翻译期末考试练习
翻译练习一（英译汉）：
一、将下列句子译成汉语：
1. It's more a poem than a picture.
1. 与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首诗。
2. He drank himself out of the best lines.
2. 他借酒写得好诗句。
3. He pretends to be as modest as anything.
4. Fire goes wherever it can, but it prefers to follow a draft.
5. The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it.
6. Taking care to pitch my voice to politeness, I asked about the next bus to Hattiesburg.
7. If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret.
8. The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age.
9. He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes with him and who has been there himself.
10. World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for
throughout his life he avoided publicity.
11. She couldn't have come at a better time.
12. She has been a widow only six months.
13. I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn.
14. The Macedonian argument has a Greek dimension too.
15. The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality.
16. From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as
there are different wave lengths.
17. But the next century we'll be able to alter our DNA radically,
encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms.
18. As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and
moral superiority by respecting others for who they are -- instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.
19. He who idles away the time is nothing but a living death.
20. No greater misfortune befalls a country than to be governed by a
tyrant.
21. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in
rapid succession.
22. The expectation of collision informed British frontier policy in this
period.
23. Every day now, the suppression of truth and the organizing of
public ignorance shame journalism.
24. I walked to the ticket counter. When the ticket-seller saw me, her
otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so.
25. Accident may put a decisive blunderer in the right, but eternal
defeat and miscarriage must attend the man of the best parts, if cursed with indecision.
26. In their rush, these companies have neglected the hardest part of
doing business in China: the people part. The result is that many have jeopardized their performance in the long run.
27. Let it deceive them, then, a little longer; it cannot deceive them too
much.
28. We shall never get anywhere with all the criticism and fault finding. I
believe in the principle "Live and let live".
29. He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his
word after losing several games.
30. I had read too many novels and had learned too much at school not to
know a good deal about love.
31. In fact, one office-system expert recently said that he had yet to
encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than 60 percent efficiency.
32. Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in
advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and serious faults.
33. There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to
appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it.
34. We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human
implies that we will make mistakes. But it's more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled.
35. She showered us with telegrams.
36. Your comment is more bravely made than correct.
37. The man, more dead than alive, was brought in and locked in the
cellar.
38. Civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to
proof.
39. There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan
that pleased all of them.
40. It was a dry, cold hand, and the grip was severe, with more a feeling
of bones in it than friendliness.
（翻译练习一英译汉）参考答案：
一、将下列句子译成汉语：
1. 与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首诗。
2. 他借酒写得好诗句。
3. 他装得极为谦虚。
4. 火是无孔不入的，可是它更爱窜入通风的地方。
5. 循声而去，便轻而易举地找到了那间屋子。
6. 我陪着小心，用温和的口吻询问开往哈蒂斯堡下一斑车的情况。
7. 在社交场合，你就是感到情绪压抑，也不要表露出来。
8. 患有流感的幼儿和老人可能并发细菌性肺炎。
9. 他要找一位了解他的案情，同情他的处境，并有过亲身经历的
人当他的律师。
