三十六计英文版 Thirty-Six Stratagems
The Thirty-Six Stratagems was a Chinese essay used to illustrate a series of stratagems used in politics, war, as well as in civil interaction, often through unorthodox or deceptive means.
The Stratagems are often misnamed as strategies; however, a stratagem (synonymous with ruse) is not the same thing as a strategy (being a long-term plan or outline).
Origin
The name of the collection comes from the Book of Qi, in its seventh biographical volume, Biography of WángJìngz? (王敬則傳／王敬则
传).[1]Wáng was a general who had served Southern Qi since the first Emperor Gao of the dynasty. When Emperor Ming came to power and executed many members of the court and royal family for fear that they would threaten his reign, Wáng believed that he would be targeted next and rebelled. As Wáng received news that Xiao Baojuan, son and crown prince of Emperor Ming, had escaped in haste after learning of the rebellion, he commented that "of the thirty-six stratagems of Lord Tán, retreat was his best, you father and son should run for sure."[2] Lord Tán here refers to general Tan Daoji of the Liu Song Dynasty, who was forced to retreat after his failed attack on Northern Wei, and Wáng mentioned his name in contempt as an example of cowardice.[3]
It should be noted that the number thirty-six was used by Wáng as a figure of speech in this context, and is meant to denote numerous stratagems instead of any specific number. Wáng's choice of this term was in reference to the I Ching, where six is the number of Yin that shared many characteristics with the dark schemes involved in military strategy. As thirty-six is the square of six, it therefore acted as a metaphor for numerous strategies.[3] Since Wáng was not referring to any thirty-six specific stratagems however, the thirty-six proverbs and their connection to military strategies and tactics are likely to have been created after the fact, with the collection only borrowing its name from Wáng's saying.[4]
The Thirty-Six Stratagems have variably been attributed to Sun Tzu from the Spring and Autumn Period of China, or Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms period, but neither are regarded as the true author by historians. Instead, the prevailing view is that the Thirty-Six Stratagems may have originated in both written and oral history, with many different versions compiled by different authors throughout Chinese history. Some stratagems reference occurrences in the time of Sun Bin, approx. 150 years after Sun Wu's death.[4]
The original hand-copied paperback that is the basis of the current version was believed to have been discovered in China's Shaanxi province, of an unknown date and author, and put into print by a local publisher in 1941. The Thirty-Six Stratagems only came to the public's attention after a review of it was published in the Chinese Communist
Party'sGuangming Daily (光明日報／光明日报) newspaper on September 16, 1961. It was subsequently reprinted and distributed with growing popularity.[4]
Thirty-Six Stratagems
The Thirty-Six Stratagems are divided into a preface, six chapters containing six stratagems each, and an afterword that was incomplete with missing text. The first three chapters generally describe tactics for use in advantageous situations, whereas the last three chapters contain stratagems that are more suitable for disadvantageous situations. They are in the form of four-character idioms. Each proverb is accompanied by a short comment, no longer than a sentence or two, that explains how said proverb is applicable to military tactics. These 36 Chinese proverbs are related to 36 battle scenarios in Chinese history and folklore, predominantly of the Warring States Period and the Three Kingdoms Period.
Chapter 1: Winning Stratagems (勝戰計)
Deceive the heavens to cross the ocean[5]
Prepare too much and you lose sight of the big picture; what you see often you do not doubt. Yin (the art of deception) is in Yang (acting in open). Too much Yang (transparency) hides Yin (true ruses).
This stratagem references an episode in 643 AD, when Emperor Taizong of Tang, balked from crossing the sea to a campaign against Koguryo. His general Xue Rengui thought of a stratagem to get the emperor across and allay his fear of seasickness: on a clear day, the emperor was invited to meet a wise man. They entered through a dark tunnel into a hall where they feasted. After feasting several days, the Emperor heard the sound of waves and realised that he had been lured onto a ship! General Xue drew aside the curtains to reveal the ocean and confessed that they had already crossed the sea: Upon discovering this, the emperor decided to carry on and later completed the successful campaign.
This stratagem means that you can mask your real goals, by using the ruse of a fake goal that everyone takes for granted, until the real goal is
achieved. Tactically, this is known as an 'open feint'; in front of everyone, you point west, when your goal is actually in the east. By the time everyone realised it, you have already achieved your goal. Harro von Senger notes in the German-Language "Die List" that to grasp the full meaning, it would be something like "to deceive the holy virgin Mary" in the West.
