句子及主谓

句子

1，概念：一个语言单位，由词按照语法规律构成，表示一个完整独立的思想。有标点符号。2，分类：按使用目的分类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句

按结构分类：简单句，并列句，复合句

3，陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句

（1）陈述句说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法

（2）疑问句提出问题（一般疑问，特殊疑问，选择问句，反意问句）

（3）祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等，谓语动词用原形

（4）感叹句表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气忿等情绪

3，简单句，并列句和复合句

（1）如果句子只包含一个主谓结构，而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，就是简单句The teachers and the students all liked the place and wanted to stay there a little longer. (2) 如果句子包含有两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接,也可以用逗号隔开。

The camera-work is perfect and the cast is good.

Hurry up, it’s getting late.

(3) 复合句中包含有两个或更多的主谓结构，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分，如：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，同位语等

What I want to emphasize is this.

We should never pretend to know what we don’t know.

There is something in what you said.

That’s exactly what I am planning to do.

We are looking forward to the day when we will meet again.

Turn off the light before you leave the room

Soon came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

主语

1，主语可以用以下成分充当

（1）名词A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.

（2）代词Who is speaking?

（3）数词Two thirds of the workers are women.

（4）动名词Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me.

（5）不定式To translate this idea into reality needs hard work.

（6）词组或复合结构To each according to his work is a socialist principle.

（7）从句What has happened proves that our policy is right.

（8）名词化的其它词类“A”is an article.

2, 以it做主语的句子

(1) 代替刚提到过的一件事物

What’s this? -It is a harvester.

(2) 起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物

Who is knocking at the door? -It’s me.

(3) 表示时间，天气，距离等

It is rather windy today.

(4) 改变一个句子的结构，强调这个句子中的某一成分

It’s me that he blamed.

It’s she who you should ask.

it is+.....+ that 句子其他成分强调句句型结构

(5) 代替一个由不定式，动名词短语或是从句表示的主语，使原来的这些主语可以放在句子后面，免得句子头重脚轻。

It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it.

It is no use doing something.

no good useless senseless nuisance worthwhile waste dangerous

这些单词可以用于后面接动名词的结构

3, 用从句做主语的句子

（1）由what等代词引起的主语从句

What they are after is profit. Be after 追求，追逐

（2）由连词that引起的主语从句

It’s not your fault that this has happened.

（3）由连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句

When they will come hasn’t been made public. The time that they will come

4,以there引起的句子，主语就是be动词后面的东西

有时也用seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, be bound to be, live, come, enter, stand, occur, lie这些结构来引起

There happened to be nobody in the room.

Once there lived an old fisherman in village by the sea.

There used to be a cinema here.

谓语

1，分类：

(1)简单谓语：只有一个动词的谓语

(2)复合谓语：由多个部分构成

情态动词+ 动词，系动词+表语

2，主谓一致

如果主语是一个抽象概念，谓语动词都用单数形式

Growing vegetables needs constant watering.

当主语中包含有and时，如果表示一个单一概念，谓语要用单数动词，否则用复数动词

To try and fail is better than not to try at all.

(1)如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but except

等引起的短语，谓语动词仍旧用单数形式：

An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.

Nobody but Jack and Amy was there.

(2)each和由some，any, no, every构成的复合代词，都作单数看待：

Each of us has something to say.

Is everybody ready?

What, who, which, any, more, most, all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思决定Which is your room?

Here is some more.

None 作复数看待时较多，但也有时作单数看待，主要看说话人脑中联想的是复数还是单数概念。

None of the books are easy enough for us.

None of us has got a camera.

None在代表不可数的东西时总是看做单数

None of this worries me.

Either, neither通常作单数看待

Neither of us has gone through regular training.

(3)People, police, cattle, poultry等通常作复数。

Cattle are grazing on the pasture.

有些集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据意思来决定。

The public consists of you and me.

The class are reading.

有些名词单复数同形，可根据意思决定谓语动词的数。

This new series is beginning next month

Where are the headquarters?

(4)number, variety, proportion, majority, population等词有时作单数看，有时作复数，主要从

意思上来决定。

A number of books have been published on the subject.

The majority of the water is polluted.

(5)当一个句子有两个主语，而它们又是由either…or或neither...nor连接起来时，谓语通常

和最邻近的主语一致。

Either you or Tom is to do the work.

Neither my wife nor myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.

There或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致。

There was carved on the board a dragon and a phoenix.

