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新目标英语八年级下语法集锦

新目标英语八年级下语法集锦
新目标英语八年级下语法集锦

Unit1 What`s the matter?

1.What`s the matter (with sb)?

=What`s wrong (with sb)?

=What`s the trouble (with sb)?

=What happened (to sb)?

(某人)怎么了?

2.have a cold患感冒

have a stomachache胃痛

have a headache头痛

have a toothache牙痛

have a earache耳痛

have a sore back 背痛

要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:

①某人+have/has+病症

②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache

/stomachache/backache/earache

③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位

④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词

⑤某部位+hurt(s)

⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one`s +身体部位

⑦(There is)something wrong with one`s+身体部位

3.动词+too much ……的太多

形容词/副词/动词+enough

enough修饰名词,常放在名词前,有时也放在名词后。

4.drink some hot tea with honey喝些加有蜂蜜的热茶

see a dentist看牙医

get an X-ray做个X光检查

put some medicine on在…上敷药

have a fever发烧

play computer games玩电脑游戏

all weekend整个周末

take breaks=take a break休息

without thinking twice没多想

take sb to the hospital送某人去医院

wait for等待

think about考虑

have a heart problem患有心脏病

5.take one`s temperature量体温

6.need后接名词,代词,动名词或不定式

注:-Need I finish the work today?

我需要今天完成这项工作吗?

-Yes,you must.是的,你必须。

-No,you needn`t.不,你不必。

7.take breaks=have a rest休息

break过去式broke过去分词broken

8.lie “说谎”过去式过去分词lied现在分词

lying

lay“产卵,下蛋”过去式过去分词laid

9.go to a doctor 看医生

=go to see a doctor

10.过去进行时的构成:was/were+现在分词

11.see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事(强调

动作正在进行)

see sb do sth 看见某人做某事(强调过程)

12.get off下(汽车,火车,飞机等)

get on登上(汽车,火车等较大的交通工具)

get into进入(小汽车,出租车,电梯等较

小的交通工具)

get out of从(小汽车,出租车,电梯,直

升机等)下来

get into trouble(使)陷入困境

13.do the right thing做正确的事情

right away立刻,马上

14.sth happens to sb/sth某人或某物发生某事

sb happens to do sth某人碰巧……

It happens+that从句碰巧……

15.to one`s surprise使某人惊讶的是,出乎某人

意料

16.agree with sb/sth同意某人的意见

agree to (do)+计划/建议

agree on+日期/条款

17.thanks to 由于,多亏,因为

thanks for 感谢你……

18.in time 及时

on time 准时,不迟到

19.get to +地点=arrive in+大地点/at+小地点

=reach+地点“到达某地”

20.fall 过去式fell过去分词fallen

fall down摔倒

fall behind落后

fall in倒塌

fall asleep入睡

fall=autumn秋天

Section B

1.put on 穿上,戴上(动作)put …on sth 把……放在某物上

wear穿(衣服)强调状态

dress(给……)穿衣服

(be)in=be dressed in穿着,后接表示衣服的名词或表示颜色的形容词,表状态。

2.hurt使受伤,弄疼,过去式过去分词hurt

3.get hit=be hit被动结构“受到打击”

get lost迷路

get married结婚

get dressed穿衣服

get sunburned晒伤

4.tell 过去式told

tell sb(not)to do sth告诉某人(不要做某事)5.have problems (in)doing sth

=have trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth

做某事有问题或困难

6.breath名词,呼吸

breathe动词,呼吸

7.get hit /sunburned 被打击/晒伤

8.be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣9.be/get used to doing sth习惯于……,适应

于……

use sth to do sth=use sth for doing sth用某物

做某事

10.lose one's life失去生命

11.because 引导原因状语从句

because of介词短语,后接名词或代词

12.be ready to do sth准备好了做某事

be ready for为……做准备

13.die不及物动词过去式过去分词died

现在分词dying,形容词dead名词death

14.cut off切除

cut down砍倒,减少

cut up切碎

cut in插入,插话

15.importance不可数名词,重要性

important形容词,重要的

16.make a decision /decisions做决定

17.be in control of 掌管,管理

18.keep on doing sth继续做某事

keep doing sth继续不停地做某事

keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事

keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事

19.mind doing sth介意做某事

20.go mountain climbing 去爬山

21.give up 放弃

22.seem to do sth 好像做某事

表示建议的常见说法:

1.Would you like (to do )sth ?你想要/愿意

(做)某事吗?