This stratagem makes use of the human failing to become unaware of common everyday activities, or events that appear normal. The best secrets are carried out in broad daylight. The best hoax is to repeat it so often that people are convinced that the next move is also a hoax. When this happens, it is the best moment to carry out one's previously hidden true objective.
Besiege Wai to rescue Zhào[6]
When the enemy is too strong to be attacked directly, then attack something he holds dear. Know that he cannot be superior in all things. Somewhere there is a gap in the armour, a weakness that can be attacked instead.
The origin of this proverb is from the Warring States Period. The state of Wai attacked Zhao and laid siege to its capital Handan. Zhào turned to Qífor help, but the Qí general Sun Bin determined it would be unwise to meet the army of Wai head on, so he instead attacked their capital at Daliang. The army of Wai retreated in haste, and the tired troops were ambushed and defeated at the Battle of Guiling, with the Wai general Pang Juan slain on the field. Note that this campaign is also described explicitly in the Art of War of Master Sun Bin the younger.
The idea here is to avoid a head on battle with a strong enemy, and instead strike at his weakness elsewhere. This will force the strong enemy to retreat in order to support his weakness. Battling against the now tired and low-morale enemy will give a much higher chance of success.
Kill with a borrowed knife[7]
Attack using the strength of another (in a situation where using one's own strength is not favourable). Trick an ally into attacking him, bribe an official to turn traitor, or use the enemy's own strength against him.
The idea here is to cause damage to the enemy by getting a 3rd party to do the deed.
Leisurely await for the laboured[8]
It is an advantage to choose the time and place for battle. In this way you know when and where the battle will take place, while your enemy does not. Encourage your enemy to expend his energy in futile quests while you conserve your strength. When he is exhausted and confused, you attack with energy and purpose.
The idea is to have your troops well-prepared for battle, in the same time that the enemy is rushing to fight against you. This will give your troops a huge advantage in the upcoming battle, of which you will get to select the time and place.
Loot a burning house[9]
When a country is beset by internal conflicts, when disease and famine ravage the population, when corruption and crime are rampant, then it will be unable to deal with an outside threat. This is the time to attack.
Keep gathering internal information about an enemy. If the enemy is currently in its weakest state ever, attack it without mercy and totally destroy it to prevent future troubles.
Make a sound in the east, then strike in the west[10]
In any battle the element of surprise can provide an overwhelming advantage. Even when face to face with an enemy, surprise can still be employed by attacking where he least expects it. To do this you must create an expectation in the enemy's mind through the use of a feint.
The idea here is to get the enemy to focus his forces in a location, and then attack elsewhere which would be weakly defended.
Chapter 2: Enemy Dealing Stratagems (敵戰計)
Create something from nothing (無中生有／无中生有, Wúzhōngshēngyǒu)
A plain lie. Make somebody believe there was something when there is in fact nothing.
One method of using this stratagem is to create an illusion of something's existence, while it does not exist. Another method is to create an illusion that something does not exist, while it does.
Openly repair the gallery roads, but sneak through the passage of Chencang (明修棧道,暗渡陳倉／明修栈道,暗渡陈仓, Míngxiūzhàndào, àndùch?ncāng)
Deceive the enemy with an obvious approach that will take a very long time, while surprising him by taking a shortcut and sneak up to him. As the enemy concentrates on the decoy, he will miss you sneaking up to him.
The phrase originated from the Chu-Han contention, where Liu Bang retreated to the lands of Sichuan to prepare for a confrontation with Xiang Yu. Once he was fully prepared, Liu Bang sent men to openly repair the gallery roads he had destroyed earlier, while secretly moving his troops towards Guanzhong through the small town of Chencang instead. When Xiang Yu received news of Liu Bang repairing the gallery roads, he dismissed the threat since he knew the repairs would take years to complete. This allowed Liu Bang to retake Guanzhong by surprise, and eventually led to his victory over Xiang Yu and the birth of the Han Dynasty.
This tactic is an extension of the "Make a sound in the east, then strike in the west" tactic. But instead of simply spreading misinformation to draw the enemy's attention, physical baits are used to increase the enemy's certainty on the misinformation. These baits must be easily seen by the enemy, to ensure that they draw the enemy's attention. At the same time, the baits must act as if what they meant to do what they were falsely doing, to avoid drawing the enemy's suspicion.
Watch the fires burning across the river (隔岸觀火／隔岸观火,
G?ànguānhuǒ)
Delay entering the field of battle until all the other players have become exhausted fighting amongst themselves. Then go in at full strength and pick up the pieces.
Hide a knife behind a smile (笑裏藏刀／笑里藏刀, Xiàolǐcángdāo)
Charm and ingratiate yourself to your enemy. When you have gained his trust, move against him in secret.
