初中英语基础语法词性讲解
英语词类概述
Part of speech (word class) --- Introduction -----------(词类概述) 词类(part of speech) ，顾名思义，就是一个词在句子中所担任的角色。换言之，我们何时、在什么位置使用一个单词是由该单词在句子中所扮演的角色决定的。 英语词根据其词义、用法的特点，可分为实词（real word）和功能词（functional word(also called as empty word) (又称虚词)。 一、实词 实词是具有明确意义的词，且大多可以转换成其他词类，数量庞大，而且经常有新词产生。这类词包括：名词（noun）、动词（verb）、形容词（adjective）、副词（adverb）。 例如：interest (n.) 表示兴趣；interest(v.) 使…感兴趣；interesting（adj.）有趣的；interested(adv.) 对…感兴趣的。 例如：surprise (n.) 惊喜、惊奇；surprise(v.) 使…惊奇；surprised(adj.) 对…惊奇的；surprising (adj.) 让人惊奇的；surprisingly(adv.) 让人惊奇地。 实词是词汇的重点，是英语表达语义的骨干。实词在句子中一般要重读。 1.名词（noun） 1.1名词就是事物的名称。 1.2名词根据其性质又可分为： 1.2.1类别名词：表事物的类别，约定俗成的名称。e.g.: man, dog, apple, plant, animal, solid, liquid. 1.2.2物质名词：water, iron, blood, sugar, fat 1.2.3抽象名词：anger, happiness, luck, beauty, anxiety 1.2.4时间名词：day, night, year, month, minute 1.2.5专用名词：人名、地名等。China, William, the White House, the Yellow River 1.3名词存在可数与不可数的差别 1.3.1可数名词：人眼可见单个个体或概念上具有单个个体的非连续性事物一般 可数。如：egg, man, pen, table, job, week, river, color etc. 1.3.2不可数名词：连续性事物、不可见事物一般不可数。如：water, anger, sand, rice, steal, fog, smoke etc. 1.4可数名词存在单数（singular）和复数（plural）两种形式： 1.4.1规则1 （rule1）：一般在单数可数名词后加-s形成复数形式：e.g.: a student/two students; a teacher/three teachers; a card/ four cards 1.4.2规则2（rule2）：以-s/-ss/-sh/-ch/-x结尾的单数可数名词加-es 变复数形 式：e.g.: a bus/two buses; a boss/ three bosses; a brush/two brushes; a watch/four watches; a box/ five boxes 1.4.3规则3（rule3）：以-辅音+y 结尾的单数可数名词，由-y变-i，+es 形成复
2021年初中英语语法知识—形容词的图文解析(1)
一、选择题 1．— What do you think of it? — Oh, I think it's that I have ever seen. A．one of most interesting movie B．one of the most interesting movie C．one of the most interesting movies D．one of most interesting movies 2．The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A．much larger, more crowded B．much more, more crowdedly C．much larger, more crowdedly D．much more, more crowded 3．I looked at a few printers, and among them the one from China was ________ to use. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 4．—Chinese Poetry Competition was one of during the Spring Festival. —I agree with you. I watched it every week. A．more popular shows B．most popular show C．the most popular shows 5．It is_____to point at others with chopsticks during a meal in China． Yes．People will feel uncomfortable if you do so． A．traditional B．impolite C．common D．ancient 6．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 7．Mother’s Day ______ we are looking forward to is coming. We are going to write a letter to our mothers in order to show our best love and thank for their_____ care for us. A．which, 15-year B．when, 15 years’C．that, 15-years 8．Choice is life’s ________ gift. It is the ability to choose some actions from a set of things to achieve a goal. A．greater B．greatest C．the greatest 9．—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A．wonderful B．the most wonderful C．more wonderful 10．—I really like to watch the TV program I AM A SINGER. —Me, too. It’s one of the ________ TV programs I’ve ever seen. A．least boring B．least interesting C．most boring D．most interesting 11．His _______ experience helped him a lot when he met with difficulties. A．comfortable B．natural C．valuable D．surprising 12．I’m _____, and I have a _____sister.