10.他的著作举世闻名，而他个人却一直默默无闻，因为他一生始
终避免抛头露面。
11. 她来得正是时候。
12. 她的丈夫去世至今不过半年。
13. 我认为那篇讲话口气强硬，大可不必。
14. 马其顿之争同希腊也有关系。
15.英国人同其他民族一样，也有丰富的感情。
16.从物理学的观点来看，不同的波长有多少种，颜色就有多少种。
17.但下个世纪我们将能根本改变DNA，能在构建新的生命时把我
们的种种想象、种种出于虚荣的要求，都编入遗传密码。18. 作为人，我们应该不问他人的身份如何都尊重他们，从而显示
出自己高超的智慧和道德，而不要因为他们没有某种身份或
地位而去卑视他们。
19. 虚度年华者，虽生犹死。
20. 国之大难莫过于暴君当道。
21. 他有一种习惯让人受不了，意见反复不定，一会儿一个变化。
22. 英国预计到了将会发生冲突，并据此对这一时期的边境政策作
了调整。
23. 现在，天天都在隐瞒真相，愚弄公众，这种做法是新闻界的耻
辱。
24. 我走到售票台。女售票员一看见我，她那原本颇为动人的脸刷
地一沉，变得怒气冲冲。
25. 出错者若处事果断，仍可意外取得成功；才干出众者若优柔寡
断，必然屡屡失误。
26．这些公司在一拥而入之中忽略了在中国经营最艰巨的问题，即人的问题，结果许多公司严重损害了他们的远期经营业绩。
27. 那就让这事再骗他们一会儿吧，无论怎样骗他们都不算过分。
28. 这一套批评挑剔的做法是行不通的。我相信“互相容忍”的原
则。
29. 他说打网球没人打得过他，但输了几场之后，他只好承认自己
说错了。
30. 我读过很多小说，在学校里所见所闻也不少，对于爱情自然就
知道得很多。
31. 事实上，有位办公制度专家最近说过，他还没见到过有哪个办
公场所的工作效率高于百分之六十。
32. 有头脑的人谁也不会指望求职者说出自己的缺点和严重过错，
同样，也不会指望广告里说的全是真话。
33. 对于外国人（甚至包括英国人）来说，要欣赏丰富多采的英语，
最好的办法也许就是学习莎士比亚使用英语的各种方法。
34. 我们是凡人，而凡人远非十全十美。作为凡人就是说我们会犯
错误。但是，我们觉得自己是凡人不仅仅由于我们会犯错误。
我们如今感到有权利犯错误。
35. 她的电报纷至沓来。
36. 你的评论勇敢有余，正确不足。
37. 那人被半死不活地带进地窖关了起来。
38. 谦恭不是软弱，真诚总须凭据。
39. 这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以他们都很满
意。
40. 那是一只干瘪冰冷的手，紧紧的一握，只让人觉得摸到一把骨
头，并没有感受到什么友情。
二、将下列语段译成汉语：
1.Transplant surgeons work miracles. They take organs from one body
and integrate them into another, granting the lucky recipient a longer, better life. Sadly, every year thousands of other people are less fortunate, dying while they wait for suitable organs to be found. The terrible constraint on organ transplantation is that every life extended depends on the death of someone young enough and healthy enough to have organs worth transplanting. Such donors are few. The waiting lists are long, and getting longer.
1. 器官移植医生身手不凡。他们从一人体内取出器官移植到另一
人体内，让幸运的器官接受者延长寿命改善生活。可惜的是，每年还有成千上万的人却没有那么幸运，他们等不及找到合适的器官就死去了。器官移植的最大制约是，每延长一个人的生命一定要有另一个人的死亡，而且这个人必须年青健康其器官具有移植价值。这样的器官供体很少，而等待移植的人数却很多，而且越来越多。
2.Freedom from this constraint is the dream of every transplant
surgeon. So far attempts to make artificial organs have been disappointing: nature is hard to mimic. Hence the renewed interest in trying to use organs from animals.
2. 解除这种制约是每个器官移植医生的希望。迄今为止，制作人
造器官的种种努力结果不尽人意，因为天地间万物很难仿造。于是，人们又对设法利用动物器官产生了兴趣。
3.Doctors in India have just announced that they have successfully transplanted a heart from a pig into a person. Pressure to increase the number of such xenotransplants（异种器官移植）seems to be growing. In Europe and America, herds of pigs are being specially bred and genetically engineered for organ donation. During 1996 at least two big reports on the subject -- one in Europe and one in America -- were published. They agreed that xenotransplants were permissible on ethical grounds，and cautiously recommended that they be allowed. America's Food and Drug Administration has already published draft guidelines for xenotransplantation.
3. 印度的医生刚宣布一条消息，他们把猪的心脏移植于人体已经取得成功。看来人们越来越迫切要求增加这种异体器官的移植。欧洲和美国正在专门培育大批的猪经遗传工程处理后用于提供器官。1996年这一课题至少发表了两篇重要报告，一篇在欧洲，一篇在美国。两篇报告一致认为异种器官移植在伦理上是可行的，并审慎地建议应准予施行。美国的食品和药物管理局已经公布了异种器官移植的管理原则草案。
4.The ethics of xenotransplantation are relatively unworrying. People already kill pigs both for food and for sport; killing them to save a human life seems, if anything, easier to justify.However, the science of xenotransplantation is much less straightforward.
4.异种器官移植的伦理问题相对来说不用操心。人们为了食用和娱乐已经在杀猪了，看来杀诸为了救人一命怎么说也更容易证明是合情合理的。然而，异种器官移植科学远非如此简单。
5.I'll never forget the feeling I got one winter night as I walked the deserted streets after many grueling hours at the hospital. I suddenly realized that I no longer felt tense or tired. All the worries about my patients' illnesses, as well as my own personal cares, seemed to evaporate as quickly as the smoky vapor of my breath in the frosty night.As I incorporated walking into my schedule, not only were my spirits lifted, but my weight and blood pressure were gradually reduced. I began reviewing the medical literature on walking. From this research, and my clinical observations as a family physician, I found that it is possible to walk your way to better health, a trimmer body and a longer life -- no matter what your age.