Sacrifice the plum tree to preserve the peach tree (李代桃僵,
Lǐdàitáojiāng)
There are circumstances in which you must sacrifice short-term objectives in order to gain the long-term goal. This is the scapegoat stratagem whereby someone else suffers the consequences so that the rest do not.
Take the opportunity to pilfer a goat (順手牽羊／顺手牵羊,
Shùnshǒuqiānyáng)
While carrying out your plans be flexible enough to take advantage of any opportunity that presents itself, however small, and avail yourself of any profit, however slight.
Chapter 3: Attacking Stratagems (攻戰計)
Stomp the grass to scare the snake (打草驚蛇／打草惊蛇, Dácǎojīngsh?)
Do something unaimed, but spectacular ("hitting the grass") to provoke a response of the enemy ("startle the snake"), thereby giving away his plans or position, or just taunt him. Do something unusual, strange, and unexpected as this will arouse the enemy's suspicion and disrupt his thinking. More widely used as "[Do not] startle the snake by hitting the grass". An imprudent act will give your position or intentions away to the enemy.
Borrow a corpse to resurrect the soul (借屍還魂／借尸还魂,
Jiashīhuánhún)
Take an institution, a technology, a method, or even an ideology that has been forgotten or discarded and appropriate it for your own purpose. Revive something from the past by giving it a new purpose or bring to life old ideas, customs, or traditions and reinterpret them to fit your purposes.
Entice the tiger to leave its mountain lair (調虎離山／调虎离山,
Diàohǔlíshān)
Never directly attack an opponent whose advantage is derived from its position. Instead lure him away from his position thus separating him from his source of strength.
In order to capture, one must let loose(欲擒故縱／欲擒故纵, Yùqíngūz?ng)
Cornered prey will often mount a final desperate attack. To prevent this you let the enemy believe he still has a chance for freedom. His will to fight is thus dampened by his desire to escape. When in the end the freedom is proven a falsehood the enemy's morale will be defeated and he will surrender without a fight.
Tossing out a brick to get a jade gem(拋磚引玉／抛砖引玉, Pāozhuānyǐnyù)
Bait someone by making him believe he gains something or just make him react to it ("toss out a brick") and obtain something valuable from him in return ("get a jade gem").
This proverb is based on a story involving two famous poets of the Tang Dynasty. There was a great poet named Zhao Gu (趙嘏) and another lesser poet by the name of Chang Jian (常建). While Chang Jian was travelling in Suzhou, he heard news that Zhao Gu would be visiting a temple in the area. Chang Jian wished to learn from the master poet, so he devised a plan and went to the temple in advance, then wrote a poem on the temple walls with only two of the four lines completed, hoping Zhao Gu would see it and finish the poem. Zhao Gu acted as Chang Jian foresaw, and from this story came the proverb.
Defeat the enemy by capturing their chief (擒賊擒王／擒贼擒王,
Qínz?iqínwáng)
If the enemy's army is strong but is allied to the commander only by money, superstition or threats, then take aim at the leader. If the commander falls the rest of the army will disperse or come over to your side. If, however, they are allied to the leader through loyalty then beware, the army can continue to fight on after his death out of vengeance.
Chapter 4: Chaos Stratagems (混戰計)
Remove the firewood from under the pot (釜底抽薪, Fǔdǐchōuxīn)
If something must be destroyed, destroy the source.
Disturb the water and catch a fish(渾水摸魚／浑水摸鱼, Húnshuǐmōyú) with "浑“ sometimes written ”混“。
Create confusion and use this confusion to further your own goals.
Slough off the cicada's golden shell (金蟬脱殼／金蝉脱壳,
Jīnchántuōqiào)
It's a stratagem mainly used to escape from an enemy of superior force. Mask yourself. Either leave flamboyant traits behind, thus going incognito, or just masquerade yourself and create an illusion to fit your goals and distract others.
Shut the door to catch the thief (關門捉賊／关门捉贼, Guānm?nzhuōz?i)
To deliver capture the enemy, you must plan prudently if you want to succeed. Do not rush into action. Before you "move in for the kill", first cut off your enemy's escape routes, and cut off any routes through which outside help can reach them.
Befriend a distant state while attacking a neighbour (遠交近攻／远交近攻, Yuǎnjiāojìngōng)
It is known that nations that border each other become enemies while nations separated by distance and obstacles make better allies. When you are the strongest in one field, your greatest threat is from the second strongest in your field, not the strongest from another field. This policy is associated with Fan Sui of Qin, circa 269 BC.