(完整word版)初中英语语法讲解大全,推荐文档
初中英语语法讲解 在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如： 1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos hat---hats bag---bags photo---phot os 2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families 另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep 还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有：a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如： Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。） His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时，意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如， Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays. 初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格 名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况
《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—情态动词的单元汇编附解析
一、选择题 1．—Could you please hang out with me this afternoon? —______. I have to make a plan for Clean-Up Day. A．Sorry, I couldn’t B．Sorry, I can’t C．Sure, I can D．Sure, I could 2．―I can't stop smoking, Doctor. ―For your health, I'm afraid you . A．must B．can C．need D．have to 3．I’ve bought a nice necklace for Jo’s birthday. She _____like it, but I’m not sure. A．can B．may be C．might D．must 4．—Is Wendy in the classroom now? —I’m not sure. She ________ be there. I saw her in the library ten minutes a go. A．may not B．must not C．shall not D．would not 5．—Is that Kate’s green bike? —It ____________be hers. She likes pink. A．can’t B．could C．mustn’t D．might 6．—I can't stop smoking, doctor. —For your health, I'm afraid you ________. A．must B．can C．may D．need 7．—Hi, Lucy, may I sit here? —No, ________. The seats are for teachers and parents. A．you needn't B．you aren't C．you mustn't D．you don't 8．—Tom, we’re going shopping at eight, right? —Yeah, but I ______ be a little late, so don’t wait for me. A．may B．should C．mustn’t 9．—______ you please tell me something about the life in Canada or America? —Sorry, I______. I don’t know either. I’m from Australia. A．Could; couldn’t B．Can; couldn’t C．Could; can’t D．Can; mustn’t 10．You have finished most of the work, so you ____ start working so early tomorrow. You may come at 9 :00. A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．couldn't 11．You should________ the teacher________being late for school. A．apology to, about B．apologize to, for C．apologies to, for D．apologize to, on 12．I’m sorr y, children over 1.4 meters________pay the full price for the show. A．may B．must C．can D．ought to 13．—Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mum? —No, you , my dear. You’re free to make your own decision.
(完整)初中英语代词讲解与专项练习
初中英语语法代词专项练习 三、指示代词（可起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，也可以当形容词用，在句中可作定语） this 这，这个；that 那，那个；these 这些；those 那些。 五、疑问代词（表示疑问，一般放在句首，构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词有：who、whom、whose、what、which） 六、不定代词
用来不指明任何特定的人和物。 不定代词有：some，many，no，any，both，all，every，each，either，neither，another，other（s），much，none ，few，a few ，little ，a little等 复合不定代词：something，anything，nothing等 不定代词的用法。 1,some和any既可以修饰可数名词的复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。Some多用于肯定句中，any则多用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。 2，no表否定，相当于not a 或not any 3,当形容词修饰不定代词时，应位于不定代词之后。 （1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。
初中英语语法知识—情态动词的图文解析(1)
一、选择题 1．— I would like________ to see a movie. —It’s too late. You’d better ________alone. A．to go, go B．go, not go C．to go, not go D．going, go 2．You run with the train when it is coming. It’s dangerous. A．may not B．mustn’t C．needn’t 3．—Must I finish the work today, Mum? —No, you ________.You can finish it tomorrow. A．mustn't B．can't C．shouldn't D．needn't 4．You have finished most of the work, so you ____ start working so early tomorrow. You may come at 9 :00. A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．couldn't 5．—Can we walk across the road now? —No, we . We have to wait until the light turns green. A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 6．—Jenny, you _________ push your way onto the bus. —I’m really sorry about it. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．may not 7．—Can I take some milk and biscuits to the reading room? —No, our school has a rule that students _______ eat or drink there. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not 8．—Tom, we’re going shopping at eight, right? —Yeah, but I ______ be a little late, so don’t wait for me. A．may B．should C．mustn’t 9．—How nice the building is! What is it for? —It ________ a hotel. But I’m not sure. A．must be B．have to be C．may be D．can be 10．—I’d like ________ Guo Jingming’s Tiny Times. —You had better________ his books. The stories he tells are far from real life. A．buying, don’t read B．to buy, not read C．buying, not read D．to buy, not to read 11．—Susan, someone is waiting for you on the phone. It_______ be your sister, but I’m not sure.— Oh, please tell her to call me_______ b ecause I’m busy now. A．might; later B．must; later C．might; late D．must; late 12．—Could you help me download some Taylor Swift’s songs from Ku Gou? —Sorry, people download music from the Internet without paying, because it’s against the law. A．wouldn’t B．ne edn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 13．—Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?
