英语的句子结构
英语的句子结构
英语基本句型有五个：S+V, S+V+Cs, S+V+O, S+V+Oi+Od, S+V+Od+Co, 其共有特征是主谓结构(S+V)。
句子成分主要有四种：主语S、谓语动词V、补语（主语补语Cs，宾语补语Co）和宾语（直接宾语Od，间接宾语Oi)。
●Pattern 1 (S + V)
1．此句型中，“V” 是不及物动词，后面无宾语，如：
My right arm hurts.
但通常有后续成分或称状语(A)，即 S+V+A，如：
She lived happily.
The sun rises every morning.
2．在有些句子中，主语或谓语或某一部分可省略，如：
(I) Hope to see you again soon.（省略主语）
Who called? Jane (did).（省略谓语）
●Pattern 2 (S + V + Cs)
1．此句型的“V” 是连系动词，“Cs” 是主语补语，或称表语。充当主语补
语的有名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词 V-ing 形式或 V-e d 形式、不定式及名词性从句等，如：
My first name is Bill.
Life is colorful.
Seeing is believing.
Our belief is that things will improve.
2．常见的连系动词有下列几类：
a. 表示“判断”：be；
b. 表示“变得”、“成为”：become, come, go, fall, get, grow, prove, turn 等；
c. 表示“保持着某一状态”：hold, keep, lie, remain, rest, sit, stay 等；
d. 表示“看起来”、“好像”：appear, look, seem 等；
e. 表示“实感”：feel, sound, taste, smell 等。
e.g. She is a teacher and I am a doctor.
Spring comes and all trees turn green.
He stayed awake all night.
You don’t look happy, what's the matter?
Their plan sounds wonderful.
●Pattern 3 (S + V + O)
1．“V” 是及物动词，后面需跟一个宾语，可充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing 结构及名词性从句等，如：
I understand the program.
She asked to see the manager.
Mary is considering changing her job.
He said that he would call me tomorrow.
2．这种结构有时必须跟状语，意义才完整（即 S + V + O + A），如：
We accepted their advice in buying a new car.
She completed the assignment just as the bell was ringing.
We don’t trust him because he often lies.
You make a promise only when you know you can keep it.
●Pattern 4 (S + V + Oi + Od)
1．此句型的“V” 称为双宾及物动词，其后需跟间接宾语“Oi”（通常指人）和直接宾语“Od”（通常指物或事）。
2．此类动词大都具有给与的意义，常见的有allow, assign, award, bring, b uy, cause, choose, fetch, find, get, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promise, read, recommend, refuse, render, return, sell, send, show, sing, take, telephone, touch, tell, throw, wish, write 等，如：
I gave him the book.
I’ll return you the dictionary soon.
3．有时间接宾语可移至直接宾语之后，但要加相应的介词如“to”，“for”，“of” 等，试比较：
Betty gave her daughter an apple.
→Betty gave an apple to her daughter.
Father bought him a bike.
→Father bought a bike for him.
He asked me a question.
→He asked a question of me.
●Pattern 5 (S + V + Od + Co)
该句型中，谓语动词虽有宾语，但句子意义仍不完整，需加补语“Co” 补足其
意义。充当宾语补语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语及分词等，如：
We call him a fool.
We found the house empty.
Our neighbors built their wall high.
We believe you to be an honest man.
I heard them singing in the classroom.
常用的这类动词有：
appoint, believe, call, catch, choose, consider, declare, elect, fanc y, feel, find, hear, imagine, judge, keep, know, leave, make, name, n eed, prefer, prove, see, select, suppose, think, vote 等。
Noun Clause(名词从句)
名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语等从句。它们可以由下列连词引导：从属连词 that, whether, if；连接代词 who(ever), whom, whose, what(ever), which(ever)；连接副词 when, where, why, how, how much / many /long / often 等。
●主语从句在句中作主语
That mathematics finds its use in every science is evident. Whoever is tired may rest.
Why the earth moves round the sun is quite clear now.
主语从句常放在句尾而用 it 作形式主语使句子更加平衡，这时口语中常省略that, 如上面第一句改成“It is evident (that) math ematics finds its us e in every science.”更好。
在下列情况下必须把主语从句放在句尾而用 it 作形式主语：
1．主句谓语是被动语态时，如：
It is said that he is a good doctor.