Obtain safe passage to conquer the State of Guo(假道伐虢, JiǎdàofáGu?)
Borrow the resources of an ally to attack a common enemy. Once the enemy is defeated, use those resources to turn on the ally that lent you them in the first place. See Duke Xian of Jin.
Chapter 5: Proximate Stratagems (並戰計)
Replace the beams with rotten timbers (偷梁換柱／偷梁换柱,
Tōuliánghuànzhù)
Disrupt the enemy's formations, interfere with their methods of operations, change the rules in which they are used to following, go contrary to their standard training. In this way you remove the supporting pillar, the common link that makes a group of men an effective fighting force.
Point at the mulberry tree while cursing the locust tree (指桑罵槐／指桑骂槐, Zhǐsāngmàhuái)
To discipline, control, or warn others whose status or position excludes them from direct confrontation; use analogy and innuendo. When names are not used directly, those accused cannot retaliate without revealing their complicity.
Feign madness but keep your balance (假痴不癲／假痴不癫, Jiǎchībùdiān)
Hide behind the mask of a fool, a drunk, or a madman to create confusion about your intentions and motivations. Lure your opponent into
underestimating your ability until, overconfident, he drops his guard. Then you may attack.
Remove the ladder when the enemy has ascended to the roof (上屋抽梯, Shàngwūchōutī)
With baits and deceptions, lure your enemy into treacherous terrain. Then cut off his lines of communication and avenue of escape. To save himself, he must fight both your own forces and the elements of nature.
Deck the tree with false blossoms (樹上開花／树上开花, Shùshàngkāihuā)
Tying silk blossoms on a dead tree gives the illusion that the tree is healthy. Through the use of artifice and disguise, make something of no value appear valuable; of no threat appear dangerous; of no use appear useful. This stratagem is identical to that of the Potemkin village.
Make the host and the guest exchange roles (反客為主／反客为主,
Fǎnkaw?izhǔ)
Usurp leadership in a situation where you are normally subordinate. Infiltrate your target. Initially, pretend to be a guest to be accepted, but develop from inside and become the owner later.
Chapter 6: Defeat Stratagems (敗戰計)
The beauty trap (honey trap) (美人計／美人计, Měir?njì)
Send your enemy beautiful women to cause discord within his camp. This stratagem can work on three levels. First, the ruler becomes so enamoured with the beauty that he neglects his duties and allows his vigilance to wane. Second, other males at court will begin to display aggressive behaviour that inflames minor differences hindering co-operation and destroying morale. Third, other females at court, motivated by jealousy and envy, begin to plot intrigues further exacerbating the situation.
The empty fort strategy (空城計／空城计, Kōngch?ngjì)
When the enemy is superior in numbers and your situation is such that you expect to be overrun at any moment, then drop all pretense of military preparedness and act calmly so that the enemy will think are setting an ambush. This stratagem has to be used sparingly and only after one has first developed a reputation for military prowess. This also depends on
having a clever opponent who, in perceiving a trap, may over-think his reaction.
Let the enemy's own spy sow discord in the enemy camp (反間計／反间计, Fǎnjiànjì)
Undermine your enemy's ability to fight by secretly causing discord between him and his friends, allies, advisors, family, commanders, soldiers, and population. While he is preoccupied settling internal disputes, his ability to attack or defend, is compromised.
Inflict injury on oneself to win the enemy's trust (苦肉計／苦肉计, Kǔr?ujì)
Pretending to be injured has two possible applications. In the first, the enemy is lulled into relaxing his guard since he no longer considers you to be an immediate threat. The second is a way of ingratiating yourself to your enemy by pretending the injury was caused by a mutual enemy.
Chain stratagems (連環計／连环计, Liánhuánjì)
In important matters, one should use several stratagems applied simultaneously after another as in a chain of stratagems. Keep different plans operating in an overall scheme; however, in this manner if any one stratagem fails, then the chain breaks and the whole scheme fails.
If all else fails, retreat (走為上／走为上, Zǒuw?ishàng)
If it becomes obvious that your current course of action will lead to defeat, then retreat and regroup. When your side is losing, there are only three choices remaining: surrender, compromise, or escape. Surrender is complete defeat, compromise is half defeat, but escape is not defeat. As long as you are not defeated, you still have a chance.
References
1.^"Original Text of the Biography of Wáng Jìngz?, Book of Qi
(Traditional Chinese)". Retrieved 2006-11-27.