宾语

1，分类

直接宾语&间接宾语

She has ordered two tickets for the seven-thirty show.

Please show me your passport.

2,宾语的充当

(1)名词：Show your passports, please!

(2)代词：They didn’t promise him anything definitely. Define

(3)数词：How many do you need?-We need two.

(4)名词化的形容词或其它东西：The stretcher teams carried the seriously wounded.

(5)动名词：I enjoyed working with you.

(6)不定式：Hope to see you again.

(7)复合结构：You will find the pain easing up in a few hours.

(8)从句：See that everything is ready by half past ten

3,复合宾语

（1）名词（或代词）+不定式: The doctor advised Mary to have more exercise.

（2）名词（或代词）+分词：We had the photograph taken when we were working in the fields. （3）名词（或代词）+名词：They made the girl vice-director of the factory. Make sb sth （4）名词（或代词）+形容词：He proved himself worthy of confidence.

4,宾语从句

（1）由连接代词或副词引起的宾语从句：Could you tell me where you are from?

（2）由关系代词型what等代词引起的宾语从句：We always mean what we say.

（3）由that引起的宾语从句：He requested that the Premier grant him an interview.

5直接引语和间接引语

1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.

A. What

B. That

C. Whoever

D. Whatever

2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.

A. while

B. that

C. if

D. for

3.When and why he came here ________ yet.

A. is not known

B. are not known

C. has not known

D. have not known

4. ________ is no reason for dismissing her.

A. Because she was a few minutes late

B. Owing to a few minutes late

C. The fact that she was a few minutes late

D. Being a few minutes late

5. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.

A. That…that you had expected

B. What …that you had expected

C. That…what you had expected

D. What…what you had expected

6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.

A. If...do

B. That...do

C. If...does

D. That...does

7.It ________ Bob drives badly.

A. thinks that

B. is thought what

C. thought that

D. is thought that

8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.

A. if

B. that

C. whether

D. how

9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.

A. That

B. What

C. How

D. Which

10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.

A. What, what

B. What, that

C. That, that

D. That, what

11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.

A. What

B. Who

C. That

D. Whether

12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If

B. Whether

C. That

D. Where

13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.

A. That

B. Why

C. How

D. Who

14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.

A. When

B. Why

C. What

D. That

15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.

A. How

B. What

C. Why

D. This

16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.

A. If

B. Where

C. That

D. What

17. ._______you come or not is up to you.

A. What

B. If

C. Why

D. Whether

18.._______makes mistakes must correct them.

A. Who

B. Anyone

C. Whoever

D. Anybody

19.._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.

A. Which

B. That

C. If

D. How

20..________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

A. Anyone

B. The person

C. Whoever

D. Who

[参考答案] 1-10 CBACD DDCAA 11-20 CBDAC BDCAC

Ⅰ．选择题：

1. _____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.

A. The estimate

B. The estimate

C. They are estimated

D. It is estimated that

2. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.

A. Which

B. Since

C. Although

D. How

3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.

A. Whoever

B. Whatever

C. However

D. That

4. _____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.

A. For the reason that he is

B. Just because he is

C. The reason of being

D. That he is

5. Although _____ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.

A. which

B. what

C. how

D. it

6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.

A. That occurred to her

B. She occurred that

C. To her that occurred

D. It occurred to her that

7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.

A. which

B. all

C. this

D. what

8. We lost our way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.

A. that

B. which

C. it

D. what

9. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.

A. Which

B. Since

C. Although

D. How

10. _____ or not is still uncertain.

A. He’s coming

B. If he is coming

C. That coming

D. Whether he’s coming

11. It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.

A. doubt whether

B. doubtful

C. doubt it

D. doubtful whether

12. _____ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.

A. Whether

B. Till

C. If

D. Unless

13. _____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.

A. That

B. When

C. What

D. Which

14. _____ is a spell of warm sunshine.

A. What do we all need.

B. What all we need

C. What we need

D. What we all need

15. _____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.

A. What

B. That

C. He

D. It

16. _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.

A. Remarkable

B. Quite remarkably

C. It is remarkable that

D. It is remarkable fact that

17. _____ you nominate will be elected.

A. Who

B. Whom

C. Whomever

D. That’s

18. _____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.

A. What

B. Which

C. Whichever

D. That’s

19. _____ of us gets home first starts cooking.

A. Who

B. Which

C. Whichever

D. Anyone

20. _____orders he gives are obeyed.

