滨水区景观建设研究_英文_严钰
Study on Waterfront Landscape Construction
YAN Yu ，CHEN Xing
Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources ，Hohai University ，Nanjing ，Jiangsu 210098，China
Abstract Starting from theoretical basis ，the concepts of waterfront area and waterfront scenic area were illustrated．It pointed out that waterfront scenic area was the important component constituting regional public open space ，the image window of the whole region and the significant leisure place to condense popular．By combining specific conditions of the study area ，landscape components of waterfront area had been analyzed from the aspects of natural ，artificial and social cultural elements．In accordance with the lake morphology and waterscape status ，the study area could be divided into three regions ，the landscape status of which was analyzed respectively．And then ，corresponding strategies for landscape design
were proposed ，
so that mutually connected and restricted factors could act together．Finally it could develop their own waterfront landscape ，realize coordinating development of artificial environment and natural elements ，construct living environment integrating with nature ，so as to provide some helps and suggestions for waterfront landscape design．
Key words Waterfront area ，Waterfront landscape ，Landscape components ，Landscape design
Received ：December 10，
2010Accepted ：January 2，2011E-mail ：yanyu05011404@163．com
City generally appeared by water．Waterfront area was al-ways the place developed earliest in a region．Commercial trade at waterfront area was prosperous and people gathered ，communicated ，traded and had all kinds of activities there．Therefore ，waterfront area had gradually been the source area of regional civilization．
Waterfront area was the space for combined action of hu-man and nature．Waterfront landscape was the most vital land-scape pattern．Waterfront landscape had greatly enriched people's visual field and brought beautiful visual landscape．At the same time ，social development and amelioration of eco-nomic condition had made people's life standard improved and their ecological consciousness enhanced．Water was not only precious resource but also excellent landscape ，was of vital significance to regional development．However ，economic de-velopment of waterfront area developed rapidly ，population density was high and the disturbance of human activities to nat-ural ecological environment was strong．With constant acceler-ation of industrialization and urbanization ，aquatic ecosystem of waterfront area had been strongly interfered by human activi-ties．Many problems were waiting to be solved．
1Theoretical basis
1．1Waterfront area Waterfront area was a certain spatial section ，referred to lands or architectures adjacent to river ，lake and sea ，also the area close to waterbodies in cities or towns．It could be divided into waterfront areas close to rivers ，lakes and oceans．Generally speaking ，it was the term for the area linking land and water in cities ，was composed of water area ，water border line and land area ［1］．
Waterfront area was not only the border of land ，but the edge of water as well ［2］．Its spatial scope included water space from 200－300m and its adjacent land space．The induced dis-tance was 1－2km ，amounting to 15－30min of waking dis-tance．It had interesting and natural landscape ，concentrated public activities and abundant historical culture．It also had defi-nite guidance and strong penetrability．It was the public open space integrating natural ecological system and artificial system．
Waterfront landscape was to be constructed between bank area and riverside．In terms of the level of landscape construc-tion ，it was the deepening and continuation of bank landscape ，also had certain control and guidance function to concrete landscape．
