新世纪研究生英语听说(下)原文LESSON 13(B)

LESSON THIRTEEN

Science and Technology

1. W: Would you like some milk in your coffee?

M: Please.

Q: What does the woman mean?

2.M: Could you help Bob and me plan a surprise party for

Meg?

W: Sure. What can I do?

Q: What does the man want to do?

3. W: Let's jog for another mile.

M: I'll try. But I'm running out of steam.

Q: What do you learn about the man?

4. W: Should we call Marcia and tell her about the meeting?

M: I'm not sure. It's up to you.

Q: What does the man imply?

5. M: I can't seem to solve this problem.

W: Neither can I.

Q: What does the woman say about the problem?

6. M: Hey. There's a program on the radio tonight at seven you

might like. It's about owls.

W: I hadn't heard about it, but you are right. I am interested.

Q: What will the woman probably do?

7. W: How long can you keep the video tapes?

M: If they're not returned by the time the media center closes tonight, I'll have to pay a fine.

Q: What information can you get from the conversation?

8.W: So you need someone to watch your cat while you're

away.

M: Would that be a problem for you?

Q: What does the man want to know?

9.W: Jane told me she would meet me here at the library

reference desk at one o'clock, but she hasn't shown up

yet.

M: Oh, I just saw her upstairs in the third floor study lounge, she said she'd been expecting you at 12:30.

Q: What does the man say about Jane?

10. W: Could you give this note to Michelle?

M: Give it to Michelle? Am I a messenger?

Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?

11. W: I'm sorry. I forgot to return your physics book last night.

M: I'll forgive you, considering the test is on Friday.

Q: Why does the woman apologize to the man?

12.W: I'm having a lot of trouble with calculus and my

professor can't seem to explain it in a way that makes

sense to me.

M: You know, the student union runs a tutoring service. I was ready to drop trigonometry last semester before

they helped me out.

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

13.M: I see that your roommate Donna is editor of the

newspaper this year.

W: Editor? Yes. But you'd never know she was my roommate. I've hardly seen her since the beginning of

the term. She might as well move her bed over to the

newspaper office.

Q: What can be inferred about Donna?

14.W: John, I really can't afford any more interruptions right

now. I've got to finish this assignment.

M: I'm sorry, Cathy. Just one more thing, I forgot to ask if you could give me a ride to school tomorrow.

Q: What can be inferred about the man?

15. W: I'm really disappointed about not getting that job.

M: An evening at the jazz club ought to make you feel better.

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

Part B

Passage I

Cloning Mount Vernon's Trees

Tree experts have begun an effort to rebuild forests near the home of America's first president, George Washington. Earlier this month, workers gathered buds from tall, old trees on the grounds of George Washington’s home, Mount Vernon. It is in the state of Virginia, near Washington, D.C. The experts hope to produce genetic copies, or clones, of the trees and plant them on the property.

Tree experts David Milarch and his son, Jared, are leading the efforts. As a special project, David and Jared Milarch offered to make clones of the thirteen oldest trees at Mount Vernon. They are huge, beautiful trees. George Washington supervised the planting of these trees more than two hundred years ago.

The Milarch family plans to grow fifty copies of each tree in tree nurseries in Alabama and Oregon. They will return the trees to be planted at Mount Vernon in two years. Some copies of the trees will be sent to the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts for safe keeping.

Grafting is the name of the process used to clone trees. It has been done for thousands of years. A method called the T-bud technique often is used to copy trees. Workers begin by cutting the bark, or covering, on the side of a young tree. The cut is made in the shape of a cross, or the letter T. Next, the workers find a bud, or small growth, on the tree to be copied. A small piece of wood under the bud is carefully removed from the tree. The bud is then put into the hole on the other tree. The bud is tightly tied in place and begins to grow.

Mount Vernon officials say George Washington was interested in his tree collection. The officials add that he was a

strong environmentalist. They say the old trees are important because they existed when America's first president was alive.