2．主句是疑问句或感叹句时，如：
Is it true that the film star will come?
How wonderful it is that we'll visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
3．主句谓语动词是 appear, turn out, happen, occur, come, strike, fol low, matter 等时，如：
It happened that she had a cold and didn't go with us that day.
It turned out that I was wrong.
4．表示说话人的推测或评价，如在 it seems, it may be, it is (un)likel
y, it is (im)possible, it is a pity, it is a wonder 等结构中，如：
It seems that this test is reliable.
It is a pity (that) she can't go with us.
5．强调主句的表语时，如：
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It is necessary that he should do so.
●宾语从句在句中作宾语
I thought (that) you had read the book.
We should learn to tell whether an element is poisonous or not.
Do you know who invented this?
1．宾语从句后有宾语补足语时常移至句末，而用 it 做形式宾语放在前面，如：
The experiment makes it clear that air has pressure.
2 宾语从句可作某些介词和某些作表语用的形容词的宾语，如：
The resistance of a wire also depends upon what material it is made o f.
We are sure (that) it will be a success.
3．宾语从句可以是直接引语也可以是间接引语，如：
He asked me, “Are you from Chengdu?”（直接引语）
He asked me whether I was from Chengdu.（间接引语）
●表语从句在句中作表语
The reason is (that) we haven't raised enough money.
That is what we want to know.
●同位语从句在句中作补充说明名词及其短语的从句
I am in doubt whether I should buy or not.
He expressed his hope that he would visit China again.
Relative Clause(定语从句)
引导定语从句的关系词有
1．关系代词 who, whom（代人）；which（代物）；that, whose, as （代人或物）。它们的数和人称要和先行词一致，格取决于它们在句中充当的成分，如：
A machine is a kind of device which (that) helps to do work.
Those who want tickets should go to the office.
The technician whom we met yesterday had worked out a new automatic d
evice.
先行词前有限定词 all, any, every, (a)few, no, only, some, very 或序数词或形容词最高级等修饰时，或先行词是指物的不定代词 all, little, few,m uch, none 或 -thing 构成的复合不定代词时，一般只用关系代词 that,如：Any boy that wants to succeed must work hard.
There is not much that can be done.
I've made up my mind, and nothing (that) you say will change it.
先行词是指示代词 such 或 same 时，只用 as, 先行词被指示形容词 such 或same 修饰时，通常用as,如：
This book is not such as I expected.
She said the same as she said before.
I've never seen such dogs as you describe.
I'll wear the same dress as I did last time.
2．关系副词有：when, where, why, 它们都在从句中作状语，其先行词总是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，如：
The days when they had to import grain from abroad have now passed. Air moves from places where the pressure is higher to places where th
e pressure is lower.
He refused to tell the reason why he did it.
限制性和非限制性定语从句 (Restrictive and Non-restrictive Clause)
限制性定语从句是主句中的先行词不可缺少的一部分，如果省去，主句的意义就不完整或不明确，因此，它与主句关系十分密切，不用逗号与主句分开；非限制性定语从句只是对主句中的先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句仍能表达明确、完整的概念，因此，它与主句间有一逗号分开，如：
Don't you know the people who live next door?
The problem, which is complicated, has been solved.
That 不用于引导非限制性定语从句；先行词是主句或主句的一部分时,用 whic h 或 as 引导非限制性定语从句，如从句放在主句之前则用 as 而不用which,如：
He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
He was a foreigner, as / which I knew from his accent.
As was expected, he performed the task with success.
关于“Noun / Pronoun + Preposition + Which / Whom / Whose” 结构
The resistance of a conductor depends on the kind of substance of whi
ch it is made.
Isn't she the girl with whom you visited the exhibition the other day?
关系代词 whom 和 which 常常作介词 of 的宾语，用“名词／代词／数词＋of ＋whom / which”结构，如：
He is reading a book, the name of which I don't know.
Her parents, both of whom are teachers, are very strict with her.
In our class there are forty students, four of whom are from Africa. Whose 指物时常可用 of which 代替，这时 whose 所修饰的名词放在 of whic h 之前，如：
We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear.