2.Shall I /we do sth ?我/我们做……好吗?

3.Why not do sth ?为什么不……呢?

4.How /What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样?

5.Let 's do sth.让我们做……吧。

6.You 'd better (not )do sth.你最好(不)要做某

事。You`d=you had

Unit2 I`ll help to

clean up the city

parks.

Section A

1.clean up打扫(清

除)干净

2.cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来cheer on为……加油

3.give out=hand out分发;散发

give out=run out用完;耗尽

give up+时间+to do sth放弃时间去做

某事

give away赠送;

捐赠

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df14254055.html,ed to do sth曾

经……(过去常常做某

事).

be/get used to

doing sth习惯

于……,适应于……

use sth to do

sth=use sth for

doing sth用某物做

某事

5.put up张贴,搭建

put away将……

收起来

put off推迟

put on 穿上take off脱掉;起飞put out熄灭;伸出

put back放回原处put down放下,记下

6.get a feeling of…有……感觉

7.need to do sth需

要做某事

8.make some

notices做一些公告

notice当“注意”讲,

不可数

9.be satisfied to

do sth对做某事感到

满意

be satisfied with

对……感到满意

10.of one`s own属

于某人自己的

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df14254055.html,e up with提

出,想出

12.sick 指“生病”时

主要用于英式英语。

可作定语也可作表语。表示“恶心”“呕吐”时只用作表语。ill指“生病”时,主要用于美式英语。只用作表语,一般不作定语。

13.make plans to do sth制订计划做某事

14.raise及物动词,

举起,抬起;种植;

饲养,供养

太阳的升起,用rise。

15.alone单独的,独

自的,指一个人或事

物与其他的人或事物

分开,不含感情色彩。

lonely孤独的,寂寞

的,偏僻的,指人时

含有浓重的感情色

彩,即因缺少朋友,

同情,亲情而产生的

一种孤独,悲伤和忧

郁的感情。

16.catch up with赶

17.such a strong feeling of satisfaction

=so strong a feeling of satisfaction

such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词

注意:当名词前有

many,much,few,

little等修饰时,要用

so,而不是such。

18.在……岁时:①

at+年龄

②at

the age of+年龄

when+某人+be……

year(s) old

19.care for=take

care of=look after

照顾,照看

20.one day有一天;

总有一天;有朝一日

21.decide to do

sth决定做某事

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df14254055.html,e true实现

23.at the same time同时

Section B

1.run out of ……用完了……;从……跑出run out用完,用尽,主语通常是表示时间、金钱等无生命的

东西

sth run(s) out 某物

用尽了、用完了

2.take after像;

与……相像=be

similar to

look like看上去

像……,多指外貌

be like像……,可

以指外貌,也可指性

3.be similar in sth

在某方面相似/相仿

4.write the letter

to sb=write to sb

给某人写信

receive a letter

from sb=hear from sb 收到某人的来信

5.set up建起;设立

6.make a difference to+名词/代词/动名词(对……)产生影响

make no difference to对……

没有影响

7.help sb out帮助

某人摆脱困境

8.train sb/sth to

do sth训练某人或某

物去做某事

a special trained

dog一只经过特殊训

练的狗

9.be excited about

对……感到兴奋,激动

be excited to do

sth对做某事感到兴

10.be strong in 强

项是……

11.work out计算

出;制定,拟出;(使问题)逐渐解决

12.try out for参加选拔

13.make it possible for sb to do sth使得做某事对某人来说是可能的14.volunteer one`s time to do sth自愿

花某人的时间做某事

Unit3

Section A

1.a few+可数名词复

数(肯定)几个;少

few+可数名词复数

(否定)几乎没有;很少

a little+不可数名

词(肯定)一点;少

little+不可数名词

(否定)几乎没有的;很

少的

2.at least至少;at

most最多

3.as soon as 一……就……

as…as与……一样……(同等级的比较)

否定:not as/so…as…不如……

4. 家务劳动:

do/wash the dishes洗餐具

take out the

rubbish倒垃圾

fold one`s clothes

叠衣服

sweep the floor扫地

clean the room打扫

房间

make one`s/the bed

铺床

5.go out出去

6.stay out待在外面;

不在家stay up熬夜

7.neither+be动词/

助动词/情态动词+主

“……也不。”

so+be动词/助动词/

情态动词+主语“……也”

so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词“的确如此”neither…nor…既不……也不……

8.help out帮助做完某事9.throw down扔下

10.all the time频繁;

