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北京概况导游词

北京概况导游词
北京概况导游词

北京概况导游词

导游词是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词,是导游员同游客交流思想,向游客传播文化知识的工具,也是应用写作研究的文体之一。

北京概况导游词各位游客们,我们现在来到的是世界上最大的城市中心广场,天安门广场,面积达到了44万平方米,而且北京在世界上的地理位置就是以广场的经纬度(东经:116°23′17″,北纬:39°54′27″)来确定的,。它坐落在北京市中心,一直注视着北京自古至今的历史变革。在明代,这里曾叫做承天门广场,出现了T型广场,当然,现在已经没有了。清代的时候才改为现在的天安门广场。在辛亥革命以后,天安门广场成了最好的群众运动集结地,著名的五四运动,一二九学生运动等等就是在这里发生的。而在这里最著名的事件,相信大家一定知道,那就是在1949.10.1的开国大典,当时这里聚集了30万人,共同来庆祝新中国的成立。解放以后,将T型广场拆除,建了人民英雄纪念碑,人民大会堂和历史博物馆,革命博物馆等大型建筑。而在76年,主席去世后,在原来中华门的位置上建立起了主席纪念堂,从而形成了广场今天的建筑格局。而在国庆50周年的时候,天安门广场经历了一系列的整修,使广场更加美丽壮观整洁。各位一定很向往我所描述的天安门广场,没有关系,在接下来的游览过程,我将向大家一一介绍。

明代永乐年间,这里叫做承天门,只是一个木牌坊,取“承天启运,受命于天”之意。可是明代的时候被烧毁了,后来修建了面阔九间,进深五间的城楼,真正体现了帝王的九五之尊。但是明朝末年,又被毁了。而在清顺治年间,重修城楼以后,改名为天安门,将另外的三个皇城门儿都改名为带安字的,将故宫三大殿都改名为带和字的,体现了内和外安的美好愿望。这就是我们现在所看的城楼,它由城基、城台、城楼三个部分组成。基座是汉白玉须弥座,这是我国古代最高等级的基座,高1.59米。城台高14.6米。而城楼重檐歇山顶,这也是当时殿宇屋顶的最高等级。整座建筑高33.7米,在70年重修后,升高了一米。

这座建筑等级非常高的城楼,它的作用也同样非常重要。明清时候,凡是遇到国家大典,都要在城楼上举行“金凤颁诏”的仪式,(就是颁诏时,在城楼正中堞口设宣诏台。宣诏后,用黄丝线机上一只木雕金凤,金凤口中衔着诏书顺墙而下,礼部官员用朵云盘接住,然后放入龙亭,颂到礼部,随后颁布天下。)而且每当皇帝出宫祭祀的时候,这里是必经之路。对于新中国最重要的时刻也是这里产生的,主席就是在天安门城楼上庄严宣告新中国成立,并且亲自生气了新中国第一面五星红旗。在城楼上挂的主席画像,在每年国庆之前都要更换一次。

在天安门城楼前面的这一条河,被称为金水河。那这里为

什么被称为金水河呢?因为这条河是从北京的西北方向被引过来的,而在阴阳五行中,西属金,北属水,所以这条河命名为金水河,而河上的7座汉白玉桥,就是金水桥。其中最旁边的这两座桥叫做公生桥,分别对应着太庙和社稷坛,也就是现在的劳动人民文化宫和中山公园。而中间的这座是御路桥,是皇帝皇后专用的,它旁边的两座是皇族桥,供宗室王公行走,在旁边的两座是品级桥,只有三品以上的官员才可以通过。

在金水桥前面,左右各有一个石狮子。左边的是雄师,右边的是雌狮。我们是如何分出雌雄的呢?因为雄师脚踩的是绣球,而雌狮则是幼狮。现在为了保护文物,这对狮子已经被围栏保护起来了。在天安门前后各有一对华表,其实华表的原名叫做诽木,是皇帝为了表示自己能够采纳意见和接受意见而设立的,逐渐演变成了今天的华表。它的顶端的异兽叫做吼,北华表上的叫做望君出,意思是为了让皇帝出宫体察民情,而南端的则叫望君归,意思是皇帝不要留恋宫外的花花世界,应该及时回宫处理政务。

现在请大家向后转,在我们身后,就是天安门广场。在明清时候,这里是成T字型的,中间是南北走向的御路,在御路两侧,建有千步廊,两边都有廊房110间,到了长安街南侧,在随着红墙向东西两侧延伸,有廊房34间,所以千步廊共有228间廊房。而在御路的最南端明代时是大明门,清