= We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear. Apposition and Appositive Clause(同位语和同位语从句)
可以用作同位语的有：
1．名词、代词、数词及其它们的短语、不定式和分词短语，如：
China, our great motherland, now is developing rapidly in science and technology.
We all went to see her.
We two are from Chongqing and they three are from Chengdu.
We all have a common desire — to become qualified teachers.
That's her job, taking care of the aged in the community.
2． of 引导的介词短语，如：
the city of Beijing, the art of writing
3．用连词 or, or rather 或 or better 等引导的词或短语，如：
They arrived home late that evening or rather early the next morning.
4．用插入语 that is (to say), in other words, namely, for example, f or instance, such as, say, especially, particularly, chiefly, mainly 等引导的词或短语，如：
Mr. Smith knows five languages, namely English, French, Chinese, Russ ian and Japanese.
5. 同位语从句，即与先行词同位或等同的从句，其先行词多为belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, remark, reply, report, th ought, truth 等；其引导词多为 that（在口语中可省去），也可用 whether
等，如：
There can be no doubt that we'll finish in time.
Most people are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of at oms.
We should discuss carefully the important question whether or not we can complete the task within a week.
注意 that 在同位语从句中不作任何句子成分，只起引导从句的作用，而在定语从句中 that 还充当主语或宾语，或状语，比较：
No one can deny the fact that he has made great achievements in his w ork.（同位语从句，连词 that 在从句中不作任何句子成分。）
This is the picture that the little boy drew yesterday. （定语从句，关系代词 that 在从句中作宾语。）
英语句子中的谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，如：
Mr. Smith teaches us oral English.
Nowadays lots of college graduates are busy looking for jobs.
1．一些句子结构中的主谓一致：
a. 在 "there + be" 句型中，谓语动词通常和最邻近它的那个名词保持一致，
如：
There is a book and four pens on the desk.
There are two beds and a bookshelf in the room.
b. 在定语从句中，谓语动词应和该从句的先行词保持一致，如：
Alice is the person who runs the school.
He who cheats on exams will be kicked out of the school.
I was one of those persons who were luckily interviewed by the direct or himself.
上例中如果 one 前有 the only 修饰，强调某一个体时，从句的谓语动词应用单
数，如：
I was the only one of those persons who was luckily interviewed by th e director
himself.
c. 倒装结构中的谓语动词应与它的真正主语保持一致，如：
Here is a letter for you.
There come two buses.
2．并列结构作主语时句子的主谓一致：
a. 由 both ... and ... 连接的两个名（代）词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如：
Both Tom and Mary have been invited to the party.
b. 由 and 连接的并列结构作主语，谓语一般用复数。但当两个名词表达同一个人、
同一件事或同一概念时，谓语应该用单数，如：
The writer and editor is going to the meeting in person.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
Law and order is so important to a country that no one should break i t.
c. 由 as well as, as much as, along with, besides, in addition to, in cluding, like, no
less than, rather than, (together) with 等连接的两个名（代）词作主语时，谓语应
和第一个名（代）词保持数的一致，如：
The bus driver as well as several passengers has survived the acciden
t.
Yesterday I saw a pick-pocket with his company was caught by a police man.
d. 由or, either … or ..., neither … nor …, not only … but also … 等连接的两个名（代）词作主语时，谓语一般和后一个名（代）词保持一致，如：
Not you but I am to blame.
Neither you nor I am responsible for the whole thing.
3．集体名词作主语时句子的主谓一致
a. cattle, police 作主语时，谓语动词总用复数，如：
Lots of cattle are raised on the grassland.
The police were searching for the criminals.
b. audience, board, class, committee, crowd, crew, enemy, family, gov ernment,
team 等作主语时，如果作整体看待，谓语动词用单数；若强调每一成员，谓语用
复数，如：
The committee consists of 12 members.
The committee haven't reached any agreement yet.
I am not sure where my family is.
My family care a lot about my study.
4．一些代词作主语时句子的主谓一致：
a. 由 any, every, no 和 one, thing, body 构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语用单数，
如：
Nothing was found in the room.
Everyone has known the story.
b. both, few, several 和 many 作主语，表示复数的意义，所以谓语用复数，如：
Both are not quite so honest.
Many students travel during their vacations.