A. Whichever

B. Which

C. Whatever

D. What

1.D

2.D

3.B

4.C.

5.B

6.D

7.D

8.C

9.D 10.D 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.B

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.

2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.

My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. 3．There will be a mee ting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days. 4．Can they speak French? I want to know.

I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.

5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.

Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.

Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet. 7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?

Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture? 8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?

Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?

9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.

The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.

10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.

I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.

11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.

I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.

12. What's his name? I asked him.

I asked him what _____ _____ _____.

13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.

Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.

14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.

He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.

15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.

I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.

二、选择填空。

( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.

A. if you are free the next week

B. what colour was it

C. the weather is fine

D. summer comes after spring

( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.

A. where was he from

B. that the earth is bigger than

the moon

C. when did he come back

D. not to be so angry

( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.

A. how much is the car

B. how much does the car

cost

C. how much did I pay for the car

D. how much I spent on the

car

( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.

A. whether he has finished reading the book

B. why the boy had so many questions

C. there were 12 months in a year

D. when they will leave for Paris

( )5. Could you tell me ___________?

A. where do you live

B. who you are waiting for

C. who were you waiting for

D. where you live in

( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.

A. why she left

B. why did she leave

C. why she had left

D. why had she left

( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.

A. rise

B. rose

C. rises

D. had risen

( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.

A. why did he get

B.why he gets

C.why does he get

D. why he got ( )9. The manager came up to see __________.

A. what was the matter

B. what the matter was

C. what the matter is

D. what's the matter

( )10. He asked his father _______.

A. where it happens

B. where did it happen

C. how it happened

D. how did it happen

( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.

A. how we should do

B. what should we do

C. how to do it

D. what to do it

( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.

A. how check

B. to check

C. how to check

D. to how checking ( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.

A that

B what

C why

D which

( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?

─ Sorry, I've no idea.

A./, bought

B. has, bought

C. did, buy

D. did bought ( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.

A. how, another

B. what, more

C. how ,other

D. what, another

( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.

A. where is he/ has been

B. where he is/ has gone

C. where was he/ has been

D. where he was/ has gone

( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.

─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.

A. you have/ will rain

B. you will have/ will rain

C. you will have/ rains

D. will you have/ rains

( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.

A. finds/ arrives

B. finds/ will arrive

C. will find/ will arrive

D. will find/ arrives

( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the

headmaster”s desk.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. what

( )20. He asked me _______.

A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup

B. when was the APEC meeting held

C. when China became a member of the WTO

D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held

( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.

A. that

B. how

C. what

D. if

( )22. You must remember _______.

A. what your teacher said

B. what did your teacher say

C. your teacher said what

D. what has your teacher said

( )23. I don”t know ______ .

A. which room I can live

B. which room can I live

C. which room I can live in

D. which room can I live in

( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?

－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you .

A. comes ; comes

B. comes ; will come

C. will come ; comes

D. will come ; will come

( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.

A. took

B. take

C. takes

D. will take

( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone

B. had never gone

C. has never been

D. had never been

( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.

A. had

B. has

C. will have

D. are

( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?

A. who

B. what

C. when

D. that

( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.

A. what

B. if

C. when

D. where

( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?

A. what B when C why D how

三、用合适的连接词填空。

1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how,

why）

2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）

3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）

4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）

5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long,

how soon）

6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)

7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)

8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)

9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)

10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)

四、句型转换。

1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→

Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.

2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句）→

I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.

3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句）→

Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.

4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句）→

I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.

5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问

句)

五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.

2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?

3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?

4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.

5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.

6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).

7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.

8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.

9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.

10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.

参考答案：

一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they

can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his

7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked

10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether,

wanted 15.if/whether, was

二、1—5: DDDBB 6—10:ACDBC 11—15:CCBAD 16—20:BCDAC 21—25:DACCA

26—30:DCCBA

三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what

9.why 10.what

四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she

can 4.how to get 5.will they

五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works

7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go

主谓一致

(1)选择填空(分数:40 估时:40分)

1.I who a teacher must be strict and careful in everything.

A.is

B.am

2.What the population of Beijing?

A.is

B.are

3.The Chinese a great people.

A.is

B.are

4.A woman with a baby coming here.

A.is

B.are

5.The girl as well as the boys learned to drive a car.

A.has

B.have

6.To finish the work hard work.

A.needs

B.need

7.No teacher and student in the school.