2.^ "檀公三十六策，走是上計，汝父子唯應急走耳／檀公三十六策，走是
上计，汝父子唯应急走耳"
3.^ ab"Introduction to the Thirty-Six Strategies (Traditional
Chinese)". Retrieved 2006-11-27.
4.^ abc"Exploring the Thirty-Six Strategies (Simplified Chinese)".
Chinese Strategic Science Network. 2006-07-11.
5.^ (瞞天過海／瞒天过海, Mántiāngu?hǎi)
6.^ (圍魏救趙／围魏救赵, W?iWaijiùZhào)
7.^ (借刀殺人／借刀杀人, Jiadāoshār?n)
8.^ (以逸待勞／以逸待劳, Yǐyìdàiláo)
9.^ (趁火打劫, Chanhuǒdǎji?)
10.^ (聲東擊西／声东击西, Shēngdōngjíxī)
三十六计中英文对照翻译
三十六计中英文对照翻译(Thirty-Six Stratagems) 1. 瞒天过海crossing the sea under camouflage 2. 围魏救赵relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei 3. 借刀杀人killing someone with a borrowed knife 4. 以逸待劳waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy 5. 趁火打劫plundering a burning house 6. 声东击西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west 7. 无中生有creating something out of nothing 8. 暗渡陈仓advancing secretly by an unknown path 9. 隔岸观火watching a fire from the other side of the river 10. 笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile 11. 李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing 12. 顺手牵羊picking up something in passing 13. 打草惊蛇beating the grass to frighten the snake 14. 借尸还魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse 15. 调虎离山luring the tiger out of his den 16. 欲擒故纵letting the enemy off in order to catch him 17. 抛砖引玉giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things 18. 擒贼擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers 19. 釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron 20. 混水摸鱼muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters 21. 金蝉脱壳slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin 22. 关门捉贼catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route 23. 远交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy 24. 假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor 25. 偷梁换柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers 26. 指桑骂槐reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry 27. 假痴不癫feigning madness without becoming insane 28. 上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof 29. 树上开花putting artificial flowers on trees 30. 反客为主turning from the guest into the host 31. 美人计using seductive women to corrupt the enemy 32. 空城计presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness 33. 反间计sowing discord among the enemy 34. 苦肉计deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man
商战技巧：从孙子兵法到三十六计