I

1.Where was George Washington’s home located?

2.What are David Milarch and his son?

3.Where does David Milarch plan to clone the 13 oldest trees?

4.Which of the following is NOT true about cloning trees?

5.Why are the old trees at Mount Vernon important?

II

1.cutting the bark,

2.young tree,

3.find a bud,

4.to be copied,

5.removed from the tree,

6.tightly tied,

7.to grow

Passage II

Dinosaur Noses

An American scientist named Lawrence Witmer, of Ohio University, has found that many images of dinosaurs may be wrong. For years, pictures of the ancient creatures have shown their nose openings near the top of the head. The new study suggests the dinosaurs' nostrils were just above the mouth. Dinosaurs used their nostrils to breathe, smell and control their body temperature. The new theory could help explain how the huge creatures were able to survive by using their sense of smell

to find food, a mate and possible enemies.

Many of the early dinosaur remains recovered by scientists were from huge creatures called sauropods. Scientists believed that sauropods must have lived in water because their bodies were so huge and their necks were so long. Nostrils high on the head would have permitted the dinosaurs to breathe while partly under water. The discovery of a sauropod head bone in 1884 added support for this belief. The skull had a large hole at the top of the head.

Professor Witmer says experts learned years later that sauropods generally were not sea creatures. But he says the earlier theory about nostril position was extended to other dinosaurs.

Only dinosaur bones have survived as fossil remains. Scientists have never recovered dinosaur remains of soft tissue. Scientists interested in the physical appearance of dinosaurs often study birds and animals similar to the ancient creatures. Professor Witmer examined forty-five kinds of birds, crocodiles and lizards that are the closest living relatives to dinosaurs. He noted the placement of soft tissue through hundreds of x-ray images and by cutting pieces of tissue. Soft tissue leaves markings on bone. Professor Witmer used this information to

make a map of the likely position of soft tissue in the dinosaurs' noses. He found that the birds and reptiles he studied share a common nostril position.

Professor Witmer found that the hole scientists once thought was a nostril in dinosaurs is just one part of the larger nasal passage. He found that the nostrils were farther forward and closer to the mouth. He says this new nostril position was true for all dinosaurs.

I

l. What does the speaker mainly talk about?

2.What did dinosaurs use their nostrils to do?

3. Which of the following have/has survived as fossil remains?

4. How many kinds of creatures did Professor Witmer examine in his studies?

5. What does Professor Witmer conclude based on his studies?

II

1.help explain, by using their sense of smell,

2.dinosaur remains,

3.sea creatures,

4.the physical appearance, birds and animals,

5.the hole, the larger nasal passage.

Passage III

Disappearance of Large Animals

Thirteen-thousand years ago, North America was home to many large mammals. They included woolly mammoths, several kinds of horses, camels and oxen. However, these and many other animals died out soon after. More than seventy percent of the continent's large mammals were affected.

Scientists have long debated what caused many kinds of large animals in North America and Australia to disappear. Two new studies blame ancient humans for the disappearance. They say human hunters on both continents may have killed the animals for food. Science magazine reported the findings.

John Alroy of the University of California at Santa Barbara 1ed one of the studies. He based his study on evidence that humans first arrived in North America about thirteen-thousand years ago. He examined how a group of about one-hundred humans could grow in number over a period of one-thousand-two-hundred years. Mr. Alroy estimated such things as reproduction rates and the amount of food humans need to survive. He found that it was possible for the small group of humans to expand to about three-hundred-thousand members during the period.

Mr. Alroy said ancient humans could have killed off many kinds of large animals native to North America. He said the animals that disappeared had low rates of reproduction. This would have prevented them from recovering from the attacks by humans.

More than thirty years ago. Paul Martin of the University of Arizona described how the disappearance of large animals was linked with human expansion. He says the two studies support his position. Mr. Martin adds that local climate may have influenced the disappearance of some animals.