A.is

B.are

8.Whenever anything,please stay here quietly.

A.happens

B.happen

9.Many a man the story.

A.believes

B.believe

10.More than five men died in the accident.

A.has

B.have

11.there any police around?

A.Is

B.Are

12.My trousers dirty.

A.is

B.are

13.A pair of glasses lying on the chair.

A.is

B.are

14.A year and a half already passed.

A.has

B.have

15.The number of the students who part in the entrance examination great.

A.takes,is

B.takes,are

C.take,is

D.take,are

16.Twelve percent of the workers here women.

A.is

B.are

17.His family not very large.

A. is

B.are

18.His family watching TV.

A.is B are

19.Most of the earth covered with water.

A.is

B.are

20.Most of the cars made in Shanghai.

A. is

B.are

21.All not gold that glitters.

A. is

B.are

22.Many sheep looked after by the old man.

A.is

B.are

23.Bread and butter their daily food.

A.is

B.are

24.Now a number of young men very well.

A.cooks

B.cook

25.Those who to go to Nanjing please get on the train.

A.wants

B.want

26.Simple and plain living a fine quality.

A.is

B.are

27.Three weeks too short a time for translating the book.

A.is

B.are

28.Letter and toilet paper running out.

A.is

B.are

29.Ten dollars too dear.

A.is

B.are

30.Here a fish,some bread and soup for you.

A.is

B.are

31.Not only a pen but also two books lost.

A.was

B.were

32.you or he right?

A.Is

B.Are

33.It's Tom who it.

A.does

B.do

34.The danger of forests not to be taken lightly.

A.is

B.are

35.More than one person watching the strange star that night.

A.was

B.were

36.The boy and girl each their own toys.

A.has

B.have

37.Few near here.

A.lives

B.live

38.The glass works built in 1959.

A.was

B.were

39.Men of this kind dangerous.

A.is

B.are

40.This kind of men dangerous.

A.is

B.are

(2)用be或have的适当形式填空(分数:24估时:48分)

1.A.The glasses mine.

B.That pair of glasses my brother's.

2.A.Grandpa Wang,together with his two grandsons,taking a walk in the park now.

B.Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons taking a walk in the park now.

3.A.Neither of them going to the cinema.

B.Both of them going to the cinema.

4.A.It is said that his family going to move.

B.He said that his family all very well.

5.A.All that I want to say this.

B.All but one here just now.

6.A.A number of the students gone for an outing.

B.The number of the students increasing year after year.

7.A.Either you or I wrong.

B.Not only the students but also the professor surprised at Mary's answer.

8.A.Many a person seen the wonderful film.

B.Many people seen the wonderful film.

9.A.Getting up early and going to bed early a good habit.

B.Singing and dancing two of the things that he likes best.

10.A.More than one person injured in the accident.

B.More than two persons injured in the accident.

11.A.The policeman standing at the street corner.

B.The police searching for him.

12.A.Nobody but Mary and I in the classroom at that time.

B.Only Mary and I in the classroom when Tom entered.

(3)选择填空(分数:35 估时:35分)

1.Maths not easy to learn.

A.is

B.are

2.No news good news.

A.is

B.are

3.Every possible means been tried.

A.has

B.have

4.The police searched every room of the building.

A.has

B.have

5.The students who absent must be criticized.

A.is

B.are

6.The student who late for class found a wallet and handed it in.

A.was

B.were

7.To master the spirit of a foreign language not easy.

A.is

B.are

8.Seeing believing.

A.is

B.are

9.When and where we will have the meeting not been decided.

A.has

B.have

10.Ten miles not a long distance.

A.is

B.are

11.Deer to eat a certain kind of wild roses.

A.likes

B.like

12.A lot of field mice been killed.

A.has

B.have

13.It is you who the right to decide.

A.has

B.have

14.In this class sixty percent of the students girls.

A.is

B.are

15.My parents no less than I glad to see you.

A.am

B.are

C.is

16.Everybody except you to know it.

A.seems

B.seem

17.More than one house burned down during the fire.

A.was

B.were

18.His family all in for sports.

A.goes

B.go

19.The news been heard everywhere.

A.has

B.have

20.Only one percent of the students in the college Party members.

A.is

B.are

21.A third of our students from peasant families.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d23879708.html,es

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d23879708.html,e

22.Tom as well as two of his friends to the concert.

A.was invited

B.were invited

23.Many a girl football.