1．2Waterfront landscape "Landscape"contained different connotations from the perspective of aesthetics ，geography and
landscape ecology．In the perspective of aesthetics ，
it was sim-ilar to sceneries ，views and sights in people's daily life．From the angle of geography ，landscape was mosaics composed of ecological system ［3］，which existed on earth surface objective-ly ，was the specific manifestation form of surface physical world and a synthesis with certain structure．Landscapes integrated into geosphere and the specific manifestations were land-scapes．From the point of landscape ecology ，XIAO Du-ning
had defined that "landscape was made up of different land units and it was a geological entity with distinct visual characteristic ；it was the medium scale between ecological system and large geological area ，with economic ，ecological and cultural values"［4］．
It could be known from above viewpoints that there was no strict difference in terms of definition of "landscape"and the paper adopted understanding of landscape from the perspective of landscape ecology．That is ，landscape was an aggregation of different ecological systems in space ，of several ecological systems close to each other in space ，relating with each other in function and acting with certain characteristics ［5］．
2General situation of the study area
Nanhudang was seated at Yangcengpian in southwest part of Changshu City where had developed water system．Nanhu-
Editor ：Chan Zhenzhen Proofreader ：Wu Xiaoyan
Journal of Landscape Research 2011，3（1）：38－40，43
dang was the third largest lake of Changshu City．It was zig-zagging and narrow，linking Yuanhe Pond in the east and Wan-gyu River in the west．Suyuzhang Highway and Shatong Road ran through it．Tradition had it that it was possessed by Hua Family of Ming Dynasty，so it was originally named as Huada-ng．As it located at south of Shang Lake，it was called as Nan-hudang（South Lake Dang）［6］．
In history，Nanhudang covered an area of4．73km2，and about376small islands scattered all over the lake．Reeds and weeds grow thickly，a large amount of birds inhabited there and wild ducks searched for foods there in winter．From1960s，the lake beaches and islands had been reclaimed into fields and some of them had been dug into fish pool．Currently，Nanhu-dang covered an area of2．29km2，7．8km long and2.5m deep on average．The lake was narrow and long，and water front was34．3km long（shoreline of islands was3．1km）．Now，there were only dozens of islands left in the lake and the area of islands was0．05km2．
Nanhudang was low in terrain，and elevation was about 2.5－4．0m．The lake was in the shape of waning moon，zig-zagging and like sawtooth．Due to reclamation at the peripheral area of the lake，fish pond covered an area of3．93km2，around which were farming fields and grass lands，pretty and beautiful．The study area included the main body of Nanhudang and the area within500m along the lake．
3Study content
Through analysis on landscape components of Nanhu-dang，advantages and disadvantages were proposed and then landscape design of Nanhudang was discussed．Finally，in view of advantages and existing problems，measures for land-scape design and treatment were put forward．
3．1Landscape components Waterfront area was the prima-ry landscape and observing place．Its environment was compli-cated and diversified，composed of many factors which acted together，correlated and restricted mutually．Landscape com-ponents of waterfront area could be divided into three aspects：natural factors，artificial factors and social cultural factors［7－9］．3．1．1Natural factors．Natural factor was the real environment of waterfront landscape，the trait factor constituting waterfront landscape，containing water，terrain，weather，animals and plants［10］．