前言 一、春秋战国 1、西周（前1046~前771） 2、东周（前770~前256） 3、春秋（前770~前476）春秋五霸 4、战国（前475~前前221）战国七雄 二、孙武 1、孙武字长卿（前545~前470）齐国人 1）18岁前在齐国乐安 2）23岁前游学，后回齐 3）32岁著书《孙子兵法》十三篇 4）33岁出山，吴王阖闾拜他为帅 5）39岁攻入郢城，差点灭楚国 6）42岁隐居 三、孙子兵法 1、世界三大兵书之首 2、2500后依然使用 3、在政治、军事、商业等领域广泛使用，很多国家成立孙子兵法研究会，该思想又被 运用到管理领域。 4、共十三篇（始计篇、作战篇、谋攻篇、军形篇、兵势篇、虚实篇、军争篇、九变篇、 行军篇、地形篇、九地篇、火攻篇、用间篇） 四、三十六计 1、作者不可考，多种说法 2、“三十六计”一语先于成书 3、共三十六计（胜战计、敌战计、攻战计、混战计、并战计、败战计各六计） 第一部分 第一章：战略运筹 一、始计篇 孙子曰:兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。故经之以五事，校之以七计而索其情。一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。道者，令民与上同意也，故可以与之死，可以与之生，而不畏危。天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也。地者，高下、远近、险易、广狭、死生也。将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也。法者，曲制、官道、主用也。凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知者不胜。故校之以七计而索其情，曰：主孰有道？将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。势者，因利而制权也。兵者，诡道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。攻其无备，出其不意。此兵家之胜，不可先传也。夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜，少算不胜，而况于无算乎！吾以此观之，胜负见矣。 解释： 孙子说：战争是国家的大事，关系到百姓的生死，国家的存亡，不能不慎重周密地观察、
三十六计全文及白话文
三十六计全文及白话文 孔子曰：会用兵者，军中无粮，仅用三日，但可用十日。不会用兵者，军中有粮， 仅用十日，最用2日 《孙子兵法》又称《孙武兵法》、《吴孙子兵法》、《孙子兵书》、《孙武兵书》等，英文名为《The Art of War》，是中国古典军事文化遗产中的璀璨瑰宝，是中国优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。是世界三大兵书之一（另外两部是：《战争论》(克劳塞维茨) ，《五轮书》(宫本武藏) ）其内容博大精深，思想精邃富赡，逻辑缜密严谨。 【概述】三十六计，也称三十六策，是我国古代兵家计谋和军事谋略学的兵书。原书按计名排列，共分六套，即胜战计、敌战计、攻战计、混战计、并战计、败战计。前三套是处于优势所用之计，后三套是处于劣势所用之计。 三十六计是依据阴阳变化之理及古代兵家刚柔、奇正、攻防、彼己、虚实、主客等对立关系相互转化的思想推演而成，含有朴素的军事辩证法的因素。-----相关古书：《孙子兵法》原文 为便于大家记忆，以下为三十六计各取一字组成的一首诗： 金玉檀公策，借以擒劫贼，鱼蛇海间笑，羊虎桃桑隔，树暗走痴故，釜空苦远客，屋梁有美尸，击魏连伐虢。 六六三十六，数中有术，术中有数。阴阳燮理，机在其中。机不可设，设则不中。 第一套胜战计 第一计瞒天过海 原文：备周而意怠，常见则不疑，阴在阳之内，不在阳之对。太阳，太阴。 翻译：认为准备万分周到，就容易松劲；平时看惯了的，就往往不在怀疑了，秘计隐藏在暴露的事物中，而不是和公开的形式相排斥。非常公开的往往蕴藏着非常机密的。 第二计围魏救赵 原文：共敌不如分敌，敌阳不如敌阴。 翻译：树敌不可过多，对敌要各个击破，对现在还不忙于消灭的，要隐藏我们的意图。 第三计借刀杀人 原文：敌已明，友未定，引友杀敌，不出自力，以损推演。 翻译：作战的对象已经确定，而朋友的态度还不稳定，要诱导朋友去消灭敌人，避免消耗自己的力量。 第四计以逸待劳 原文：困敌之势，不以战，损刚益柔。
三十六计的英文表达
三十六计的英文表达 三十六计(Thirty-Six Stratagems) 1.瞒天过海crossing the sea under camouflage 2.围魏救赵relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of W ei 3.借刀杀人killing someone with a borrowed knife 4.以逸待劳waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy 5.趁火打劫plundering a burning house 6.声东击西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west 7.无中生有creating something out of nothing 8.暗渡陈仓advancing secretly by an unknown path 9.隔岸观火watching a fire from the other side of the river 10.笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile 11.李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing 12.顺手牵羊picking up something in passing 13.打草惊蛇b eating the grass to frighten the snake 14.借尸还魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse 15.调虎离山luring the tiger out of his den 16.欲擒故纵letting the enemy off in order to catch him 17.抛砖引玉giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things 18.擒贼擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers 19.釜底抽薪extracting the firewood