Part D

l) director, 2)magic, 3) screen, 4)theatre, 5) with, 6) Canada, 7) life, 8)existence, 9)astronaut, 10)actor, 11)lifesaver, 12) celebrate, 13)magic, 14)winners, 15)campaign, 16)black 17) negative, 18) celebrate, 19)prepare, 20)explain

研究生英语综合教程下册课文原文

课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness 1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it." 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击,没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料的是,很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生,但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved. 2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事,可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理,这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中,人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出?积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上,大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。

研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课文翻译

Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。”

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学

家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。

新视野研究生英语_读说写1Unit 5 Remote Control课文原文

原文Unit Five Remote Control 1、Recently the Washington Post printed an article explaining how the appliance manufacturers plan to drive consumers insane. 2、Of course they don’t say they want to drive us insane. What they say they want to do is have us live in homes where “all appliances are on the Internet, sharing information”and appliances will be “smarter than most of their owners.” For example, the article states, you could have a home where the dishwasher “can be turned on from the office”and the refrigerator “knows when it’s out of milk” and the bathroom scale “transmits your weight to the gym.” 3、I frankly wonder whether the appliance manufacturers, with all due respect, have been smoking crack. I mean, did they ever stop to ask themselves why a consumer, after loading a dishwasher, would go to the office to start it? Would there be some kind of career benefit? YOUR BOSS: What are you doing? YOU ( tapping computer keyboard ): I’m starting my dishwasher! YOUR BOSS: That’s the kind of productivity we need around here! YOU: Now I’m flushing the upstairs toilet! 4、Listen, applian ce manufacturers: We don’t need a dishwaher that we can communicate with from afar. If you want to improve our dishwashers, give us one that senses when people leave dirty on the kitchen counter, and shouts at them: “Put those dishes in the dishwasher rignt now or I’ll leak all over your shoes!” 5、Likewise, we don’t need a refrigerator that knows when it’s out of milk. We alrealy have a foolproof system for determining if we’re out of milk. We ask our wife. What we could use is a refrigerator that refuses to let us open its door when it senses that we are about to consume our fourth Jell-O Pudding Snack in two hours. 6、As for a scale that transmits our weight to the gym: Are they nuts? We don’t want our weight transmitted to our own eyeballs!What if the gym decided to trainsmit our weight to all these other appliances on the Internet? What if, God forbid, our refrigerator found out what our weight was!

研究生英语系列教材综合教程课文翻译

研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)课文翻译 Unit 1 核心员工的特征 1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。” 10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。 11特征4：善于处理人际关系 瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。” 12然而，如果认为只有像李奇那样的生意人才需要熟练的人际沟通技巧，那就错了。事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心费工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。 Unit 4 爱和情感连系 1爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和

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1 Part I(1-3) Introduction to key players:what and how Part II(4-12) Traits of key players: Trait1:The selfless collaborator Trait2:A sense of urgency Trait3:Risk tolerance Trait4:Strength in interpersonal relationships 第一部分（1-3） 关键球员介绍：什么和如何 第二部分（4-12） 关键球员的特征： 特点1：无私的合作者 特质2：紧迫感 特质3：风险承受能力 特质4：人际关系中的力量 4 Part I Introduction(Paras.1-3) Love is essential for human survival. Part II Body(Paras.4-7) What is love? Part III Conclusion(Para.8-12) What brings people together?And is there a person out there that one in meant for? 第一部分导论（第1-3） 爱是人类生存的基本。 第二部分体（了4-7） 什么是爱？ 第三部分结论（Para。8-12） 什么东西把人们聚集在一起？有一个人在那里，一个意味着？ 6 1.Gifts of loneliness and privacy,and opportunities for fulfillment; 2.Full of tall deeds,great people and wonderful undertakings; 3.18inches far from/near to those famous people; 4.The option of participation or insulation; 5.The choice is with the individual--New Yorkers are lucky in this regard; 6.The insulation may weaken them as individual; 7.However,the insulation has a positive effect on the creative capacities of New Yorkers; 8.The abundance of excitments prevents New Yorkers from a deficiency of spirit 1。礼物的孤独和隐私，以及实现的机会； 2。高大的事迹，伟大的人民和美好的事业；