Water was valuable natural resource，the most basic factor of waterfront landscape，and also the most expressive factor．To beautify waterscape，it should demonstrate artistic beauty of water，and emphasize the contrast between softness of water and rigidity of shoreline，and between dynamics and statics of water．It could create spatial interest by aid of water sound and color．
Under internal and external forces of the earth，sandy beach，marsh，grass slope，forest had formed，which had pro-vided good basis for construction of waterfront landscape．Meanwhile，gentle slope，mountains and cliffs had offered best viewpoints for landscape observing．
Wind，cloud，rain，snow，frost and fog，and the sun，the moon and stars in the sky had constituted weather．When they combined with water，infinite vitality would be instilled into natu-ral landscape．The mist above river，lake and sea had added sense of mystique and indistinct vitality．
Animals and plants decided the structure of water ecologi-cal system，and also severely affected its surrounding environ-ment．As waterfront area was the intersection between water ecological system and land ecological system，it had presented ecological diversity with abundant species．
3．1．2Social cultural factors．Successful waterfront landscape construction must be distinctive．It should integrate into social environment，and a waterfront place should be created within certain region，which had poetic prospect，with unique national style and heavy rural atmosphere．During waterfront landscape construction，it should deeply study the relationship between nature and social cultural landscape，and then the uniqueness of this spatial landscape could be manifested．Landscape uniqueness was the core factor constituting waterfront land-scape，also the spirit of characteristic，reflection of life of its re-gion，deposit of years，expression of culture and condense of nationality．Waterfront landscape of this type was the real space close to water and could arouse resonance of observers．3．1．3Artificial factors．Waterside show，architectural inter-face，waterscape furniture，landmarks and other artificial facili-ties were main factors constituting landscape．They were the finishing touch of artificial factors acting on natural factors，and the handicrafts reflecting profound cultural connotation and im-proving charm of natural waterscape［11］．
Water area was the largest element of regional feature of waterfront．All kinds of sceneries showed at waterside could give people profound impression．The most effective instrument for waterside show was boat，and next beacon and sculpture．The mermaid sculpture symbolizing Copenhagen，the capital of Denmark，had even been the symbol of the city．
Waterfront architecture was the vital component of river space．It was not only the leisure place for people appreciating landscape along the river，but one part of river space land-scape itself equally．Due to mirror effect of water surface，ar-chitectures could form beautiful images in water，enriching the level and color of water space，forming contrast between real and unreal entity．The unevenness of architectural elevation had enclosed spaces with different heights and widths with wa-ter surface，providing people with experience of different scales．The decoration style of architecture had been the oppo-site scenery of both banks of river．
Waterscape furniture contained boards，signboards，ad-vertisement and light box hanging on waterfront architectures；functional facilities at riverbank，like railings and stools；ancient heritages at riverside with heavy cultural feature，such as walls，stone tablets，towers and memorial archways；all of which had satisfied use function and meanwhile added life and cultural atmosphere，and vitalized environment．