反复

11.in surprise惊讶地

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df14254055.html,e over过来,

来访,拜访

13.in front of(外部)

在……的前面

in the front of(内

部)在……的前面

14.pass sb sth=pass

sth to sb递给某人某

物;把某物递给某人

15.borrow sb

sth=borrow sth

from sb向某人借某

lend sb sth=lend

sth to sb借给某人某物

lend过去式;过去分词lent

keep保持,保存,延续性动词Section B

1.invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事

2.these days如

今;现在;目前

=nowadays

3.a waste of time

浪费时间

4.sb spend…on…

某人在……花费(时

间或金钱)

sb spend…(in)

doing sth某人花

费……做某事

sb

pays(sb)money

(for sth)某人支

付/花费金钱买某物

sth costs (sb)

money某物花了某

人……金钱

It takes sb time to do sth做某事花费某人……时间。

5.in order to 为了;目的是=in order that+从句否定:in order not to do

6.provide sth for sb向某人提供某物

=provide sb

with sth

7.depend on依

赖;信赖

8.look after=take

care of照顾;照看

9.keep it clean

and tidy保持它干

净和整洁

10.get into进入

11.as a result结

果;因此

as a result of由

于……;作为……的

结果

12.fall ill生病fall,

fell,fallen

13.finish doing sth做完某事

14.want sb to do sth想要某人做某事15.try(not)to do sth 尽力(不)做某事

16.let sb do sth 让某人做某事17.mind doing

sth介意做某事

18.learn to do

sth 学会做某事

learn how to

do sth学会怎样做

某事

19.the+比较级,

the+比较级

“越……,就

越……”

Unit4 Why don`t you talk to your parents?

Section A

1. have free time有空闲时间

2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

allow doing sth 允许做某事

3. hang(hung)out with sb. 与某人闲逛

4. after-school classes课外活动课

5. get into a fight w ith sb. 与某人吵架/打架

6. until midnight直到半夜

7. talk to/with sb. 与某人交谈

8. too many+复数名词太多

too much+不可数名词太多

动词+too much 太……

如:study too much学得过多

much too+形容词/副词原级(表示程度)太……

9.be good at=do well in善于;擅长;在……方

面做得好(后接名词,代词,动名词)

be good for对……有益(有用)(后接名词或代

词)

be good to对……好(和善)(后接名词或代词)

be good with与……相处得好(后接名词或代

词)

10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠

11. write sb. a letter给某人写信=write to sb

12. call sb. up打电话给某人

13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶

14. look through翻看

look around四处张望

look up向上看;查找

look into 调查

15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气

16. a big deal重要的事(口语)

a good/great deal (of sth)很多;大量

17. work out成功地发展;解决

18. get on with sb=get along(well)with sb

和某人和睦相处

get on(with sth)=get along(with sth)

(在某事方面取得)进展;进步

19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架

20. hang over笼罩

21.give back=return归还

22. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

23. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

offer sb sth=offer sth to sb愿意给予,主动提出24. so that=in order to 以便

…so+形容词/副词+that+从句

“如此的……以至于……”

25. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事26. all the time一直

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df14254055.html,municate with sb与某人交流

28. in future今后

29.next time下次

30.make friends交朋友

31.make sb. angry使某人生气

32.worry about sth. 担心某事

33.be afraid of sb/sth害怕某人或某物

be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事

be afraid to do sth不敢或害怕做某事

be afraid+that+从句“恐怕”,多用于客气

地提出个人意见或看法

34.in front of在……的面前

35.not…any more=no more不再

36.copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业

37. be oneself做自己

38.family members家庭成员

Section B

1.spend time

alone独自消磨时光

2.give sb. pressure

给某人施压

under pressure

压力之下

put pressure on

sb向某人施压

3.have a fight w

ith sb. 与某人吵架

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df14254055.html,pete 不及物

动词“竞争;参加比

赛”

competition 名词,竞争competitor名词,竞争者

compete with sb. 与某人竞争

5.free time activities业余活动

6.get better

grades取得更好的成

7.give one’ s

opinion提出某人的

观点

8.not…until…直

到……才……

9.continue doing

sth 继续做某事

continue to do

sth

continue sth

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df14254055.html,pare…

with…把……与…比

compare…to…

把……比作……

11.push推(反义词:pull拉)

12.learn exam skills学习应试技巧13.practice sports 体育训练

14.cause stress造成压力

15.cut out删除

cut up切碎

cut down砍伐

cut off切断

cut in打断;插嘴

16.development不

可数名词,发育;发

展;成长

develop动词,发

育;发展;发达

developed形容

词,发达的

developing形容

词,发展中的

17.something

quiet一些安静的事

18.参加,加入:jion

加入某种组织

jion in=take

part in参加某活动19.turn down 关小;调低(反义词turn up)

turn on打开(反义词turn off关闭)20.It`s time for sth/doing sth.该是做某事的时候了。=It`s time to do

sth.