朝则改为大清门;东西两侧的门分别是长安左门和长安右门,也分别称为龙门和虎门,因为在科考之后,黄榜在长安左门公布,考中的进士要从这里进入皇城,所以称之为龙门,而虎门的来由则是每年霜降以后,朝廷都要对犯人进行审查,而审定的犯人则被带出长安右门,等于落入虎口,所以称为虎门。而订立这些,都是与五行有关。

在我国古代,有文东武西之说,所以在千步廊东西两侧就是五府六部的所在地。在广场东侧,现在的历史博物馆一带,基本上都是中央文职机关,而西侧,也就是人民大会堂一带,则是五军都督府和特务锦衣卫。为了方便这些官员进入皇城,所以就在龙门虎门外各建了一道南北走向的大门,东公生门和西公生门。

现在我们已经看不到那时候的痕迹了,取而代之的是更有历史意义和政治特色的现代化建筑。

在广场西侧,是人民大会堂。它于1958年10月动工,历时一年,在59年国庆节前就完工了,占地面积17.18万平方米。整座建筑像一个“山”字,中央最高处是46.5米,是整个天安门广场中的最高建筑。大会堂分为三个部分:中央是万人大礼堂,总面积达36000平方米,有席坐一万个,礼堂顶部有巨大的红五角星,放出70到光芒,整个穹顶的装饰布局不仅很壮丽,而且还象征着万民一心,团结在党中央周围;北部是宴会厅,总面积7000多平方米是我国最大的

宴会厅;南部则是人大办公楼,这里包括全国37各省市自治区直辖市特区格局特色的会议厅,例如重庆厅,香港厅等等。

在广场东北部是中国革命博物馆,61年7月1日正式对外开放,主要展品是五四以来的革命资料,而恩来同志纪念馆爷在博物馆中,展品内容极为丰富。广场东南部是中国历史博物馆,它的前身是北京历史博物馆,在26年改为国立历史博物馆,过了4年,改为中央研究院北平历史博物馆,而在34年4月,这里又改为中央博物馆筹备处、北平历史博物馆。它的展品内容是从奴隶制社会夏商周直到清王朝灭亡数千年历史的文物,货币,图画等30多万件,分朝代展出。

正对着天安门城楼的是人民英雄纪念碑。根据49年9月中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议的决议,在天安门广场修建了人民英雄纪念碑,向全国征集了240多幅设计方案,选出了3个方案,最后决定以梁思成的设计方案为主,在综合其他三个方案,融为一体。也就是我们今天所看到的纪念碑。52.8.1正式兴建,在58.4建成,5.1隆重揭幕。重达百吨的碑芯巨石是由青岛运来北京的,经过一系列的加工雕琢后,成品高14.7米,宽2.9米,厚1米,重60吨,碑身有413块花岗岩组成。而石碑基座是由17000多块花岗岩和汉白玉组成,面积为3000多平方米。

纪念碑的正面向着天安门,刻有镏金板镶嵌,主席亲笔书写的“人民英雄永垂不朽”,背面则是由主席起草,周总理

书写的158字的碑文(三年以来,在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽三十年以来,在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽,由此上溯到一千八百四十年,从那时起为了反对内外敌人,争取民族独立和人民自由幸福,在历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽)。碑座四周共有8幅浮雕,高2米,总长40.68米。从东面起,由历史顺序排列,依次是:虎门销烟,今田起义,武昌运动,五四运动,五卅运动,南昌起义,抗日战争,胜利渡江。在胜利渡江的两旁,还有两幅装饰性的图案,内容是:支援前线和欢迎人民解放军。全部浮雕共有180个人物。

在人民英雄纪念碑南边,就是主席纪念堂。纪念堂在1976.11.24动工兴建,仅用了六个月,就全部建成。于主席去世一周年时正式开放。在纪念堂北门前有东西两组泥塑,都以革命史诗为内容。主体建筑南门则是以继承主席遗志、各族人民显示出无比信心为内容的。南门外的30面红旗,代表了我国三十各省市自治区。纪念堂的台基四周是用来自大渡河畔的枣红色花岗岩砌起,基石周围砌进了来自珠穆朗玛峰的石头和浇灌了台湾海峡的水。整个纪念堂主体建筑由三个部分组成:一进入碑大厅,迎面有三米高的主席塑像,这里市举行纪念活动的地方;从北大厅南侧的金丝楠木大门进去,就是瞻仰厅,主席的遗体就安放在这里;瞻仰厅的南侧是南大厅,主席的《满江红》诗词镌刻于这里。三个大厅