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Unit One 旅行通用语 1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。 2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。 3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下： 4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。只希望没人会真的从字面上去理解。 5 我还可以补充一些多年周游世界时的亲身经历。例如，奥斯坦德的一家精品店正在宣扬其货品立意新颖，却用了“revolting new ideas”，即“令人作呕的立意”。孟买的几家糕饼屋也鼓吹自己是“No.1 loafers”，目口头号游手好闲者，可是其本意是要宣称自己的糕饼全市第一。 6 我并不知道基督教影响如此之广，直到我在香港看到一位牙医的宣传：“我们由最新的循道宗信徒拔牙”，这儿的“Methodists”(循道宗信徒)显然应改为“methods”，即“方法”。 7 恐怕没人能确定这些误用实际上是体现了英语的普及还是仅仅反映了局限于地方的习惯用法。但可以确定的是，海法医学会绝对应该阻止其会员挂这样的铜招牌：“妇女及其它疾病的专家”。 8 看来旅店对多语种告示颇为青睐，希望它们会有利于人们更好地使用现代化设施。没有它们，旅店就会显得沉闷而缺乏效率。然而，在布鲁塞尔的一家旅店中，这条电梯告示只会令毫无防范的房客更愿意爬楼梯：“使用电梯时，请按要去楼层的按钮。若更多人进入电梯，请分别按各自要去楼层的按钮。电梯会按楼层的字母顺序，依次送客。没复位的按钮显示着接收到的要去楼层的指令”。伊斯坦布尔的一则旅店告示则没这么复杂：“想要客房服务时，请开门喊叫‘客房服务’”。至少那儿的客人不用对付也许经常失灵的电子设备。 9 在土耳其，人们对于“直言不讳”的喜爱在一个已远近闻名的安卡拉导游册中得到了充分体现。导游册这样招揽顾客：“来我们餐馆吧，你会在欧洲救护车中享用中东风味美食”(显然这儿的救护车“ambulance”应为氛围“ambience”)。而另一家瑞士餐馆的菜单也同样吸引人：“我们的葡萄酒绝人他念”。(“our wines leave nothing to hope for'’一语双关，可本意显然是“我们的葡萄酒美味绝伦”)。 10在东欧，奥匈帝国时期的老牌大旅馆从未放弃过礼节。一则旅馆房间告示上写着“诚邀尊贵的客人在12点到14点之间占客房女服务员的便宜”(take advantage of t he chambermaids)。然而，这可能造成意外的交通阻塞。最近的一次莫斯科画展也未必能让偶尔光顾者欣然前往，根据其告示，“画展将展出俄罗斯艺术家的300幅作品，他们中的大部分人在过去十年中已被处死了”。 11 曼谷一家洗衣房的广告词邀请来访的顾客“留下你的衣服，尽情享受吧!”就像是鼓励人们在这座远东娱乐首府干些出格之事。

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。 They want to hire a “key player” from another company. 他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。 Every company also hires from ranks of newbies, 然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。 and what they're looking for is exactly the same. 他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。 “We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. “我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。 If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them.” 假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。” It's just a bit risker.只是这样有点儿冒险。 “It's an educated guess,”“这是一种有根据的猜测，” says my hiring manager client.我的人事经理客户说。 Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. 作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，