21.What do you

think of…?你认

为……怎么样?

二、重点句型

1. I studied until

midnight last

night so I didn ‘t

get enough sleep.

我昨晚学习到半夜所

以睡眠不足。

2. Why don 't you

forget about

it?=Why not

forget about it?

你为什么不忘掉它

呢?

3. Although she ’ s wrong , i t ' s not a big deal.

虽然她错了。但这并不是什么大事儿。4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry. 他应该跟朋友谈谈以

便他能说声对不起。

5. May be you

could go to his

house.

也许你可以去他家。

6. I guess I could,

but I don’t wan t

to surprise him.

我想我可以.但我不想

让他感到惊讶。

Unit5What were you doing when the

rainstorm came?

SectionA

1.make sure 确信;确认

2.wait for等候

3.beat against... 拍打… …

beat动词,敲打,(风、雨等)冲击,(心

脏、脉搏等)跳动。过去式beat,过去分词beaten。

against此处为触;碰;撞;倚;靠

除此之外还可以表示反对;违反。

4.fall asleep 进人梦乡;睡着

5.die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失

6.wake up 醒来

7.rise上升;升起(rose,risen)主语常为物

raise升起;提高;增加,主语常为人。

8.bring拿来,取来,做使役动词意为“促使”

过去式和过去分词均为brought。

9.in a mess 一团糟

10.break.. . apart 使……分离

11.in times of difficulty 在困难的时候

12.at the time of 当.......时候

rainstorm可数名词,暴风雨

13.go off (闹钟)发出响声

14.take /have a hot shower 洗热水澡

15.while与when

while当……的时候,在……期间,常用于过去进行时态中,其谓语必须为延续性动词。when当……的时候,其谓语可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词。

16.outside在外面,反义词:inside

17.wood不可数名词,木头,木材

wood可数名词,树林

a piece of wood一块木头

18.miss the bus 错过公交车

19.pick up 接电话

20.clean up打扫干净;整理

21.take photos拍照;照相

22.play the piano弹钢琴

23.bring... together 使……靠拢

24.in the area 在这个地区

25.ice冰——icy结冰的

frost霜——frosty结霜的

cloud云——cloudy多云的

rain雨——rainy下雨的

snow雪——snowy下雪的

wind风——windy有风的

sun阳光——sunny有阳光的

fog雾——foggy有雾的Section B

1.miss the event 错过这个事件

2.by the side of the road 在路边

3.the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线

4.the rest of 剩余的……

5.silence不可数,沉默

in silence沉默,无声

silent形容词,寂静的;无声的

6.hardly副词,几乎不,表示否定含义

7.walk by 走路经过

8.make one’s way to…在某人去……的路上

9.hear the news 听到这个消息

10.important events in history 历史上的重大事

11..for example 例如

12.be killed 被杀害

13.over /more than 50 50多(岁)

14.a school pupil 一个小学生

15.名词/代词+alone 只有;仅仅

only +名词/代词只有;仅仅

16.on the radio 通过广播

17.more recently 最近地;新近

18.the World Trade Center 世贸中心

19.have meaning to 对……有意义

20.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

21.at first 首先;最初

22.tell the truth说实话

23.point out指出

24.go away消失;离开

25.as well也

as well as并列连词,不仅……而且……;

既……又……

26.call out喊出

27.be busy doing sth忙着做某事

=be busy with sth

28.see sb/sth doing sth看见某人或者某物正在

做某事

29.begin/start to do sth开始做某事

30.try to do sth 努力去做某事

try doing sth试着(用某种方法或者手段)做

某事

31.It`s +adj+to do sth做某事是……的。

32.have trouble(in)doing sth做某事有困难

33.过去进行时的构成:was/were+doing

二、重点句型

1. — What were you doing at eight last night?

昨晚8 点你在干什么?

— I was taking a shower.

我在洗淋浴。

2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his

mom make dinner.

当开始下雨的时候,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。

3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was

sleeping?

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人教版新目标八年级下册英语语法

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初二英语语法总结大全

初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 (1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

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