5.一个冬夜，经过了医院里好几个小时精疲力竭的工作后我漫步
在空旷无人的大街上，那种感觉永远都无法忘却。我一下子发现自己不再感到紧张疲劳。什么病人的病情、个人的烦恼，似乎就像寒夜中呼出的热气，一下子都烟消云散了，我把散步纳入了每天的日程，不仅精神振作了，而且体重和血压也逐渐下降了。我开始查阅有关散步的医学文献。通过研究，还通过从事家庭保健医生工作中的临床观察，我发现，无论年龄大小，散步都能健身瘦身，延年益寿。
汉英翻译技巧
汉英翻译技巧1：合并(Combination)
(1) 天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。
It was so cold that the river froze.
(2) 理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
(3) 他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。
He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle.
(4) 年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。
All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election.
(5) 当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。
At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors.
(6) 她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements.
(7) 这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。
This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with surprising speed.
(8) 只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。
A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.
(9) 看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。
The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned and gasping.
(10) 还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。（老舍"骆驼祥子"）
It was still hot but everyone felt much better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope.
汉英翻译技巧2：补偿(Compensation)
1. 九州Jiuzhou -- a poetic name for China
2. 八股文
Eighth-part essay prescribed for the imperial civil service examinations-- known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas
3. 狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心
Like the dog that bit Lu Tungpin--you bite the hand that feeds you.
4. 猫哭老鼠--假慈悲
The cat weeping over the dead mouse--shed crocodile tears.
5. 苏轼: Su Shi (formerly translated as Su Shih, 1037-1101),alias Su
Dongpo, writer and calligrapher of the Song Dynasty.
6. 秀才Xiucai, one who passed the imperial examination at the county level in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
7. 牛郎织女the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver-two figures in ancient Chinese fairy tale (Later it also refers to husband and wife who live far apart.)
8. 蓝田人Lantian Man, ape-man of about 600,000 years ago whose fossil remains were found in Lantian, Shanxi Province in 1964
9. 开绿灯turn on the green light (provide conveniences for certain affairs, so that they could proceed smoothly)
10. 梅雨季节plum rain season (about 1-month rainy season usu. beginning in early summer when plum fruit becomes ripe in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River) or moldy season, a rainy season when everything goes moldy easily in the said area.
汉英翻译技巧3：分译(division)
(1) 不久，她提着篮子回来了。
Very soon she came back, holding a basket in her hand.
(2) 他拉过一把椅子放在客人背后。
He drew up a chair and placed it behind the visitor.
(3) 周萍一个人从饭厅走上来，望望花园，冷清清的，没有一人。Zhou Ping appears from the dining room. He is alone. He peers out at the garden. It is silent and deserted.
(4) 他哼着曲子从山上走下来。
He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.
(5) 人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。
The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.
(6) 我们的目的一定要达到，我们的目的一定能够达到。
Our goal must be attained. Our goal will be attained.
(7) 我们的革命已经获得全世界广大人民的同情和欢呼，我们的朋友遍于全世界。
Our revolution has won the sympathy and acclaim of the people of all countries. We have friends all over the world.
(8) 我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：我们出口商品就是为了满足国外客户消费方面的需要。
The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple. Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.
(9) 这次大会充分发扬了民主，大家心情舒畅，生动活泼；真正开成了一个团结的大会，胜利的大会。
The conference has given full expression to democracy; the atmosphere has been lively and the delegates have enjoyed ease of mind. Ours has indeed been a congress of unity, a congress of victory.
(10) 这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正促使它们的政府和我们做生意，以致建立外交关系，这是善意的，这就是援助。
The Communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their governments to established trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill, this is help.
汉英翻译技巧4：形合(Hypotaxis)
1. 让壁立的岩石，静静流着的小河，风过处便窃窃私语的树林，都作为自己的亲密邻居。
All the company she had were the steep cliffs, the gently flowing stream, and the trees that whispered in the wind.