孙子兵法三十六计：内容及其注解复习过程
孙子兵法三十六计：内容及其注解 三十六计 第一套：胜战计 瞒天过海、围魏救赵、借刀杀人、 以逸待劳、趁火打劫、声东击西。第二套：敌战计 无中生有、暗渡陈仓、隔岸观火、 笑里藏刀、李代挑僵、顺手牵羊。第三套：攻战计 打草惊蛇、借尸还魂、擒贼擒王、 调虎离山、欲擒故纵、抛砖引玉。第四套：混战计 釜底抽薪、浑水摸鱼、金蝉脱壳、 关门捉贼、远交近攻、假途伐虢、第五套：并战计
偷梁换柱、指桑骂槐、假痴不癫、 上屋抽梯、树上开花、反客为主。第六套：败战计 美人计、空城计、反间计 苦肉计、连环计、走为上。 理解与认识 第一计：瞒天过海 就是指有意制造一种假象，让人在毫无察觉中渡过大海的意思。它用在军事上并不是专指瞒着人过海，而是一种假象，掩盖其真实意图的计谋。 第二计：围魏救赵 战国时期，魏国围攻赵国。齐国为救赵国，出兵直攻魏国京都，魏国被迫撤军回救，使赵国解围。后用“围魏救赵”袭击敌人后方以迫使进攻敌人撤回的战术。 第三计：借刀杀人 比喻自己不出面，而利用别人去害人，以达到自己的目的。是借别人之力，实现自己企图的一种权术。用在军事上，就是种用第三者的力量，包括制造和利用敌人，内部之间的矛盾。 第四计：以逸待劳 原指在战争中依靠有利地形，一边防御、一边养精蓄锐，待进攻者疲劳和士兵沮丧之后，再转守为攻的谋略。也指让对方先行动，自己坐等时机成熟后再行事。 第五计：趁火打劫
其原意是趁着人家失火，自顾不暇的机会，从事盗窃活动。也比喻趁人危难之时自己已去好处。在军事上，是指乘敌人之危，进攻敌人的谋略。 第六计：声东击西 其意思是指表面上或口里嚷着要攻打东边，而实际上却打西边。它以假象让敌人产生错觉，而出奇制胜的一种军事策略 第七计：无中生有 其本意是：本无其事，而是凭空捏造。运用在军事上。就是采取虚虚实实的办法，虚中有实、用假象欺骗敌人，造成敌人判断和行动失误的计谋。 第八计暗度陈仓 此计的全称是“明修栈道、暗度陈仓”。这是楚汉相争时，刘邦公开表示要从栈道走出明里假装修复栈道，机时利用佯修栈道的时间，却暗中通过另外的道路迂回到陈仓。这是一种以正面佯攻、佯动的迷惑手段，来掩盖攻击路线的谋略。 第九计隔岸观火 就是站在时面岸上观看着火。原比喻对人急难，不加救助，而采取看热闹的态度。在军事上指采取“坐山观虎斗”的态度，等待时机从中渔利的一种计谋。 第十计笑里藏刀 原指表面和善而内心阴险，也就是口蜜腹剑的两面派手法。在军事上，一般指通过政治外交上的伪装手段，欺骗麻痹对方，以俺盖其军事行动。 第十一计李代挑僵 原（诗）指李树生在桃树旁，虫子咬桃根李树代替桃树而死。本意是比喻兄弟相爱相助，后转为以此代彼或代人受过。军事上引用，指善于用小的损失换大胜利。 第十二计顺手牵羊 就是乘机顺便把人家的羊牵走。比喻乘便行事，毫不费力。作为计策，即乘敌人空隙，及时加以利用。是一种创造战要的谋略。 第十三计打草惊蛇
三十六计原文及解读
三十六计 总说 六六三十六,数中有术,术中有数。阴阳燮理,机在其中。机不可设,设则不中。 ○第一套〖胜战计〗 第01计瞒天过海备周则意怠,常见则不疑。阴在阳之内,不在阳之对。太阳,太阴。 防备得周全时,更容易麻痹大意;习以为常得事,也常会失去警戒。秘密常潜藏在公开得事物里,并非存在于公开暴露得事物之外。公开暴露得事物发展到极端,就形成了最隐秘得潜藏状态。 第02计围魏救赵共敌不如分敌,敌阳不如敌阴。 进攻兵力集中、实力强大得敌军,不如使强大得敌军分散减弱了再攻击。攻击敌军得强盛部位,不如攻击敌军得薄弱部份来得有效。 第03计借刀杀人敌已明,友未定,引友杀敌。不自出力,以《损》推演。 敌人得情况已经明了,友方得态度尚未确定。利用友方得力量去消灭敌人,自己不需要付出什么力量。这就是从《损》卦推演出得计策。 第04计以逸待劳困敌之势,不以战。损刚益柔。 困敌可用积极防御,逐渐消耗敌人得有生力量,使之由强变弱,而我因势利导又可使自己变被动为主动,不一定要用直接进攻得方法,同样可以制胜。 第05计趁火打劫敌之害大,就势取利,刚决柔也。
此计就是以“刚”喻己,以“柔”喻敌,言乘敌之危,就势而取胜得意思。 第06计声东击西敌志乱萃,不虞。坤下兑上之象,利其不自主而取之。 敌处错失丛杂、危机四伏得处境,我则要抓住敌人这不能自控得混乱之势,机动灵活地运用时东时西,似打似离,不攻而示它以攻,欲攻而又示之以不攻等战术,进一步造成敌人得错觉,出其不意地一举夺胜。 ○第二套〖敌战计〗 第07计无中生有诳也,非诳也,实其所诳也。少阴、太阴、太阳。 用假象欺骗对方,但并非一假到底,而就是让对方把受骗得假象当成真象。 第08计暗渡陈仓示之以动,利其静而有主,“益动而巽”。 此计就是利用敌人被我“示之以动”得迷惑手段所蒙蔽,而我即乘虚而入,以达军事上得出奇制胜。 第09计隔岸观火阳乖序乱,阴以待逆。暴戾恣睢,其势自毙。顺以动豫,豫顺以动。 此计正就是运用本卦顺时以动得哲理,说坐观敌人得内部恶变,我不急于采取攻逼手段,顺其变,“坐山观虎斗”,最后让敌人自残自杀,时机—到而我即坐收其利,一举成功。 第10计笑里藏刀信而安之,阴以图之。备而后动,勿使有变。刚中柔外也。
英语翻译：《三十六计》第三十计-反客为主
英语翻译：《三十六计》第三十计-反客为主【释义】 乘隙插足，扼其主机：把准时机插足进去，掌握他的要害关节之处。 ②渐之进也：语出《易经渐》卦。（渐卦解释见前计②）本卦《彖》辞：“渐之进也。”意为渐就是渐进的意思。此计使用此理，是说乘隙插足，扼其主机。客人反过来成为主人。比喻变被动为主动。 反客为主用英语怎么说 turning from the guest into the host turn 是什么意思 v.翻转；旋转；转动；转向；轮流；（使）变得 n.轮流；转动 The turbulence caused the plane to turn over. 空气的激流导致飞机翻转。 It is now his turn to set me up to a nice dinner. 现在轮到他请我吃一顿丰盛的晚餐了。 from是什么意思 prep.出自；来自；从( ... 起) He descended from a good family. 他出自名门。 From what author does this quotation come? 这个引文出自哪位作者?