Landmark was the symbol of one region．It was convenient for people to identify positions and directions，also helpful for
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YAN Yu et al．Study on Waterfront Landscape Construction
formation of recognizable waterfront composition．The signifi-cance of landmark lied in that it gave people the first impression of the city ，or helped to identify directions or to set off the per-sonality and characteristic of waterfront area ［12］．
3．2Analysis of landscape current situation In accordance with lake pattern and waterscape current situation ，it could be known that there existed great difference between each section of landscape factor of Nanhudang．Therefore ，three sections of Nanhudang could be divided （Fig．1）and they would be ana-lyzed
respectively．
Fig．1Sections of Nanhudang
3．2．1The first section．Water quality of this section was good and natural factors were quite abundant．There existed some natural wetlands ，beautiful pastoral sceneries ，but the lake was narrow．
3．2．2The second section．The section belonged to traditional agricultural farming area ，with rich natural factors ，pretty rural scenery ，tranquil and limpid lake ，and some scattered islands．Its surrounding natural environment was also good and the lake was wider．Social cultural factor was the chief characteristic of this section and by combining some artificial factors ，the sec-tion would be the most potential area．
3．2．3The third section．It was the eastern section with con-centrated chemical plants．Natural factors had been destroyed ，and water had been seriously polluted ，low in quality．The nearby area of refuse landfill belonged to ecological sensitive area．High industrialization had made artificial factors the main factors of landscape construction in this section．
As for the whole Nanhudang ，water culture and native fea-ture were common characteristics of the three sections．
3．3Landscape design Each section of Nanhudang water-front area should coordinate with scenery belt along the lake ，match with the overall image of Changshu City ，but also high-light the personality and natural geological condition of each section ，which was the main basis for division of landscape ec-ological sections．After the positioning of each section ，it should fully exert favorable conditions to satisfy different func-tional requirements ，and then by combining specific conditions of each section ，it would design different landscapes．There was no definite dividing line between each landscape section and its space．They usually integrated into one unity．
3．3．1The first section．Lake of this section was quite nar-row ，and it distributed ponds and fields at both banks ，also
some residences．Lake of this section should be expanded ，which ，on the one hand ，was beneficial for sedimentation of mud and sands from Wangyu River ；and on the other hand ，conducive to passing of boats．As to wetlands at both banks ，it should protect existing wetland ecological system ，recover nat-ural feature of wetland．At wide area ，it could establish some small wetland parks．What's more ，in plant landscape design ，it should consider inhabiting conditions for different birds and seasonal features of migrating birds．For example ，at one side of lake ，it should plant less large arbors ，so as to provide birds with space to fly and land．
3．3．2The second section．Lake of this section had good wa-ter quality ，and belonged to traditional farming area ，with good surrounding landscape and natural environment．The scenery was pleasant ，the lake was clear and limpid ，and the lake sur-face was tranquil ，scattered with some islands．By making use of pastoral landscape ，natural ecology and local environmental resources ，people could be offered with a place to have leisure tourism ，understand rural area and experience rural life through agricultural operation activities ，farming ，forestry ，husbandry and fishing production ，rural culture and rural life．In addition ，it could develop green ecological waterfront tourist programs on these islands ，so that people could be close to water ，highlight-ing the core expressive force of water in overall landscape tourism．