新发展研究生英语课文翻译

Unit 1 why marriages fail 1.这些日子，许多婚姻以离婚结束，我们最神圣的誓言不再与真理联系在一起了。“幸运地”和“直到死亡我们做了一部分”是表面上看起来已经过时了。为什么夫妻一起呆在一起变得如此困难？出了什么问题？我们发生了什么事，接近一半的婚姻注定离婚法庭？我们如何创造一个社会，其中42％的孩子将在单亲家庭中长大？如果统计数据只能衡量孤独，遗憾，痛苦，失去自信和对未来的恐惧，数字将超出量化。 2.即使每一个破碎的婚姻是独一无二的，我们仍然可以找到共同的危险，婚姻绝望的共同原因。每个婚姻都有一个危机点，每个婚姻都测试耐力，亲密和变化的能力。外部压力，如工作失调，疾病，不育，与孩子的麻烦，照顾老化的父母，和所有其他生命的瘟疫飓风爆炸我们的海岸的方式。有些婚姻在这些暴风雨中生存下来，其他婚姻却没有。然而，婚姻失败，不仅仅是因为外部天气，而是因为内部气候变得太热或太冷，太湍急或太吝啬。 3.当我们看看我们如何选择我们的合作伙伴，并在浪漫的开始有什么期望存在，一些灾难的原因变得相当清楚。我们都选择无意识的准确性，将与我们重新创建我们的第一个家的情感模式的伴侣。威斯康星大学婚姻治疗师和精神病学荣誉教授Carl A. Whitaker博士解释说：“从幼年时代起，我们每个人都携带婚姻，女性气质，男性气质，母性，父亲和所有其他家庭角色的模式。“我们每个人都爱上一个有我们父母品质的伴侣，他们将帮助我们重新发现我们过去生活的心理幸福和痛苦。我们可能认为我们发现了一个不像爸爸的男人，但随后他回到喝酒或毒品，或者一次又一次地失去了他的工作，或者像爸爸那样默默地坐在电视机前面。一个男人可以选择一个不喜欢孩子的女人，就像他的母亲，或者像他的母亲一样赌了家庭储蓄。或者他可以选择一个苗条的妻子，似乎不像他的肥胖母亲，但后来发现有其他的瘾，摧毁他们的相互幸福。 4.一个男人和一个女人带来了他们的婚姻床上混合混合的有意识和无意识的记忆他们的父母的生活在一起。人的方式是强迫地重复和重现过去的模式。Sigmund弗洛伊德很好地描述了不愉快的设计，我们许多人被困在：童年的未满足的需要，很久以前的挫折留下的愤怒的感觉，信任的限制和旧的恐惧的再发生。一旦一个人感觉到这种陷阱，可能会有一种渴望逃脱，结果可能是一个破碎，分裂的婚姻。 5.当然，人们可以克服在童年发展的习惯和态度。我们都有隐藏的优势和惊人的增长和创造性变化的能力。然而，改变需要工作观察你的部分在一个腐烂的模式，带来的困难进入公开和工作违反婚姻的基本神话：“当我wired 这个人，我的所有问题将结束。我将取得成功，将成为这个人的生命的中心，这个人将是我的中心，我们将永远意味着彼此的一切。“这个神话，每一个婚姻依赖，很快暴露。孩子们的到来，拉扯和拉扯他们对感情和时间的要求，对这种基本的神话的意义相当大的压力，一切彼此的意义，融合在一起，解决所有的生活的问题。 6.对金钱的关注和紧张使每个伴侣远离另一个。对要求父母或依赖父母的父母的义务进一步造成压力。今天的夫妻也必须处理近年来妇女运动和性革命带来的所有文化变革。角色的改变和责任的转移对许多婚姻一直极为努力。 7.生活的这些和其他现实侵蚀了婚姻幸福的愿景，沙尘暴在岩石和海洋啃咬在沙丘的方式。伴随浪漫爱情的那些欣快的，宏大的感觉是真正的自我妄想，自我催眠的梦想，使我们能建立一种关系。现实生活，工作失败，失望，疲惫，难闻的气味，不好的感冒和困难的时刻都刺穿了梦想，让我们与我们的伴侣搁浅，我们的童年模式推动我们这样和我们的未实现的期望。 8.在婚姻中生存的斗争需要适应性，灵活性，真正的爱和善良，以及足够强烈的想象力来感受他人的感觉。许多婚姻崩溃，因为任何一个合作伙伴都无法想象他人想要什么或不能沟通她需要或感觉什么。愤怒建立，直到它爆发成一个火山爆发，埋在灰烬的婚姻。 9.如果我们从我们的队友感觉到需要太多的亲密，我们倾向于把他推开，担心我们可能失去我们在婚姻合并中的身份。一个合作伙伴可能以稚气的依赖性窒息另一个合作伙伴。一个好的婚姻意味着成长，所以一对夫妇，但也成长为个人。这不容易。理查德放弃了对木工的兴趣，因为他的妻子海伦，嫉妒他离开她的时间。Karen退出合唱团，因为她的丈夫不喜欢她在那里做的朋友。每一对彼此紧贴，当生活在他们身上时彼此生气。这种婚姻平衡很容易被抛弃，因为一个人或另一个人离开，离婚。 10.婚姻需要某种牺牲，不是灵魂的可怕自我牺牲，而是某种程度的妥协。一些人的幻想，一些人的合法愿望必须放弃婚姻本身的价值。惠特克博士说：“虽然所有的婚姻伴侣有时候都会感到束手无策，但是他们真正选择将婚姻关系变成限制性关系或支持性债券。婚姻需要性，财政和情感纪律。男人和女人不能跟随每一个冲动，不能允许自己停止生长和变化。 11.离婚不是一种邪恶的行为。有些时候，它为那些已经无望地分开或被冻结在痛苦或相互不幸的模式中的人提供了保护。离婚可以是，尽管其最初的破坏，像外科医生的刀的第一次切割，一个新的健康和美好的生活的一步。另一方面，如果合作伙伴可以继续超越浪漫神话的分裂，发展真正的爱和亲密，他们已经完成了作为世界最伟大的大教堂惊人的工作。没有失败但改善的婚姻，尽管不完美仍然存在，不仅在这些日子很少，而且提供了一个奇妙的住所，我们的相互人性的面孔可以安全地显示自己。