2. 汉朝人在宫殿和墓前的石室里，多喜欢绘画或雕刻古来的帝王、孔子的弟子、列士、列女、孝子之类的图。
People of the Han Dynasty liked to have paintings or caved relief of rulers of old, disciples of Confucius, eminent scholars and ladies and filial sons in the palaces or the stone chambers before their tombs.
3. 不必说碧绿的菜畦，光滑的石井栏，高大的皂荚树，紫红的桑椹……
I need not speak of the green vegetable plots, the slippery stone coping round the well, the tall honey locust tree, or the purple mulberries.
4. 尽着他的腿的力量走了一天，问了一天，没有消息。
As long as his legs would move he walked on, asking, but by the end of the day he still had no news.
5. 七股大水，从水库的桥孔跃出，仿佛七幅闪光黄锦，直铺下去，碰着嶙峋的乱石，激起一片雪白水珠，脱线一般，撒在洄漩的水面。Seven torrents were rushing through the archways of the bridge like seven glittering rolls of cloth of gold cascading on to the jagged rocks below and scattering snow-white bubbles like a string of broken beads on the swirling water.
6. 月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里，叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦Moonlight cascaded like water over the locus leaves and flowers, and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream.
7. 另一方面，必须用上述材料进行广泛宣传，使人们认识到，自然
保护区是保护自然及文化遗产的基本单位，它们是在人类进步里程中长期斗争中形成的，对经济建设有着重要的作用。
On the other hand, it is necessary to carry on the extensive publicity, enabling the public to know that the protected areas are the basic unit of the management of the natural and cultural heritages which are formed in the struggle process against the nature by human beings and will play an important role in the economic construction.
8. 为保护海洋环境，促进海洋经济发展，必须提高对海洋环境监测的认识，增加投入，加强"热点"海域的监测，减少海洋的损失，加强海洋生物监测，避免潜伏的海洋灾害发生。
In order to promote the development of sustainable marine economy and conserve marine environment, we should pay great attention to reinforcing awareness of marine environmental monitoring, increasing investment and strengthening the monitoring in "hot spots" as well as biological monitoring to avoid marine calamity.
9. 饭菜虽然简单，但别有一番风味，屋外一团漆黑，穿过松林的风发出如火车的轰鸣声，我们在摇曳不定的煤油灯下豪情与老人干杯。When we enjoyed the simple but tasty food and drank cheerful toasts with the old man under the flickering oil-lamp, darkness reigned the outside world where the wind was thundering through the pinewood like a train.
10. 仍像往常一样，把晴美的阳光抹上满峡的树林，叫带露的树叶都亮得耀人的眼睛。
Just as on any other day, the morning sun spread its fine light over the wooded valley, till the dewy leaves and grass glistened with a dazzling brightness.
汉英翻译技巧5：音译(transliteration)
1. 胡同：hutong
2. 饺子：jiaozi
3. 武术：wushu
4. 普通话：putonghua
5. 旗袍：qipao
6. 上海：Shanghai
（以上6例皆可作为"标准汉音"的例子。）
7. 豆腐：tofu
8. 功夫：gongfu
9. 乒乓：ping-pong
10.炒面：chow mien
(以上例8-10也可作为回译EC部分的例子)
汉英翻译技巧6：习语(Translation of Idioms)
直译
(1) 男男女女都七嘴八舌地说出他们的惦记和盼念。
With seven mouths and eight tongues, all were talking together. They tried to tell how they had missed him.
(2) 亡羊补牢to mend the fold after a sheep is lost
直译加注
(3)司马昭之心，已是路人皆知。
This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to every man in the street.
(Sima zhao was a prime minister of Wei (220-265)who nursed a secret ambition to usurp the throne. The emperor once remarked: "Sima Zhao's intention is obvious to every man in the street."
(4) 你说这话，意思是要领导上三请诸葛？
What you say implies that the leadership should ask you three times, like Zhuge Liang, doesn't it?
(Zhuge Liang, a statesman and strategist in the State of Shu during the period of wisdom and resourcefulness in Chinese folklore. )
同义习语套用
(5) 晴天霹雳 a bolt from the blue.
(6) 只有破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，还许有翻身的一天。
All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day you'll come out on top.
意译
(7) 我要有个三长两短，你给玉山捎个话！
If anything should happen to me , let Yushan know!
(8) 大智若愚A truly wise person does not show off his (her) ability.
直译加意译
(9) 瞎子点灯白费蜡as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.
(10) 梅她一个单身人，无亲无故。
Mei was all by herself and far from home, without a single relative or friend to help her.