A.likes

B.like

24.Plastics and rubber never.

A.rots

B.rot

25.What the population of Hongkong?

A.is

B.are

26.There is a plate on the table.The knife and fork beside it.

A.is

B.are

27.Where my trousers?

A.is

B.are

28.The police looking for him.

A.is

B.are

29.A number of the students going to visit the History Museum.

A.is

B.are

30.The number of the girl students in that school smaller than that of the boy students.

A.is

B.are

31.One dollar and eighty—seven cents all Della had.

A.was

B.were

32.What he said and what he did agree.

A.dosen't

B.don't

33.The factory including it′s machine burnt last night.

A.was

B.were

34.The young very active.

A.is

B.are

35.The doctor and scientist to the meeting.

A.was invited

B.were invited

(1)

1.B

2.A

3.B

4.A

5.A

6.A

7.A

8.A

9.A10.B11.B12.B 13.A14.A15.C 16.B17.A 18.B19.A20.B21.A22.B23.A 24.B25.B 26.A27.A28.B

29.A30.A31.B32.B33.A34.A35.A36.B37.B38.A39.B 40.A

(2)

1.are,is

2.is,are

3.is,are

4.is,were

5.is,were

6.have,is

7.am,was8.has,have9.is,are

10.was,were11.is,are12.was,were

(3)

1.A

2.A

3.A

4.B

5.B

6.A

7.A8.A9.A10.A11.B12.B

13.B 14.B15.B16.A17.A18.B

19.A 20.B21.B22.A23.A24.B

25.A26.A27.B28.B29.B 30.A

31.A32.B33.A34.B35.A

(完整版)主谓一致用法总结

主谓一致用法总结 I.主谓一致定义 II.谓语受主语支配，和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。 III.例: My favorite food is noodles. II. 主谓一致的重要原则 ?语法原则 ?意义原则 ?就近一致 （一）语法一致 IV.顾名思义，即谓语在语法角度上与主语保持一致，不考虑主语的意义。 V.以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。例如： 注意：不定式及动名词作主语时，谓语 动词单数。E.g. 2) 由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Both you and he are right. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and writer has written lots of books. The poet and the writer have come. 可通过名词前定冠词来判断。 3) 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Now every man and every woman has the right to receive education. 4) 主语后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，together with 等介词短语时，谓语动词仍用与主语（即前面的词语）保持一致。例如： The teacher with his students is going to have a picnic in the park. The students with the teacher are going to have a picnic in the park. Nobody but two boys was late for class. 5) 集合名词作主语谓语动词要用复数。 如people, police, cattle, clothes等。 集合名词指可用来指称一群对象的词语，这些对象可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。 常见集合名词：people, police, cattle, goods, clothes等。 e.g. The police are looking for him. ?有些集合名词如class, team, group, family 根据其表达意义不同，单复数用法也不同。

五种基本句型及句子成分分析

五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：

汉语句子成分与划分

汉语句子成分与划分歌诀 句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、六种主语： 1、定义：被陈述或被说明的对象。 2、特点：A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。B、一般表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 3、符号：双行线 =。 谓语： 1、定义：用来说明陈述主语。 2、特点：A、经常由动词、形容词充当。 B、一般表示主语“怎么样”或“是什么”。 3、符号：单行线 _。 宾语： 1、定义：表示谓语动词的涉及对象的语言单位。 2、特点：A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。B、一般表示谓语“怎么样”或“是什么”。 3、符号：波浪线 ~ 4、凡能愿动词，如“希望、想、可以、说”等词后面的一般都作宾语处理。 定语： 1、定义；用在主语和宾语前面，起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。 2、特点：A、经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词充当。B、一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。

3、符号：小括号（）。 状语： 1、定义：用在动词、形容词谓语前，起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。 2、特点：A、经常由副词、形容词、动词、表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。B、一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。 3、符号：中括号 []。 补语： 1、定义：谓语后面的附加成分，对谓语起补充说明作用，回答“怎么样”、“多久”、“多少”（时间、处所、结果）之类问题的语言单位。 2、特点：A、经常由动词、形容词副词充当。B、一般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接。 3、符号：单书名号〈〉。 一般完整的句子成分的排列为： 定语（修饰主语）主语状语谓语补语定语（修饰宾语）宾语 句子成分符号：主语 = 谓语－宾语～定语（）状语 [ ] 补语 < > 绕口令 主谓宾，定状补 主干枝叶分清楚 主干成分主谓宾 枝叶成分定状补 定语必居主宾前 谓前为状谓后补 学语文，有口诀: 主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。 定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。 句子成分歌诀: 基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。

第三讲 主谓一致

第三讲主谓一致 概说：“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。 重点：主谓一致的指导原则 难点：主谓一致实际应用 内容： “一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。 1.1 指导原则 主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。 1．语法一致 主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。 Every girl comes on time. Both boys have their own merits. 2．意义一致 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。这种一致关系叫做意义一致。 The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. 3．就近原则 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。 Either my brothers or my father is coming. Only one out of five were present.

