation as well as prestige of serving. The presidency is limited to age. The president serves for a term of five years and is limited to two consecutive terms. The president has a right to issue orders, issue amnesty, declare war, appoint and remove members of the state council, appointment and removal of the Premier of the state council, and the Vice Premier, the heads of all the ministries and commissions, the State Councilors, the Secretary General and the Audit General. These officers serves odder from the state. The president heads the external states affairs, abrogates, and ratifies concluded foreign treaties and meets the foreign envoys according to the decision of the National People's Congress Standing Committee.
3.Analysis of advantages and
disadvantages
Historical experience tells us, a national political system, must adapt to the specific situation in this country to exist and run. To judge its quality, can be roughly viewed from three aspects; one is whether it can maintain the unity and stability of the country, the two is whether it can effectively promote the development of economy and society, three people are happy about it. American political system is adapt to their own situation, the existence of more than 200 years, also experienced a continuously modified during the civil war, after the test, the formation of the system pattern of today; Chinese political system to adapt to China own situation, and continue to reform, perfection and innovation. China once imitation of Soviet Communist Party, then according to the China their own national conditions, gradually formed and cooperatives in China
Especially in the new stage of reform and opening up more than ten years, China had formed a unique path of political development. Admittedly, the Sino US two democratic political system is a fruit of human civilization. To American typical Western democratic political system is produced and developed in the struggle of anti feudal autocratic system, it is undoubtedly a historical progress it to the western world and the world civilization and progress have made great contributions. But this system is produced and developed in the special historical environment, inevitably has the limitations of the times and the system imperfection. It will produce and development of the socialist democratic political system to adapt to the need of the situation of the development of human society forward. Historical period produces socialist democratic
political system and development is not long, although demonstrated superiority, but also is not complete, need to continuously experience to enrich and perfect the. Two democratic political system should learn from each other, learn from each other. For the western democratic political system, on how to expand the social foundation of democracy, maintain political stability and harmony, strengthen the family and social responsibility, can be a useful reference for socialist democratic and political system to say from the socialist democratic political system, on how to expand political transparency, to strengthen supervision of the exercise of power.