的东西两侧,有休息厅和老革命家纪念室,现在信增了邓小平的纪念室。

在主席纪念堂后面,就是内城的正门——正阳门。在过去,正阳门就是全国最高的建筑,取意:圣主当阳、日至中天,万国瞻仰的意思。现在这里是北京所剩的唯一保存完整的城楼和箭楼。

在明清时代,西城和南城市民来往的交通枢纽是棋盘街,现在位置大概在主席纪念堂和正阳门城楼之间的广场上。

其实天安门广场还有一个非常著名的景观,那就是升旗和降旗仪式,每天都会有数以万计的人来观看仪式。我国国旗图案的设计者是曾联松,第一面国旗制作者,这面特大的国旗长5米多,宽3米多,在开国大典上,主席亲手升起了这面象征新中国诞生的国旗。

天安门广场原来的旗杆基座是封闭的,升降旗不方便,而且设备已经陈旧,所以在1991.2.25改建新基座,同时改建旗杆。新基座平面为三层,第一层是汉白玉制成,四周都有出入通道,第二层是红褐色花岗岩,象征人民江山万代红,第三层是绿化带,象征社会主义祖国欣欣向荣,另外,四周是56个金黄色铜制的隔离墩,象征着56个民族手拉手、心连心团结在国旗下。

新的旗杆是首钢制造的无缝钢管制成,分4节,重7吨,高32.6米,20年不会锈蚀。

在每旬的第一天或者国家重要庆典,都要举行节日升降旗仪式,其他日子也要举行平时升降旗仪式。每天升旗的时间以日出为准,降旗则是以日落为准,要奏国歌,节日的时候是军乐队现场演奏,而平时则是放录音。如果各位有兴趣,也可以在方便的情况下来观看这一重要景观。

北京旅游英文导游词3篇(长城).doc

北京旅游英文导游词3篇(长城) 北京旅游是很好玩的旅程,大家觉得是不是呢?下面是为大家带来的北京旅游英文导游词,希望可以帮助大家。 北京旅游英文导游词范文1: Hello everyone, I am your tour guide, you can call me Chen. Today we are going to visit the place is famous as a "long" - the Great Wall in Beijing. The Great Wall is one of nine kinds of cultural heritage in our country, it has a long history. The Great Wall is built with persistence of millions of working people, how selfish when qin shihuang, unexpectedly with themselves, regardless of others. At that time no excavators, cranes and bulldozers, how much the sweat and wisdom of the working people to condense into the former does not see the end, after the head of the Great Wall. Overlooking the Great Wall, it looks like a dragon. It in 13000, built on the badaling, and tall, and strong. Starting from Beijing, 100 meters to came to the foot of the Great Wall. Every 300 meters there is a fortress, is concave and convex shape. The walls covered with rows of

北京市供水基本情况数据专题报告2019版

北京市供水基本情况数据专题 报告2019版

引言 北京市供水基本情况数据专题报告针对北京市供水基本情况现状,以数据为基础,通过数据分析为大家展示北京市供水基本情况现状,趋势及发展脉络,为大众充分了解北京市供水基本情况提供重要参考及指引。 北京市供水基本情况数据专题报告对关键因素即供水总量,地表水总量,地下水总量,其他供水量等进行了分析和梳理并进行了深入研究。 北京市供水基本情况数据专题报告相关知识产权为发布方即我公司天津旷 维所有,任何机构及个人引用我方报告,均需要注明出处。 报告力求做到精准、精细、精确,公正,客观,报告中数据来源于权威政府部门及相关行业协会如中国国家统计局等,并借助统计分析方法科学得出。相信北京市供水基本情况数据专题报告能够帮助机构和个人更加跨越向前。

