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大学英语六级考试趋势分析

大学英语六级考试趋势分析
大学英语六级考试趋势分析

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词汇与语法结构命题趋势

Ⅰ词汇命题趋势

《大学英语教学大纲修订稿》对大学英语基础阶段词汇教学的较高要求(六级)规定如下:

领会式掌握的单词为5,500个,其中复合式掌握的单词为3,000个,以及由这些词构成的常用词组2000条(中学所掌握的单词和词组包括在内),并具有按照构词法识别生词的能力,领会式掌握是指看到英语单词能理解其词义,复合式掌握是指能正确拼写单词并掌握其基本词义和用法。大学英语六级测试就是检验学生是否达到了较高要求。

在大学英语六级考试中,词汇和语法同属一个考试项目,考试时间为20分钟,考试题数为30个,计分为每小题0.5分,其计15分。题目分配:30道题中,约60%(18道题)为词和短语的用法,约40%(12道题)为语法结构。可见,与四级测试相比而言,六级更重视词汇的测试。考试范围为教学大纲词汇表一至六级全部内容。测试词汇量大约5000~5300个单词及一定量的习语,涉及动词、动词短语、名词、形容词和副词等,目的是为了测试学生运用词、短语的能力。

从历年大学英语六级考试的试卷分析可以看出:词汇测试主要集中在词义的记忆与辨析、词汇的搭配与用法等项目上,归纳起来,可大致分为下列几种:

1.同义、近义辨析题词汇区别是词汇测试的一个重要方面,它主要是对同义词或近义词在含义与用法上进行区别。这类试题的选项是四个词性相同、词义相同或相近的词。测试的目的在于检测考生辨别词义和运用词汇的能力。词汇区别一直是学生在学习英语过程中遇到的一大难题。这主要是由于他们没有掌握汉英两种语言在词汇方面的差异,往往只注意英语的汉语释义,而忽略了其本身的内在涵义和用法。

eg. The driver of the lorry sustained only minor to legs and arms. A. hurtB. wound C. harm D. injury答案D。

餐车司机的腿和胳膊只受了一些轻伤。这道题测试考生对同义词细微差别的辨别能力。

四个选项中的名词都含有“伤害”之意,但它们之间还有语义使用范围上的细微差别。hurt多指“感情、精神”上的伤害。wound多指由枪炮等武器所造成的伤害。harm指危害、害伤。injury指在事故、战争中所受的伤害。根据题意,答案应选D。

2.近形词汇题英语词汇中,有一些拼写很相似,但它们的词义或词性却不同。英语六级考试的一条重要命题规律就是用形近词来干扰考生作出正确选择。其目的是要检测考生辨别词形和运用词汇的能力。如果考生平时不善于对形近词进行自觉的对比,对它们的差异不甚了解,那就会在答题时绯徊不定,难以作出正确的选择,甚至张冠李戴。

eg.Though the long term cannot be predicted, the project has been approvedby the committee. A.affect B.effect C.effortD.afford答案B。尽管工程的远期效果还无法预测,委员会还是批准了这项工程。这四个词拼写相似,但它们的词义或词性却不同。affect动词,意为“影响”;effect为名词,意为“效果”;effort名词,意为“努力”;afford动词,意为“负担得起;提供”。

掌握了它们之间的这些差异,你会毫不犹豫地选择B。

3.词组与习惯用法辨析题

1)动词短语搭配英语动词短语是英语的难点之一,它是由动词+副词、动词+介词、动词+副词+介词几种方式构成的惯用组合,具有自己独特的意义。其意义、语法、用法等常使考生感到困难。首先,动词短语的词义不是动词和副词、介词等小品词的简单组合,往往难以从字面上理解。其次,动词短语的使用场合及范围不易弄清楚。第三,同义、近义和反义的动词短语容易混淆。要学好英语,必须学会使用动词短语。测试动词短语的题目在词汇题中占有很大的比例,其目的是测试考生辨别和运用动词短语,尤其是同一动词所构成的不同动词短语的能力。

eg.The car won't start because the battery was ._______ A.run up B.run downC.run off D.run over答案B。

蓄电池电力减弱了,因此汽车无法发动起来。这是一个因果关系的句子。“汽车为什么发动不起来?”原因是“电池电力减弱”。四个选项中,只有rundown 有“减弱”之意,其它三个选择项与本句意思不合。run up表示“增长”,run off “逃离”;runover“溢出”。如果考生掌握了这四个动词短语的含义,就会作出正确的选择了。

2)习惯用语题英语习语(English idiom)具有特有的、约定俗成的结构形式,如“步行”,可说on foot,不说byfoot,而“乘车”要说by bus,不说on bus。再如anything but与nothing but两个词组意义完全不同anythingbut的基本意思是not at all,而nothingbut的基本意思是only。英语中的习语令人眼花缭乱,其构成形式有的甚至无规律可循。它们通常由两个或两个以上的词组成,不能任意拆开。其意义常常不是单词意义的简单结合,而是另外具有新的意义。因此,应把词组作为一个整体来记。测试的目的是检验考生对常用词组的理解和运用能力。来源:考试大

eg.Please don't stand in the kitchen door, you're ______ . A.in a way B.bythe

way C.in no way D.in the way答案D。不要站在厨房门口,你挡路了。

这四个选择项都是固定词组,都有自己的含义。ina way表示“在某种程度上或某点上”;by the way“顺便说一下”;in noway“决不”;in theway表示“挡路,妨碍”;“阻止”。根据题意答案应为D。学生面对这些貌似杂乱无章,没有规律可循的习惯表达法,一方面要广读多看,博词强记;另一方面还要会寻找规律,学会归纳,避免机械记忆而事倍功半。总而言之,解答词汇题的先决条件是对词汇的理解和辨析。因此考生平时要注意弄清楚词的内涵和外部关系,尤其是要注意了解名词、动词、形容词等实词彼此之间以及它们与介词或副词之间的搭配关系。与此同时,还要留心词的惯用法,把习语作为一个整体储存在脑海里。

Ⅱ语法命题趋势

语法结构是考生必须掌握的一个重要部分。在六级考试中,语法内容出现在词语用法与语法结构这一部分(V ocabulary andStructure)。从以往考试的全真题来看,语法结构所占的比例略小于词语用法,但数目相差并不多。语法测试要求考生根据题目所提供的某种线索,从给出的四个选择项中选出在语法规则上、语意逻辑上及文体上与题干完全吻合的最佳答案。从内容上来看,语法部分的测试强调全面性,除略微偏重虚拟语气外,教学大纲语法结构表中的其他语法项目几乎都涉及到了。语法测试的另一个重要特点是其特殊性,测试的重点多为语法项目中的特殊点,如虚拟语气中if的省略与倒装、情态动词与完成体的搭配等。

因此,考生必须在全面、准确、透彻掌握基本语法项目的基础上,进一步钻研其中特殊的疑难点,并辅以大量的练习,才能顺利通过语法难关。语法结构部分主要测试时态和语态、虚拟语气、主从复合句(定语从句、名词从句、状语从句等)、句法结构(强调句型、倒装语序、独立结构等)以及一致问题、固定句型等内容。考生需要注意的是,在开始答题之前,一定要对选择项及题干进行认真的分析,辨明该题所要测试的语法点以及出题者的测试意图,只有这样,在应试时才能做到心中有数,临场不乱。

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