5．带有数量修饰语的名（代）词作主语时句子的主谓一致：
a. 单数可数名词前有 every, each, many a 修饰、复数名词前有 each of, o ne of,
(n)either of, the number of 等修饰时，谓语用单数，如：
Many a student travels during his / her vacation.
The number of criminal cases in this city is increasing steadily. One of us is to join the army.
b. 复数名词前有 a number of 或 one or two 修饰时，谓语用复数，如：
In this factory a number of workers are out of work now.
One or two plans are to be discussed.
c. 名词前有 a lot (of), lots (of), all (of), any (of), most (of), som e (of), none (of),
more than one, 分数或百分数等修饰语时，谓语名词的数视中心名词的数而定，如：
Some of the butter has gone.
Some doctors are not well trained.
More than one picture was burned in the fire.
Half of it was damaged.
Half of them are here.
d. "数词＋复数名词"作主语，若视为整体看待，表示距离、时间、价值、重量、
长度
等时，谓语通常用单数，如：
Four years in the university is meaningful to me.
Two hundred dollars is too much to pay.
Five thousand miles is too far to travel.
e. "the＋形容词"作主语表示某一类人时，具有复数意义，谓语用复数，如：The old are to be taken good care of in this community.
练习和答案
?(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 (4分，4分钟)
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very
difficult.
找出句中谓语的中心词（10分， 10分钟）
、①I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C.picture D. wall
、② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B.longer
C.days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A.
Do https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d011519113.html,ually C.go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D.
afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B.
to tell C. you D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. D
⑨He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to? A.
give B.did C. whom D. book
?(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
?①My brother hasn't done his homework.
A B C D
?②People all over the world speak English.
A B C D ③ You must pay
good attention to your pronunciation.
A B &
?nbsp; C D
?④How many new words did you learn last class?
A B C D
?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?
初中英语五种基本句型结构
初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面： 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为： 单选（1分） 写句子（1分） 写作（1-2分） 阅读理解（1-2分） 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型，在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句型，对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中，首先要能运用好这些基本句型，才能得到高分。 （一）五种基本句型的句子成分： 1. 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语（subject）：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语（verb）：谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。
英语句子结构分析
第一讲英语句子结构分析 教学重点： 1：掌握五种基本句型 2：了解除Be以外的其他四种系动词。 3：了解接TO和FOR的双宾语的动词有哪些。 4：能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。 句子的划分 I. 根据结构划分：①简单句 S+V（主+谓） S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O（主+谓+宾） S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾） S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补） ②并列句 and, but, or ③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同） 副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句） II. 根据功能划分：陈述句 疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问
句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句） 祈使句 感叹句 III. 根据句子成分：单个词汇 短语 从句 一．陈述句（五种句型） 1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网 上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。 5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上 一隐君子叫网虫。
I. 常用作连系动词： ①变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get\ become口语化，如果要说就用它. 口诀解读： 如：Dreams come true. 梦想成真。
英语句子结构分析
英语句子结构分析 来源：中文翻译英文作者：翻译器时间：2012-07-06 （https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d011519113.html,/kouyutingli/yulekouyu/20120706-11216.html） 英语句子结构分析 The English sentence structure analysis 英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句，就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句，下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。 The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis. 1、简单句 In 1, the simple sentence 简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式： A simple sentence, i.e. only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate ( or a ), sometimes the object; in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject. At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns. In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms: 主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar. Subject + verb ( transitive verb + object ); I hate grammar. 主语+ 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks. Subject + verb ( transitive verb ); Grammar sucks. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语Grammar is hell. Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell. 所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语)，有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。 Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate ( or a ), some sentences are also included in the object. Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear. 2、并列句 In 2, the compound sentence 并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可
初中英语句子结构
