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2018年英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意类练案

2018年英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意类练案
2018年英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意类练案

专题一阅读理解

第四讲词义猜测类

真题验证

A

(2017·天津,C)导学号 47404020 This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.

The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.

Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.

“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.

Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.

An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.

But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars,” Merat says. “You know—no driver.”

Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.

Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in

the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.

That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.

文章大意:这是一篇议论文。随着无人驾驶车辆的逐步推广,无人驾驶车辆出现事故时的责任认定成为一个难题。德国交通部长提出了第一套自主驾驶车辆的交通法规,并就此提出了自己的主张。

?What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?____D____ A.A place where cars often break down.

B.A case where passing a law is impossible.

C.An area where no driving is permitted.

D.A situation where drivers' role is not clear.

解析:考查推理判断。根据下文“the grey area between...the driverless future”对“死亡谷”的解释,可知这里的“死亡谷”指的是:半自动驾驶与完全无人驾驶的汽车之间的这片中间区域(界线不明、难以界定的领域),故应指驾驶员的角色不明朗的情景,D项描述与之吻合。

?The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to____B____.

A.stop people from breaking traffic rules

B.help promote fully automatic driving

C.protect drivers of all ages and races

D.prevent serious property damage

解析:考查推理判断。根据第三段提到德国交通部长希望的三件事以及第四段说交通道路法规中关于自主驾驶车辆的这种变化将会允许完全自主驾驶的车辆投入使用(permit fully automatic driving)可知,选B。

?What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?____D____ A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.

B.It should be the main concern of law makers.

C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.

D.It should involve no human responsibility.

解析:考查推理判断。题干询问消费者(乘客)对于无人驾驶汽车的看法,在谈到谁应承担无人驾驶车辆的责任时,第七段说,当你说无人驾驶车辆的时候,人们以为是没有司机,从这些信息可以推断出,消费者在这种情况下会觉得没有为无人驾驶车辆的安全问题负责的人,故选D。

?Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in ____C____.

A.Singapore B.the UK

C.the US D.Germany

解析:考查细节理解。在谈到无人驾驶车辆在各国的前景时,最后两段谈到在英国和新加坡,由政府提供的无人驾驶车辆正在投入使用,但是在美国这种情况就会很糟糕(go down poorly in the US),在这里,认为政府会接管无人驾驶车辆,把它们作为对公众有益的事物,这是完全行不通的(would get absolutely nowhere),由此推断,作者觉得这种无人驾驶车辆在美国没有发展前景。故选C。

?What could be the best title for the passage?____A____

A.Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?

B.Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough

C.Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!

D.Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents

解析:考查主旨大意。全文把德国交通部长的提议作为引入,讲述了无人驾驶车辆的法律责任的认定,无人驾驶车辆在遇到车祸时首先应该保障的是车辆还是乘客的安全等问题,因此选A。

B

(2017·全国Ⅰ,C)导学号 47404021 Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.

Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.

It's Jason Moran's job to help change __that__. As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.

“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. “What I'm hopi ng to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black or white anymore. It's actually colorful, and it's actually digital.”

Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect

of the music has been lost. “The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.

Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”

文章大意:本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。

?Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?____D____

A.To remember the birth of jazz.

B.To protect cultural diversity.

C.To encourage people to study music.

D.To recognize the value of jazz.

解析:考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures”可知,联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日,旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识,故答案为D。

?What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?____C____ A.Jazz becoming more accessible.

B.The production of jazz growing faster.

C.Jazz being less popular with the young.

D.The jazz audience becoming larger.

解析:考查代词指代。根据语境可知,画线词that指代上段“Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations”的内容,即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化,不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。

?What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?____C____

A.It will disappear gradually.

B.It remains black and white.

C.It should keep up with the times.

D.It changes every 50 years.

解析:考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可知,由于时代在改变,人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变,所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变,才能吸引更多的听众。故选C。

?Which of the following can be the best title for the text?____A____ A.Exploring the Future of Jazz

B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz

C.The Story of a Jazz Musician

D.Celebrating the Jazz Day

解析:考查主旨要义。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐,联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知,A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。

C

(2017·江苏,B)导学号 47404022

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This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me!” call.

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers

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【英语】英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、阅读理解 1.阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne(凡尔纳) as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth(1864) and From the Earth to the Moon(1865). In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions(预言)for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! (1)What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. (2)What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. (3)Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. (4)Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. (5)According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.

初中英语阅读理解主旨大意题

(1) “You're just in time, Joe. We're going to play cowboys(牛仔)and Indians, and you can be the Indians. ”One of my cousins(堂兄弟)said. “How many Indians?”I asked. “Oh, about a thousand. ”He answered, and before I could say no,I was pushed out into the night and became a thousand Indians. Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group of cowboys behind. The shouts of “After them. Let's catch the killers!”and other such TV play language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpa's car. “We've got him, boys. Let's go and catch him!” But no one wanted to come to get me. All of my cousins except one were always very friendly with. It was quiet outside. And I went out of the car to have a look. Just then I heard a shout , “Bring the rope(绳子), and we can burn him. ” “Only Indians burn people. Cowboys.”I stopped just in time. I had almost said, “Cowboys hang(绞死)people. ” I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called, “We're leaving now. ” “Untie me.”I shouted. ”We're going. “Why did Bobby want matches(火柴)?”Mum asked when we were in the car. “He was asking Dad whether he had any. ” “oh, he was just going t matches? MA TCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches” Mother was quite sure, and I didn't say any more. 1.How many children played the Indians? [ ] A.One thousand B.One hundred C.One group D.One 2.Why did Joe's cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because______. [ ] A.there were not enough children four the game B.the game was just going to start C.none of his cousins wanted to be the Indians D.they were waiting for Joe 3.Joe didn't say “Cowbays hang people.”Because______. [ ] A.he was tied to a tree B.that would make things worse C.he was caught by the cowboys D.that would make the cowboys angry 4.Which of the following is TRUE? [ ] A.One of Joe's cousins was looking for matches. B.Dad didn't want to give the children any matches. C.Bobby wanted to get some matches from his father. D.Mum didn't think children should play with matches. 5.The name of the story should he“______.”[ ] A.Joe and his cousins B.Who knows what danger is waiting there

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