3．3．3The third section．This section was ecological sensitive area ，with dense chemical plants．The water had been terribly polluted．Besides ，water at nearby area of refuse landfill had been affected．So it should pay close attention to bank protec-tion．It suggested digging pond deep to make sure that it was separated with lake ，and constructing green belt at intensive ar-ea of chemical plants to protect lake water．As for water having been polluted ，it should conduct pertinent treatment and pre-vent other parts of lake from being polluted．
4Conclusions
Development of modern society had brought people all kinds of convenience ，but at same time ，produced dramatic de-crease of living environmental quality．Waterfront area lent peo-ple colorful individual life ，but meanwhile lost its unique charm．As the public space with most vitality and heavy historical cul-tural atmosphere ，it had gradually lost its landscape function due to some historical factors and deviation of design concept．Waterfront landscape design was the core issue of modern ur-ban construction．Through discussion and analysis in the study ，it hoped to provide some helps and suggestions．
References
［1］WANG JG．City design ［M ］．Nanjing ：Southeast University Press ，
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（To be continued in P43）
04Journal of Landscape Research 2011
theories and technologies of forest landscape planning and de-sign are used in wider fields ，which greatly improves the sus-tainability of the whole global ecosystem ，as well as the aes-thetic value of all systems．
4Conclusions and suggestions
Forest not only guarantees the sustainable development of
human beings and the ecological balance ，but also is a signifi-cant field of aesthetic studies and appreciation．Its significance brings complexity and diversity of researches ，to enhance its
contribution to global landscape ，
studies on the comparison and unification of expression languages of ecology and visual land-scape should be devoted more efforts to facilitate ecosystem design ，and on the other hand ，propaganda about forest aes-thetics and general knowledge of ecology should also be en-hanced to help the public know more about forest and encour-age the public and forestry workers to contribute more in the visual construction and ecological construction of forest．
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18．
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——联系生态学和美学黄才1，康树珍
2（1．天津市公路处，天津300354；2．天津市河西区园林管理局，天津300201）
作者简介黄才（1977－），男，甘肃威武人，硕士，中级工程师，从事园林绿化研究。
收稿日期2010-12-02修回日期
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2011-01-02（Continued from P40）
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．
滨水区景观建设研究
严钰，陈星
（河海大学水文水资源学院，江苏南京210098）
作者简介严钰（1987－），女，江苏南通人，硕士研究生，研究方向：水文学及水资源，
E-mail ：yanyu05011404@163．com 。收稿日期2010-12-10修回日期2011-01-02．
3
4HUANG Cai et al．Forest and Landscape
园林常用中英文对照-自己整理