初中英语句子结构分析 一.句子的种类 （一）根据结构划分： ①简单句：（5种基本句型） S+Vi（主+谓） S+V系+ P (主+谓+表) S+Vt+O（主+谓+宾） S+Vt+IO+DO（主+谓+间宾+直宾） S+Vt+O+OC（主+谓+宾+宾补） ②并列句and, but, or ③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同） 副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句） （二）根据功能划分：陈述句, 祈使句, 感叹句，疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句， 选择疑问句，反意疑问句等） 二.简单句的基本句型介绍： 1. 基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖi （主＋不及物动词） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。 不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构， 如：1. We │come. 2. The sun│rose. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. 基本句型二：Ｓ+ Ｖ系+ Ｐ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 如：1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │is growing │tall and strong. 系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。 可分四类：1. 表“是” 如：be“是”(am, is, are, was, were) 2.表“感觉” 如：look看起来feel感到，sound听起来，smell闻起来，seem似乎 3. 表“变” 如：get变得, turn变得, grow变得，go变得, come变得, become成为 4. 表“保持” 如：keep保持, stay保持 常用连系动词的用法： ①变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀：好是come，坏是go; 天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run; 颜色、天气大不同turn；get / become口语化，如果要说就用它. 口诀解读： Come 一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。如:Dreams come true.梦想成真。 Go 一般表示事物由好变坏，结果是不好的。 如：It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了，菜都馊了。 Grow 表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌 变化的静态形容词。如:I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。 Run 与grow 是对应的，其主语多为能流动，能消耗的东西。 如：Still water runs deep.静水深流。 Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达与之前大不相同。 如：The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。 In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天树变绿了，花开了。 Get / become在口语表达时用得比较多，但这二者相比，become相对正式些， 其主语既可以是人也可以是物。 如：He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息，他变得很生气。 总之，不管英语多么“ 变”化多端，万“ 变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流，所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词，才能真正掌握其内涵。 ②保持某种状态：continue, keep, lie, remain, stand , stay. ③看起来，好像：appear, look, seem. ④感官动词：feel, smell, sound, taste. 注意：There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词“there那里”混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示“（存在）有某事物”。
划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习
划分句子成分练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1）Tree s turns green when spring comes. 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它们下面一般跟________词作表语。 练习 2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree. 2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an
international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5）She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affaires in that town. 6）I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 7）He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. 8）I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________，放在下面。 练习 3. 分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。 1）Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. 2）The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. 3）The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语句子结构成份
英语句子结构成份
词类 英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 英语句子成分 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有
最新经典英语句子成分分析
句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
英语基本句子结构
初中英语基本语法结构 句子是文章的基础，无论多长的文章都是由一个一个的句子组成的，因此，学习运用写作及阅读应学好造句，打好坚实的句法基础，才有可能写出好的文章。运用句子的基本结构 英语的句子千变万化，但是无论其怎样变化，都是由为数不多的几个基本句子结构扩展而来的，造句就好像画一棵树，掌握了句子的基本结构，就如同掌握了树干的画法，在此基础上便可以学习添枝加叶，画出千变万化的树木了。 运用的基本结构可以分为五个类型。 1、主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P） 列如：She is a student （身份）He has become an engineer It tastes sweet They are in the classroom 这种句子机构的动词是系动词，其后的表语表示主语的身份，特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少，最常用的是be的各种变化形式，初学者比较容易用错的是其他的系动词，如become，turn，look，seem，appear，sound，taste，smell，remain，prove，keep，fall，等的，由于系动词数量不多，初学者只要稍加留意就不会出错了。 2、主语+动词（S+V）列如：water flows He is reading She has arrived T hey will come Mary cried 这种句子结构的动词是不及物动词，其后无须跟其他的句子成分。初学者使用这类词时，应当注意不要受其汉语对应词意义的影响。例如汉语中的’到‘在英语中的对应词可以是arrive，也可以是reach，但是reach是及物动词，须有宾语，不能用在上面第三个例句中。反之，如果需要带宾语时，arrive后则应加介词。 例如：They have reached NEW YORK They have arrived at NEWYORK 3、主语+动词+宾语（S+V+O） 例如：Tom speaks English He bought a jacket They have finished the job Rose is reading a book 这种句子结构中的动词是单宾及物动词，其后必须跟一个宾语。英语中的及物动词大多数都属这一类。 4、主语+动词+宾语+宾语（S+V+O+O） 例如：Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a story Give us a ring when you arrive at the college The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up 这种句子结构中的动词是双宾及物动词，其后跟两个宾语，即间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语是动作承受者或结果，如上例中的English，a story ，a ring ，a thorough cleanup，间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的，如上例中的them，me，us和the classroom。虽然这类动词的数量不是很多，但使用频率很高，构成了一种英语
英语句子基本结构成分类型
英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾 语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1．S十V句式 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如： He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 2．S十V十P句式 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如： He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如： He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town．他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on．他有椅子坐。