初中英语语法概述
第一讲英语语法概述 英语的十大词类（词性） 一名词noun (n.)，意义：表示人或事物的名称。例词：boy, pencil, book。 二冠词article (art.)，意义：用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。例词：a (an), the。三代词pronoun (pron.)，意义：用来代替名词、形容词或数词。例词：we, one, mine, that, his, what。 四形容词adjective (adj.)，意义：用以描述或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的特征或性质。例词：old, red, fine, good。例句：He is a good boy. 五数词numeral (num)，意义：表示数量或顺序。例词：one, thirteen, first, ninth。 例句：1 three apples.2 He is the first one to get to school in his class 六动词verb (v.)，意义：表示动作或状态。例词：look, go, be(am, is, are)。 例句：She is watching TV. 七副词adverb (adv.)，意义：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词以及全句。例词：not, too, here, often。例句：You are too young. 八介词preposition (prep.)，意义：表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词：in, on, of, to, under。例句：There is a book on the desk. 九连词conjuction (conj.)，意义：用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词：and, or, but。例句：He and me are good friend. 十感叹词interjection (interj.)，意义：表示说话者的喜、怒、哀、乐等情感。例词：oh, hello, hi 例句：Oh，dear! That is impossible. 背诵诀窍：名动形，数冠代，副介连叹。 10种词类之间的修饰关系： 名词、动词为中心，其它词类多数围绕二者转，其中，感叹词比较独立，也易于掌握。 为名词服务的有：形容词，代词，冠词，数词，介词，连词，极少数副词 为动词服务的有：副词，连词 英语句子成分 英语句子成分：组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。 英语的基本成分大概有七种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。其中，句子的主要成分为主语和谓语，在英语句子中一般必须包含主语和谓语。 记忆：主谓宾，定状补表。 一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
初中英语语法 第八讲
2009年英语复习八：状语从句的考点讲解和训练 八、状语从句 【考点直击】 1. 时间状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 3. 原因状语从句 4. 结果状语从句 5. 比较状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8. 地点状语从句 【名师点睛】 用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 (1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词 来引导。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. (2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直 到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在…… 以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops. We won’t start until Bob comes. Don’t get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won’t be late unless he is ill. (3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如： Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 原因状语从句 (1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如： He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
(完整版)初中英语词性的讲解
英语词性 一．名词： 1.含义：表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。 2.分类：专有名词和普通名词 3.普通名词分为可数名词的和不可数名词 可数名词1）可数名词单数表达法：一般可用a/ an 来修饰，表示数量“一”；注意：在辅 音发音开头的单词前用a; 在元音发音开头的单词前用 an ; 2）可数名词有复数形式 3）可数名词用many修饰表“许多” 不可数名词1）不可数名词没有复数形式 2）可数名词用much修饰表“许多” 4.专有名词是表示人、地方、事物等特有的名词，它的第一个字母要大写。如： 人名：Tom，Peter，Mr Yang 地名：Europe，New York，Wanzhou 节日、月份、星期：Christmas，February，Saturday 一般来讲，专有名词前面不用定冠词the。但江河海洋，山脉群岛地理名称前要用定冠词；有两个以上的普通名词组成的专有名词前，一般要用定冠词。 the Yangtze River the Great Wall 二. 代词: 1．含义：用来代替名词或名词短语的词。 2．分类：按意义特征和语法功能可分为人称代词、物主代词等9类。 3.分类讲解： 1) 人称代词 用法口诀: 人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说；主格定把主语作，宾格作宾不会错。 ①主格在句中作主语时，一般放在谓语动词之前： We are good friends. He often plays basketball. ②宾格作宾语。放在及物动词或介词之后，有时在口语中，可以作表语； I don't know her. (动宾） Look at me.(介宾） Open the door, please! It's me. (作表语） ③人称代词并列用法的排列顺序： A：单数人称代词做主语时，排列顺序：第二人称--第三人称--第一人称； 如：You, he and I ; 请翻译：我，你和她都是好朋友。_________________________________ B: 复数人称代词做主语时，排列顺序：第一人称--第二人称--第三人称； 如：We, you and they 请翻译：我们，你们和他们都喜欢音乐。____________________________________ 2) 物主代词 ①物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。 形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语；起形容词的作用，用在名词前。名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，起名词的作用。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 如：Those volleyballs are theirs. = They are their volleyballs.
初中英语语法
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(完整版)初中英语语法大全：动词的概述
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