项目背景分析PrｏjｅcｔBackgrounｄ 1.1 规划用地分析Analysis ｏｆｌａnd use plaｎniｎｇ 1。2区位及项目背景分析Locａｔiｏn and pｒojeｃｔbackgｒound １、3 场地现状分析Vｅnues sｉtｕａtiｏｎaｎalysis 1。4 项目定位Ｐｒoject orｉｅntatｉon １、5 项目设计说明deｓｃriｐtｉｏn of project ｄesign 总图部分Ｇeneral Plａn seｃtｉon ２.1 总平面图geｎerａl plaｎ/ｌayｏuｔ ２.2 总平面示意图tｏtａｌschematic plan 2。3 功能分区与交通分析图Funｃtional zｏｎiｎg anｄtraｆfic analyｓiｓchaｒt 分区大样部分Larｇｅpartｓoｆthe parｔition ｓaｍplｅ ３、１设计手法展示Desigｎtecｈniques 3。２参考意向Ｉnｔｅｎtion 3。3 主入口部分节点放大意向图Maiｎentrance noｄe amplｉfｙintｅntｉｏn 3、4 次入口部分节点放大意向图Ｐartｔime entrａnｃe nodｅeｎｌargement intenｔiｏｎ ３.5 景观元素意向图The elemeｎts of landsｃape intention 3。6 植物配置分析Plａnt coｎfｉｇｕration anａlｙsis 3。７植物配置意向图Ｐｌaｎｔcｏnｆiguｒatｉon inｔeｎtion 儿童嬉水池Cｈildren Water Play 特色凉亭/栏杆/雕塑/灯笼/景墙Tyｐicａl/Ｆｅaturｅ［Pavilｉoｎ/Ｆence/Ｓcul ｐturｅ/Ｌanterｎ／Ｗall 木质平台WｏodeｎＰlatｆoｒm 棋牌活动中心Bｏaｒd Games Area 汀步Sｔep Stoｎe 木平台Wood Deck 草坪Lawｎ 功能分区图Ｆunctional Zonｉｎｇ 交通分析图Tｒａfｆic Aｎａlysiｓ 标高分析图LeveｌAnaｌyｓiｓ 景观节点图Nｏdes Analysiｓ 剖面图Sｅctiｏn 主入口Main Entrance 次入口ＳeｃｏｎdarｙEntrancｅ 人行道Sideｗaｌｋ 车行道Dｒiveway 观景方向/视线方向ＤiｒecｔiｏｎＯf Vieｗ 视线轴线View Coｒridor 绿化缓冲带Green Buffeｒ 保安亭Guard House 中心广场CenｔｒaｌＰlａza 停车场区Ｐａｒkｉng Area 用地红线ＳiｔｅLimiｔｓ 游客中心VisitoｒCeｎｔer
滨水规划优秀设计案例
滨水规划优秀设计案例 篇一：滨水植物景观优秀设计案例分析 滨水植物景观优秀设计案例分析 四川内江市谢家河湿地公园及甜城湖滨水植物景观 驳岸在滨水植物景观建设中发挥着重要作用，是水陆过渡的主要界面。我们可以根据不同的驳岸形式设计出不一样的滨水植物景观，所以驳岸可以决定植物景观营造的形式和规模。内江谢家河湿地公园的驳岸设计是一大亮点，虽为人工打造但主要用石材和少量混凝土堆砌而成，最终以卵石缓坡入水，这种设计既承担了重要的防洪功能，又巧妙地柔化了河岸，保留自然水体的特点，尽可能的提高了人们亲水的可能性。与之对应的植物设计，则采用自然式水体的配置方式。设计使用了丰富的乡土滨水植物，河岸两边种植了柳树，形成整体骨架，周围配置紫叶李、木芙蓉等开花树种，再依次向水体方向配以美人蕉、万年青、迎春等花灌木以及菖蒲、再力花、鸢尾等水生植物，并将它们按照自然群落的结构设计，以乔、灌、草的结合方式，形成了具有物种多样性、景观异质性、多层次的生态景观带。见图3-1 图1 内江市谢家河湿地公园 采用大量乡土树种是内江甜城湖湖岸植物种植设计的特色，根据实地调查发现，共有木本植物约80种，其中乡土树种或是已经驯化了的树种达50种以上。其中常绿乔
木有桉树、杜英、女贞、枇杷、大叶榕、小叶榕、香樟等；落叶乔木有合欢、枫杨、二乔玉兰、鹅掌楸、梨、梅、毛白杨、构树、无患子、桃花、刺槐、梧桐、垂柳、银杏等；常绿灌木有枸骨、杜鹃、海桐、夹竹桃、金边黄杨、春羽、石楠、法国冬青、山茶、狭叶十大功劳、阔叶十大功劳、南天竹等；落叶灌木有紫荆、蜡梅、紫薇、贴梗海棠、木芙蓉等；藤蔓植物有紫藤、爬山虎、迎春、多头蔷薇等；竹类植物有紫竹、早园竹、小琴丝竹、黄金间碧竹等；水生植物有再力花、鸢尾、菖蒲、水葱等。 这样的植物配置既保证了湖岸景观的观赏特性，又能更快、更好地实现社会经济效益，充分体现了植物景观设计中的自然生态原则。见图3-2、3-3、 3-4 图2内江市甜城湖湖岸植物景观（1） 图3内江市甜城湖湖岸植物景观（2） 图4内江市甜城湖湖岸植物景观（3） 甜城湖湖岸植物种植造景的另一特色就是观赏和实用并重，充分发挥植物群落的生态效应。整个甜城湖湖岸拥有贯穿全境的亲水步行道、石板步行道和自行车道，并与种类、大小、姿态、色彩和疏密不同的植物群落像珍珠项链般者串连起来，创造出与众不同的视线效果和感受，形成了一个优美、和谐、具有可持续发展的滨水景观。见图3-5
景观专业英语大汇总
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上海市外滩滨水区城市设计方案
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滨水景观设计说明
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间案例研究 滨水城市空间案例研究 滨水城市空 AOA DESIGN GROUP INC.
案例一：温哥华城南南部滨水区空间设计
温哥华南 z 指标 Fast Facts z Yaletown面积: 50公顷 z False Creek北部面积: 80 公顷 :130 z总面积: 130公顷 z绿地面积: 20公顷 z海岸线长度: 3公里 z平均容积率: >3.0 :90m x z平均地块规模: 90m x 180m (16,000m2 approx) z平均住宅地块规模: 280m2- 3,250m2 z地区人口规模: 23,000 approx z近期住宅销售价格: 93m2 (1,000ft2) = USD394,000 (i.e. USD4,240 per m2) 南部滨水区现状
历史背景History 本区域历 原来是木材加工地区，然后服装仓储区，接着成为地铁总站，再成为86届世界博览会会址。 在世界博览会之后此区域成 为一个亮点，80年代后期 开始了区域改造，许多传统的建筑物被保留或重新利用 历史背景
本地区现阶 z 流行的现代都市滨水社 z商业区混合了高中低档 以及五星级酒店 z独特但功能混合的建筑 活类型选择 拥有完善的步行慢跑 z拥有完善的步行、慢跑 z具有特色的景观、照明 z大量的码头停泊设施以 z附近社区和历史地铁展 z为步行者提供的交通、 z公园贯穿整个城市，通 活动场所 z以运动为主题的公园， 很少的建筑；提供了都 z公园提供了非常舒适的 z住宅区和公园中布置了 z公园面向户外景观，提 105 z10.5米宽的断断续续的 阶段发展状况 社区包含了居住区、商务区、餐饮、零售精品店、艺术长廊 档饭店、高科技公司、家具店、艺术长廊、汽车公司展示区 筑，提供从艺术型阁楼到现代滨水公寓的多种混合的居住生 跑单车和宠物散步设施的户外生活方式 跑、单车和宠物散步设施的户外生活方式。 明、艺术装饰品和连续的绿地空间。 以及称为“Aqua Bus”的为游览者服务的轮渡 展览中心用于支持当地的艺术文化和休闲活动 展览中心用于支持当地的艺术、文化和休闲活动。 户外座椅和其他活动设施随处可见。 通过滨水的步行道连接，后者是步行、慢跑和自行车的主要 用于团队活动和孩子玩耍；用于休闲活动的公园其中布置 都市生活方式的绿洲 的环境和钢筋水泥的建筑群中一些独特的景观视点 了商业区，其中有超市、饭馆、银行、诊所、健身房、 提供一览无余的水景视野 的滨水步行道和自行车道向市区延伸
常用的建筑景观英文翻译(全)
常用的景观英文 1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN ) 2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN ) 3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR. 4.水景WATER FEATURE 5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE 6.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-1 7.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING) 8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN 9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA 10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE 11.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-2 12.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE 13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE 14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE 15.休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER ) 16.