英语句子的基本结构
英语句子的基本结构 英语句子由主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分构成。 主语：Subject=S.,表示句子所说的是什么人或事物。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词、代词的短语来充当。 谓语：Predicate,说明主语做什么、是什么或怎么样。 由动词Verb=V.来充当。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。 宾语：Object=O.,表示动作、行为的对象。及物动词Vt.后可以接双宾语 （即：间接宾语Indirect Object=Oi.; 直接宾语Direct Object=Od.）。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词代词的短语来充当。 表语：Predicative=P.,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 由名词n.、形容词adj.、代词pron.或相当于名词、形容词的短语来充当，和连系动词v.一起构成谓语。 补语：Object Complement=Oc.,放在某些及物动词Vt.的宾语O.后面，补充说明宾语的特征， 宾语和补语一起构成复合宾语。 根据谓语动词与其他成分的不同搭配，我们可以将英语句子归纳为以下五种基本句型 （祈使句除外） 1. 主语+不及物动词 S+Vi. Example: The teacher left yesterday. 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 S+Vt+O. Example: He teaches English. 3. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+Vt+Oi+Od Example: He teaches us English 或主语+及物动词+直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语 S+Vt +Od+for/to+ Oi He teaches English to us. 4. 主语+连系动词+表语 S+V+P Example: It is fine today. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S+Vt+O+Oc Example:
英语句子结构
英语句子结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾 语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1．S十V句式 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如：He runs quickly． 他跑得快。 They listened carefully． 他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger． 他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．
中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out． 煤气用完了。 My ink has run out． 我的钢笔水用完了。 2．S十V十P句式 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如： He is older than he looks． 他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book． 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting． 这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard． 书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice． 饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc． 花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．
英语句子组成结构
英语句子组成结构 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
英语句子组成结构 英语句子组成结构：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式 I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。 My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，说明动词在执行什么动作。宾语从句就是指动作的宾语是一句话。跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 We like English.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。作定语的句子就叫作定语从句。定语从句所修饰、限定的词叫先行词。定语从句通常跟在和它发生关系的先行词之后，它与先行词有着不可分割的联系。它通常是由关系代词(who，whom， whose，that，which，as)和关系副词(where，when，why， how)来
高中英语句子结构及类型大全
中学英语句子大全 英语学习的四原则：全（记得要全）、熟（熟练）、精（总结精华）、活（活学活用） 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 【附着在表面上，单独存在没有意义】 一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祁使句除外）——主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么，谓语则用以说明主语的情况，它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。 除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，如用在系动词后表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语，用在及物动后，表示行为对象或结果的宾语，修饰或限定名词或代词的定语，修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，名词化的形容词，动词不定式，动名词或从句。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不能再接对象（即宾语），这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 2. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 6. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 7. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
英语五大基本句型结构介绍
句子的基本句型 由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分，按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。 句子成分的表示方法： S: Subject主语； V: Verb动词； O: Object宾语； P: Predicative表语； IO: Indirect Object间接宾语； DO：Direct Object 直接宾语
OC: Object Complement宾语补足语； ◇第一种句型：主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词，其后当然不能接宾语，但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议九点开始。 ◇第二种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO) 该句型所用动词都是及物动词，可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。 We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语) She stopped him. 她叫住了他。(代词作宾语) She wants to ask a question. 她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语) They enjoy listening to the classic music. 他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语) 注意：一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能，其后就可以接宾语了。 这一类词组有：listen to 听；look at 看；look after 照看；look for 寻找；arrive at/in 到达等。 May I turn on the light? 我可以开灯吗? What are you looking for? 你在找什么? ◇第三种句型：主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词的后面必须接表语，说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。 She became a lawyer last year. 去年，她成为了一名律师。 He is honest. 他是诚实的。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气渐渐冷了。 It tastes delicious. 这好吃极了。 下列动词也作连系动词使用：look 看起来；smell 闻起来；sound 听起来；taste 尝起来；feel 感觉；keep 保持；grow/go/get/turn变得。 ◇第四种句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，但某些动词，除直接宾语外，还要求一个间接宾语，以表示该动词所表示的动作所及的人或物，通常由名词或代词的宾格担任。 She gave me a ticket for that film. 她给了我一张那部电影的票。