英语语法中的9种句子成分

英语语法中的9种句子成分 一.主语Subject “主语”中的“主”是主人、主导的意思。 （一）定义：主语是动作的发出者，通常为一个句子中第一个独立的名词【或名词性结构】。也可以 理解为主语就是句子中说明的人或事物【sb/sth】独立的：即不在短语中、不在从句中 （二）句子中主句的4种形式：1.名词本身2.代 词3.动词-ing/to do形式【注意：做状语的V-ing/to do 结构除外】4.主语从句【即主语是个句子，引导词that 不可省略】 例句：The flower is beautiful. I love you. Teaching English is my job. To teach English today is my job. (补充：动词做主语的-ing形式称为动名词，to do形式称为不定式。前者强调经常性、习惯性，后者强调阶段性、特定性、将来性。) That she is still alive is a wonder. 二.谓语Predicate （一）定义：谓语是主语发出的动作，通常为 主语后的第一个独立的动词【或动词性结构】。也可

以说是用来说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 例句：He is singing.(其中的is是助动词，is singing 才是谓语) He likes singing.(likes是实意动词，所以谓语是likes) 现在分词/过去分词前无助动词的不是谓语。 （三）非谓语动词 有谓语动词，就有非谓语动词。那么，什么是非谓语动词？ 非谓语动词即一个句子中，不是谓语的动词就是非谓语动词。 非谓语的三种形式：1.doing（表主动、进行）2.done动词过去式（表被动、完成）3.to do(表将来) 例句：I saw a girl crying in a car.(crying表明女孩主动在哭并且是正在进行) Beaten by Bob,Tom was very sad.(beaten有两层含义，一是被别人打了，不是自己打的，是被动的。二是已经被打过了。) To become a teacher,you should work hard.(to become a teacher表将来，它与现在有着时间上的顺序)

句子成分和非谓语动词

句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语 一、主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We ofte n speak En glish in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式短语） Smoki ng does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语 从句） It is necessary to master a foreign Ianguage. （it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） It is reported that 5000 people were killed in the earthquake. （it 作形式主 语，真正的主语为后面的主语从句） 二、谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： He practices running every morni ng. （动词或动词短语） You may keep the book for two weeks. （情态动词+V 原） He has caught a bad cold. （助动词+V）

英语句子成分-定语讲解 什么是谓语

句子中用来说明主语的动作或存在的状态的部分，叫谓语。谓语一般位于主语之后，谓语中最重要的部分是谓语动词，它有时态、语态和语气的变化，并受主语人称和数的影响；既然谓语是以动词为中心的，那么，我们研究谓语就从动词入手。（附：△动词） （一）、动词的意义：表示动作或状态。 （二）、动词的用法：1、作谓语动词；2、可以有自己的状语；3、及物动词有自己的宾语。 （三）、动词的分类： 1、行为动词（或实义动词,v.），占动词数量的绝大多数，具有明确的动作意义,行为动词分为不及物动词和及物动词，不及物动词本身词义完整，可以独立作谓语，及物动词本身词义不完整，必须后跟宾语共同作谓语； 2、连系动词(link v.)，起连接主语和表语的作用，本身有一定的词义，但是较弱，它和实意动词一样有时态和语态的变化，也受主语的人称和数的影响。连系动词可分为两大类：1）表示存在的连系动词，如：be，keep，look, smell, taste, sound, feel, remain(仍是，保持), seem(好像)，lie(处于)，appear(呈现)等; 2）表示变化、形成的连系动词，如：become, get, turn, fall（变成），come(实现)，grow(变成)等。 3、助动词(aux v.),用以帮助行为动词和联系动词，构成各种时态、语态、语气，或构成疑问、否定、强调等句子结构；常见的助动词有：be, do, have, will ( shall )。助动词一般无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和行为动词或联系动词共同作谓语动词。注意：上述四个助动词都兼有另外的动词类别，在不同的语境中扮演着不同的角色： be a、助动词，帮助动词的现在分词构成进行时；帮助动词的过去分词构成被动语态； We are running on the playground. The flowers are often watered by me. b、联系动词，表示存在，和它的表语共同构成谓语。 We are ready for the exam. I am in Beijing now. do a、助动词，帮助行为动词构成否定句、疑问句、或对行为动词加以强调。 I don't know the man. I do believe my answer is right. b、行为动词，“做”，例如：do shopping , do homework , do sports …等等。