休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER ) 17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE 18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD 19.儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND 20.旱冰道SLIDE 21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT 22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE 23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN 24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN 25.观景台VIEWING DECK 26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL 27.极可意JACUZZI 28.嬉水池WADING POOL 29.儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL 30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING WALL 31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE 32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA 33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA 34.桥BRIDGE 35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA 36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMATION 37.停车场PARING AREA 38.特色花架TRELLIS 39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL
国内外城市滨水绿地景观设计
国内外城市滨水绿地景观设计 水，是生命之源，孕育着人类文明。城市伴随着人类文明产生，是人类文明的重要组成部分。纵观城市发展史，聚落的形成往往与水源种类与形式的河流、海洋、湖泊有密切的关系，中国古代堪舆著作《平洋全书》中有: “依山者甚多，亦需有水，可通舟楫，而后可建”的构城理论。历来濒临江海、湖泊、河流的区域以其便捷的交通、优越的自然环境成为建城设市的首选地带。 1 城市与滨水区发展进程
水体在城市中有着举足轻重的地位，城市滨水绿地是城市开放空间的重要组成部分。首先，城市水系多呈集中式面状、条带状分布，通常影响着城市的肌理结构。其次，滨水绿地是城市与水体的过渡带和连接带，是串联城市中呈斑块状分布绿地的纽带，往往成为城市的景观轴线、生态廊道、文化廊道，在提高城市环境质量、构筑地域景观特色、形成城市意象、促进城市空间结构完善等方面有着很大的价值。第三，因滨水绿地处于水陆的过渡区，是人工环境与自然环境的交接地带，生态的复杂性和敏感性与城市功能的复合性使得城市滨水绿地的建设应当慎重对待。 城市与水体的关系在城市发展进程中变得错综复杂，城市因水或兴或衰的例子不胜枚举。在城市的发展过程中，城市水环境遭到不同程度的破坏，主要体现在以下几个方面: 1) 城市规模的不断扩大，使那些邻近城市的水体逐渐被城市包围，与之俱来的是城市滨水区的高强度开发，继而导致城市滨水区的逐渐衰落，成为城市发展的阻碍区和盲区。 2) 高度紧张的城区用地问题突显，侵占或填埋水域作为建设用地，城市蓝线与其他城市用地控制线组织混乱，城区水面面积急剧减少。以徐州为例，市区水面率由20 世纪60 年代的5．8%下降到了2004 年的3．5% 左右，近年来还在不断下降，河流存在严重的填埋、覆盖的情况。
滨水景观的设计特色
滨水景观的设计特色 ?作者：王玥富楷来源：点击量：47 更新时间：2011-10-12 9:49:00 ?在青岛市政府工作报告中,青岛高新区发展目标定位为“体制机制创新的先行区、高新产业的集聚区、生态文明的示范区”,担负着建设青岛第三代生态科技新城的使命。这座承载众多期待的未来生态科技之城,不仪要寻找战略性新兴产业成长的新路径,还要探索新城发展的新模式,为城市发展开拓全新的空间。那么对于高新区景观设计来说，充分发掘滨水空间对高新区的城市价值和在功能及形象上的定位，是景观设计创新的基本出发点。古希腊哲学家亚里士多德曾说：“人们为了生活，聚居于城市；人们为了生活得更好，居留于城市”。本文以青岛高新区咸水湖景观设计为例，将打造活力滨水空间的作为设计目标。 1 设计背景 1.1项目区位 青岛高新区咸水湖位于高新区核心区，毗邻红岛连接线和墨水河入海口生态湿地，区域位置重要，是城市绿化景观体系中重要的节点。规划面积约57万平米，其中陆地面积约26万平方米，水面约31万平方米。 1.2上位规划 根据《青岛高新技术产业新城区总体规划》（2008-2020 年），结合生态水系网络、道路绿化和城市生活设施布局，规划在新城区内重点建设羊毛沟滨水公园带、滨海湿地公园带和6处大型城市公园，并按国家规范标准配套组团级、居住区级公园。
其中咸水湖公园是围绕咸水湖周边建设以游憩、休闲为主的城市生活性公园，同时结合滨水岸线建设中小行游艇码头等设施，联系河口地区和胶州湾。 根据《青岛高新技术产业新城区总体规划》（2008-2020 年），水系布局规划将培育形成“一带、一轴、两湖、三环、多廊道”的水系形态结构，营造“一湾环抱、水脉相融”的生态景观。其中： 一带——疏通高新技术产业新城区与红岛交界处水系，形成水系景观带。 一轴——沿羊毛沟水系形成城市发展轴。 两湖——中央泻湖与咸水湖。 三环——结合盐田改造，沿三个岛群周边形成环状水系。 多廊道——高新技术产业新城区内部形成多条水系景观廊道。 上层规划确定了核心区2个重要的休闲中心。一是以中央智力岛为核心形成高新区的商务休闲中心；二是以咸水湖环境为依托形成城市生活休闲中心，是满足居民和商务人士生活休闲、假日娱乐等需求的重要的城市节点。 2 设计理念
景观规划设计专业英文术语
保留地 reserved land 步行街 pedestrian street 仓储区 warehouse district 仓储用地 warehouse land 城市（城镇） city 城市布局 urban layout 城市道路面积率 urban road area ratio 城市道路网 urban road network 城市道路网密度 density of urban road network 城市道路系统 urban road system 城市对外交通 intercity transportation 城市发展方向 direction for urban development 城市发展目标 goal for urban development 城市发展战略 strategy for urban development 城市防洪 urban flood control 城市防洪标准 flood control standard 城市防洪工程 flood control works 城市防空 urban air defense 城市防灾 urban disaster prevention 城市防震 earthquake hazard protection 城市给水 water supply 城市给水工程 water supply engineering
城市给水系统 water supply system 城市工程管线综合 integrated design for utilities pipelines 城市功能分区 functional districts 城市供电电源 power source 城市供电系统 power supply system 城市供热系统 district heating system 城市规划 urban planning 城市规划法规 legislation on urban planning 城市规划管理 urban planning administration 城市规划建设管理 urban planning and development control 城市规划区 urban planning area 城市规划用地管理 urban planning land use administration 城市规模 city size 城市化 urbanization 城市化水平 urbanization level 城市环境保护 city environmental protection 城市环境污染 city environmental pollution 城市环境质量 city environmental quality 城市环境质量评价 city environmental quality assessment 城市基础设施 urban infrastructure 城市集中供热 district heating 城市建成区 urban built-up area