临时变体
(11) 换汤不换药（张培基习语汉译英研究）
old wine in new bottles ( 原有习语为new wine in old bottles) (12) 守株待兔（同上）
to wait for gains without pains ( 原有习语为No pains, no gains )
省略
(13) 这女子真有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌。
The girl's beauty would put the flowers to shame.
(14) 冷淡的阳关照着他们的愁眉苦脸和长发白眼。
The cold, pale sunlight fell on their gloomy faces, long hair and lusterless eyes.
增添
(15) 螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后
The mantis stalks the cicada, unaware of the oriole lurking behind itself.
(16) 树倒猢狲散
Once the tree falls, the monkeys on it will flee helter-skelter.
混喻的回避
(17) 让我们乘风破浪，奋勇前进。
Let us march forward valiantly, braving all difficulties and hardships! (如果直译成Let us march forward valiantly, braving winds and waves 之类的句子，其中就出现了march和waves 的混喻问题。解决的办法是1，"乘风破浪"和"奋勇前进"在意义上本是相互重复，加以"乘风破浪"这个习语由于使用过多实际上以不存在什么形象性，英译时可略成Let us march forward valiantly! 2, 意译法处理习语"乘风破浪"，成Let us march forward valiantly, braving all difficulties and hardships!)
粗俗语的回避
借用同义习语或意译等方法回避。
(18) 她不满意人家说她是三枪打不出一个闷屁的落后的人。
It annoyed her that people should say that she was backward and that no amount of coaxing would open her mouth to speak.
相对应的英语粗俗语来代替原文中的汉语粗俗语。
(19) 混蛋！再打一个电话去！叫他马上来见我！
"You blasted idiots! Go and ring him up again and tell him to come round at once!"
翻译练习二（汉译英）附参考答案：
一、将下列句子译成英语：
1. 近来，研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。
Recent research discoveries indicate that flu can be spread by hand contacts.
2. 那个家伙老师滔滔不绝讲个不停。
That fellow is very talkative.
3. 有一个有力的证据足以推定他们所讲的是真实的。
There is a strong presumption in favor of the truthfulness of their statement.
4. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。
You should firstly taste the bitterness of gall, and then you can be successful.
5. 如果你那样干，你大错特错了。
If you do it like that, you’ll be absolutely wrong.
6. 像他这样的人大有人在。
A person like him is never rare.
7.我们总要相信，全世界也好，我们中国也好，多数人是好人。
We must believe that in China, as everywhere else in the world, the majority of the people are good.
8.民主自由都是相对的，不是绝对的，都是在历史上发生和发展的。Both democracy and freedom are relative, not absolute, and they come into being and develop in specific historical conditions.
9.对于贵公司提供的各式纺织品，我们非常有兴趣。现决定试订如下。
订购条件依照贵公司来函所述，惟请贵方保证能在本月底之前及时交货。
We are very interested in the different types of textiles you offer and have decided to place a trial order for the following, on the terms stated in your letter, but only if you can guarantee dispatch in time to reach us by the end of this month.
10.中国正在由计划经济向市场经济转轨，因此我们的经济体制改革必然会涉及到外国投资政策的调整，而调整的目的是为了加速与国际接轨
的进程。
China is undergoing the process of transition from a planned to a market economy. Therefore, our reform of the economic system is bound to involve readjustments in some foreign investment policies, the goal of which is to accelerate links with the usual international practices.
11.湖南人杰地灵，这里拥有绚丽多姿的世界自然遗产张家界，孕育出毛泽东等老一辈无产阶级革命家，滋养着苗、侗、土家等众多少数民族同胞。充满诗情画意的青山绿水和闪烁着灿烂光辉的潇湘文化为湖南发展旅游业提供了丰富的资源。
Hunan is famous for its scenic beauty, including a world natural heritage site Zhangjiajie. It is also where many revolutionists were born, including former Chairman Mao Zedong. Besides, it is a place of different minority groups, including the Miao, Dong and Tujia. The poetic scenery and profound culture have provided rich tourist resources for Hunan Province.
12.凡因本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议应通过友好协商解决。若协商不成，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会上海分会，按照申请时该会当时施行的仲裁规定进行仲裁。仲裁结果为最终裁决，对双方均有约束力。
Any dispute arising from or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation. In case no settlement is reached, the dispute shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC), Shanghai Commission, for arbitration in accordance with its rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.