目录 第一节北京市供水基本情况现状概况 (1) 第二节北京市供水总量指标分析 (3) 一、北京市供水总量现状统计 (3) 二、全国供水总量现状统计 (3) 三、北京市供水总量占全国供水总量比重统计 (3) 四、北京市供水总量(2016-2018)统计分析 (4) 五、北京市供水总量(2017-2018)变动分析 (4) 六、全国供水总量(2016-2018)统计分析 (5) 七、全国供水总量(2017-2018)变动分析 (5) 八、北京市供水总量同全国供水总量(2017-2018)变动对比分析 (6) 第三节北京市地表水总量指标分析 (7) 一、北京市地表水总量现状统计 (7) 二、全国地表水总量现状统计分析 (7) 三、北京市地表水总量占全国地表水总量比重统计分析 (7) 四、北京市地表水总量(2016-2018)统计分析 (8) 五、北京市地表水总量(2017-2018)变动分析 (8) 六、全国地表水总量(2016-2018)统计分析 (9)

北京胡同英语导游词

Good morning,Ladies and Gentlemen:Welcome to Beijing,and welcome to today's Hutong tour!First of all,I would like to start with the term"Hutong",H-U-T-O-N-G what does Hutong mean? According to experts,the word Hutong originated from Mongolian language meaning"Well".In ancient times,people tended to gather and live around wells. So the original meaning of Hutong should be"a place where people gather and live." Nobody knows exactly how many Hutongs there are in nowadays Beijing. But one thing is for sure,if we connected all the Hutongs together,their total length would even be longer than the famous Great wall,which is about 4000 miles longer. Today you can find various Hutongs with different shapes,lengths or directions.The shortest one is only 40 centimeters wide, And some Hutongs have more than 20 turns.As we walk through the Hutongs,you may find most of them look almost the same with gray-colored walls and bricks. Actually inside those walls are the courtyard houses,where people live. In Chinese we call them"siheyuan". The gate building of each Siheyuan is the only thing that we can see along the Hutongs. Chinese people used to try to protect their privacy from being intruded by strangers. So the gate building,in old times,was a symbol to show the position of each house owner. look at thtis one nest door,it has the lion design,because that owner used to be a military officer. Interesting? Now let's see the doorway. Almost every doorway has a threshold,that high step over there. For what reason they put a big step at the door?You know Chinese people believe all the evil spirits are short. They can not jump over high steps. So the threshold is actually for warding off evil spirits. In old times,transportation was not as convenient as today,so street vendors played a very important role in Hutong life. They wandered from lane to lane selling various goods or providing all kind of services. People could judge the goods or services from their peddling or the sounds of their special instruments. The food they sold usually include baked pancakes,seasoned millet mush,or Youzhaguo,a kind of deep-fried twisted dough sticks,and all kinds of vegetables. But now,with modern life all around,it's hard for people to hear the traditional melodious hawking. Look at the crowd sitting over there!What do you think they are doing?Talking about Vic Tanny?Oprah's?Or just gossiping?Any ideas?Let's go and see! Oh,they are building a new Great Wall. But their bricks are Chinese Mahjong!A very popular pastime among the Hutong people,especially among the senior citizens who have retired. The main attraction of Hutong life is friendly and interpersonal communication.

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第二课、地球概况 教学类型:新课 授课年级及科目:七年级上册环境教育 授课者:夏开英 教学时数:一课时 教学目标: 1、知道地球是一个球体,它的表面由三分陆地和七分海洋组成,地球上的面貌多姿多彩。 2、初步了解七大洲和四大洋的地理位置及面积大小。 3、感受地球的美,地球上生命的可爱,激发学生对地球的热爱之情,建立保护地球的观念。 教学准备:收集资料,制作课件;地球仪。 教学过程: 一、导入 课件出示谜面:形状圆圆像太阳,自己不能发光亮,青山绿水花儿美,它是生命的故乡。让我们全体起立,跺跺脚,说一说我们的脚下是什么?(地球) 我们生活在地球上,地球就像我们的妈妈,让我们一起来亲热的叫她一声吧!(地球妈妈) 二、合作探究,知道地球地貌,感受地球的美丽。 (一)地球概貌 1、我们现在都知道地球是一个球体,那么古代人类如何了解地球是一个巨大球体的呢?时至今日,我们能在自然界找到那些可以证明地球是球体的证据呢? 2、学生交流。得出结论:地球是一个球体。 3、出示地球仪:今天我们一起去走近地球妈妈,利用地球仪一起来探究一下地球妈妈表面的奥秘吧。 4、分组,摸一摸,转一转,看一看,想一想从地球的形状、颜色上你发现了什么?(1)地球是个大圆球--知识点:椭圆形的球体 (2)地球仪是光滑的,其实地球表面是高低起伏、崎岖不平的,有河流、海洋、山脉、高原。

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