浅析城市滨水区景观设计
浅析城市滨水区景观设计 摘要城市依水系而发展，滨水地区往往是一个城市发展最早的地区。滨水区商业贸易繁荣,人们聚集、交往、贸易、停驻各种活动相当频繁,因此滨水区逐渐成为城市的诞生地、文明的起源点。在这里以滨水区为对象，以新的观念审视城市中这份宝贵的资源，创造出丰富而多样的城市滨水生态景观，并提出遵从自然的系统化设计途径。 关键词：滨水区资源景观设计 Abstract:City develops along with the water system and the development of waterfront areas are often the first areas of the development of a city. Its prosperity of the commercial trade promotes the frequent occurrences of such human activities as people’s gathering, exchange, trade and dock over there, thus making it gradually become the birthplace of the city and its civilization. As a precious resource, urban waterfront areas will be surveyed in this essay with a new perspective. Based on a further research on the diversity of urban waterfront area ecological landscape, design in accordance with nature, the only
潍坊滨海经济开发区中央商务区滨水区域景观规划设计(没图)
潍坊滨海经济开发区中央商务区滨水区域景观 规划设计（没图） 潍坊滨海经济开发区中央商务区滨水区域景观规划设计 说明 一、项目概况 1、项目背景 潍坊滨海经济开发区原为大家洼镇，1958年及1986年，国家在境内分别兴建山东羊口盐场和山东潍坊纯碱厂两大国有企业，20世纪90年代，两大企业实行跨行业联合，1995年8月15日，以山东潍坊海洋化工集团总公司为依托，成立潍坊海洋化工高新技术产业开发区，面积283平方公里（大家洼镇、海化集团总面积）。2002年9月12日，山东省人民政府批准为省级高新技术产业开发区。20xx年12月，通过国家发改委审核，评定为省级开发区，并定名为山东潍坊滨海经济开发区。2021年3月，央子镇并入山东潍坊滨海经济开发区，陆域面积为616平方公里。 2、自然地理概况 1、地理位置 维坊中央商务区位于滨海经济开发区中央地带，南靠寒亭区，北面濒临渤海莱州湾，东以虞河为界与昌邑市接壤，西临寿光市，陆域总面积3平方公里。
2、地质地貌 规划区域地处潍坊市北部沿海，原为晒盐区；其地势较平坦，总的地势西南高，东北低，南北方向平均坡度1/5000～ 1/10000，东西方向在一条水平线上。最高海拔3.5～3.7m，是第四系全新统的海积地层，属海岸地貌。在3m等高线以上属近海浅平洼地，3m以下是滨海滩地，系高潮水位淹没地带。1.2m以下为海岸线，为粉砂淤泥质海岸。 3、气候特征 地处北温带，又在东亚季风区内，西靠亚洲大陆，北临渤海莱州湾，形成冬冷夏热、四季分明的大陆性季风气候。其特点是春季温暖干燥、风多雨少，夏季炎热多雨，秋季天高气爽、冬季风寒干冷。 3、设计范围、内容 本次方案规划范围总面积约3平方公里，内容包括沿白浪河岸线景观设计、滨水区域景观规划、广场概念性景观设计。 - 1 - 4、现状分析与评价 目前，维坊中央商务区尚未开发利用，其地块原为大片晒盐区，均为填海整平区域；在对中央商务区进行实地考察的情况下，我们得出以下评价结论： 优势：
风景园林景观设计专业英语.doc
园林学landscape architecture，garden architecture 园林garden and park 绿化greening，planting 城市绿化urban greening，urban planting 城市绿地urban green space 公园绿地public park 公园park 儿童公园children park 动物园zoo 植物园botanical garden 墓园cemetery garden 盆景园penjng garden，miniature landscape 盲人公园park for the blind 花园garden 历史名园historical garden and park
风景名胜公园famous scenic park 纪念公园memorial park 街旁绿地roadside green space 带状公园linear park 专类公园theme park 岩石园rock garden 社区公园community park 生产绿地productive plantation area 防护绿地green buffer，green area for environmental protection 附属绿地attached green space 居住绿地green space attached to housing estate，residential green space 道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square 屋顶花园roof garden 立体绿化vertical planting 风景林地scenic forest land
城市滨水区景观设计――从自然角度分析要点
城市滨水区景观设计——从自然角度分析 城市滨水区景观设计——从自然角度分析 上传:老四时间：2005-5-8 阅读：164 次 自从20 世纪60 年代美国著名景观规划师麦克·哈格提出“设计遵从自然”的景观规划理论并进行了大量的设计实践以来，尊重自然过程、依从自然过程的设计理念和方法已经被国际城市设计和景观设计界普遍接受和应用。 1 城市滨水区——城市与自然共同作用的地带 城市滨水区是指“城市范围内水域与陆地想接的一定范围内的区域，其特点是水与陆地构成环境的主导要素。”它是城市中自然因素最为密集，自然过程最为丰富的地域，同时这里人类活动与自然过程共同作用最为强烈的地带之一。 水滨空气环流过程，河流水文及地貌过程，水滨生物过程是发生在滨水地区最基本和最重要的三种自然过程，也是对城市等人类聚居环境质量影响最大的三种自然作用力。因此，城市滨水区的规划设计应该深入了解以上三类自然过程，挖掘出与之适应的各种自然形式，并制定出具体规划和设计的策略。 我们首先从对未受人工干扰的自然状态的滨水地带的分析入手，探索三种自然过程和对应的自然形式之间存在的适应和契合关系。 2 滨水区的自然过程与自然形式 2.1 滨水区空气环流自然过程 在滨水地区，由于水陆下垫面的不同，对太阳辐射的吸收与反射程度异不同，大面积的水体吸收和存储了大量的太阳辐射能。由于水体的热容大于陆地，其升温和降温速度都远远慢于陆地，从而在两者上部出现空气环流，产生我们通常在水边都能感到的凉爽、清新、湿润的“水陆风”。滨水区水陆之间的这种空气环流过程通过把太阳辐射热转化为潜热，减弱了地面温度的骤变，发挥了天然空调器的作用。对于夏季和底纬度地区，这种气候过程正是水滨区别于其他地区的最为明显的一个气候优势。另一方面，无论是河流、水库、还是湖泊、海湾，朝向水面方向的水滨空间都呈开敞形式，正好适应并促进了水陆之间的空气交换过程。 2.2 滨水区生物自然过程 河流滨水地带是典型的生态交错带。两种不同类型的自然环境的交界地区被生态学家称为生态交错带（Ecotong），这里物质、能量的流动与交换过程非常频繁，因此生物多样性和生产力很高，河流滨水地带处于水陆交界边缘，正是典型的生态交错带；与这种生态过程相适应，水滨的植被表现为物种丰富、结构复杂的自然群落形式。