当代研究生英语下册课文原文

UNIT 1 PASSAGES OF HUMAN GROWTH (I) 1 A person’s life at any given time incorporates both external and internal aspects. The external system is composed of our memberships in the culture: our job, social class, family and social roles, how we present ourselves to and participate in the world. The interior realm concerns the meanings this participation has for each of us. In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system? How many parts of our personality can we live out, and what parts are we suppressing? How do we feel about our way of living in the world at any given time? 2 The inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock begin to throw a person off balance, signaling the necessity to change and move on to a new footing in the next stage of development. These crucial shifts occur throughout life, yet people consistently refuse to recognize that they possess an internal life system. Ask anyone who seems down, “Why are you feeling low?” Most will displace the inner message onto a marker event: “I’ve been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,” and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: “There is some unknown disturbance within me, and even though it’s painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.” Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years. 3 During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A third is our perception of time—do we have plenty of it, or are we beginning to feel that time is running out? Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of aliveness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action. 4 The work of adult life is not easy. As in childhood, each step presents not only new tasks of development but requires a letting go of the techniques that worked before. With each passage some magic must be given up, some cherished illusion of safety and comfortably familiar sense of self must be cast off, to allow for the greater expansion of our own distinctiveness. Pulling Up Roots 5 Before 18, the motto is loud and clear: “I have to get away from my parents.” But the words are seldom connected to action. Generally still safely part of our families, even if away at school, we feel our autonomy to be subject to erosion from moment to moment. 6 After 18, we begin Pulling Up Roots in earnest. College, military service, and short-term travels are all customary vehicles our society provides for the first round trips between family and a base of one’s own. In the attempt to separate our view of the world from our family’s view, despite vigorous protestations to the contrary—“I know exactly what I want!”— we cast about for any beliefs we can call our own. And in the process of testing those beliefs we are often drawn to