句子成分及简单句的五大基本句型

简单句的五大基本句型 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 基本句型一、 1.Great changes have taken place . 2.We all breathe, eat and drink. 3.The blind study in special schools. 4.Fighting broke out between the South and North. 5.To tell the truth always pays. 6.What he said doesn’t matter. 以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的主语。主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有名词，代词，数词，形容词化的名词，动名词，不定式，从句等等。谓语动词说明主语的动作和状态。以上例句中，我们不难看出，句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，这些不及物动词可以是单个的动词，也可以是短语。由此，可以归纳出句型一：主语+不及物动词。S+v.( Subject+Verb)基本句型二：

is a teacher.?? best composition is hers. and five is ten. ? is asleep.? father is in.? picture is on the wall.? watch is gone \ missing\ lost.? see is to believe. question is whether they will come.? 以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的表语。表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身分，通常有名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，形容词化的分词，不定式或者表语从句充当。句子中的be 是系动词。由此可以总结出句型二：主语+系动词+表语。S+Link V.+P ( Subject+link verb+Predicate) 本句型中，系动词除了be 之外，还可以是： 1). Several players lay flat on the playground. 2). We should remain modest and prudent any time. 3).The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance. 4).It is getting warmer and warmer. 5).Don't have the food. It has gone bad. 6). The facts prove true.

句子成分有六种

句子成分有六种--主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 第一部分 一、主语、谓语 1、主语多表示人或事物。作为被陈述的对象，在句首能回答"谁"或者"什么"等问题。例如： （1）今天晚上‖特别冷。 主语（偏正短语）谓语 （2）[明天这个时候]，我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。 状语（时间）主语（代词）谓语 以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。例如： （1）笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。 主语（动词）谓语 （2）公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。 主语（形容词联合短语）谓语 2、谓语是对主语的叙述、描写或判断，能回答主语"怎么样"或"是什么"等问题。（1）动词性词语经常做谓语。例如： 他‖[只]答应了<一声>。 主语谓语（状语+动词+补语） 南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。 主语谓语（动词+补语+定语+宾语） 我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>北京。 主语谓语（状+动+补+宾） （2）形容词性词语也经常做谓语。例如： 太阳‖热烘烘的。

主语谓语（形容词+的） 人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。 主语谓语（形容词+补语） 说话‖[要]简洁<些>。 主语谓语（状语+形容词+补语） （3）主谓短语做谓语。例如： 这件事‖大家都赞成。 主语谓语（主谓短语） 任何困难‖她都能克服。 主语谓语（主谓短语） 大家的事情‖大家办。 主语谓语（主谓短语） （4）名词性词语做谓语。这种情况很少见，有一定的条件限制。可参考文言文中的判断句。例如： 鲁迅‖浙江绍兴人。 主语谓语（名词短语） 明天‖教师节。 主语谓语（名词） 她‖大眼睛，红脸蛋。 主语谓语（定中短语，表容貌） 二、动语、宾语 1、动语 动语和宾语是共存的两个成分，没有宾语，就无所谓动语，动语又决定宾语的性质。动语由动词性词语构成。例如：

英语句子成分

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英语语法句子成分分析及练习

如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. （时光飞逝。） 这两句话中分别由代词They ，名词Time 作主语。 主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble. 他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。（从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。 如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs.（他喜欢唱歌。） 这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing （enjoy doing动词短语）作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时，且主语的人称为第三人称。 宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.（我喜欢中国菜。） 这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ，名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语： 有的动词能够接双宾语，直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书） 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语， me 为间接宾语。 又如：My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。)

句子成分和主谓一致

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十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习

十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 6． 形容词： 平级、比较级、最高级 功能：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质

五种基本句型及句子成分的分析

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第二讲：句子成分、简单句、主谓一致

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