host是什么意思 n.主人；主持人；主办方；大量；寄主；主机 v.主办；主持；做东 At the end of the party, we thanked our host and went back home. 宴会结束时,我们谢了主人后便回家去了。 We sincerely wish China success in hosting Expo 2010. 我们衷心祝愿中国成功主办2010年世博会。
三十六计原文及解读汇报
三十六计 总说 六六三十六，数中有术，术中有数。阴阳燮理，机在其中。 机不可设，设则不中。 O第一套〖胜战计〗 第01计瞒天过海备周则意怠，常见则不疑。阴 在阳之内，不在阳之对。太阳，太阴。 防备得周全时，更容易麻痹大意；习以为常的事，也常会失去警戒。秘密常潜藏在公开的事物里，并非存在于公开暴露的事物之外。公开暴露的事物发展到极端，就形成了最隐秘的潜藏状态。 第02计围魏救赵共敌不如分敌，敌阳不如敌阴进攻兵力集中、实力强大的敌军，不如使强大的敌军分散减弱了再攻击。攻击敌军的强盛部位，不如攻击敌军的薄弱部份来得有效。 第03计借刀杀人敌已明，友未定，引友杀敌。 不自出力，以《损》推演。 敌人的情况已经明了，友方的态度尚未确定。利用友方的力量去 消灭敌人，自己不需要付出什么力量。这是从《损》卦推演出的计策。 第04计以逸待劳困敌之势，不以战。损刚益柔。 困敌可用积极防御，逐渐消耗敌人的有生力量，使之由强变弱，而我因势利导又可使自己变被动为主动，不一定要用直接进攻的方法， 同样可以制胜。
第05计趁火打劫敌之害大，就势取利，刚决柔也。 此计是以“刚”喻己，以“柔”喻敌，言乘敌之危，就势而取胜的意思。 第06计声东击西敌志乱萃，不虞。坤下兑上之 象，利其不自主而取之。 敌处错失丛杂、危机四伏的处境，我则要抓住敌人这不能自控的混乱之势，机动灵活地运用时东时西，似打似离，不攻而示它以攻，欲攻而又示之以不攻等战术，进一步造成敌人的错觉，出其不意地一举夺胜。 O第二套〖敌战计〗 第07计无中生有诳也，非诳也，实其所诳也。 少阴、太阴、太阳。 用假象欺骗对方，但并非一假到底，而是让对方把受骗的假象当成真象。 第08计暗渡陈仓示之以动，利其静而有主，“益 动而巽”。 此计是利用敌人被我“示之以动”的迷惑手段所蒙蔽，而我即乘虚而入，以达军事上的出奇制胜。 第09计隔岸观火阳乖序乱，阴以待逆。暴戾恣 睢，其势自毙。顺以动豫，豫顺以动。 此计正是运用本卦顺时以动的哲理，说坐观敌人的内部恶变，我不急于采取攻逼手段，顺其变，“坐山观虎斗”，最后让敌人自残自 杀，时机一到而我即坐收其利，一举成功。
三十六计原文译文及英文表达
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2017年6月英语六级翻译模拟练习题：三十六计
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孙子兵法之三十六计
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信而安之，阴以图之。备而有动，勿使有变。刚中柔外也。第十一计：李代桃僵 势必有损，损阴以益阳。 第十二计：顺手牵羊 微隙在所必乘，微利在所必得。少阴，少阳。 攻战计 第十三计：打草惊蛇 疑以叩实，察而后动。复者，阴之媒也。 第十四计：借尸还魂 有用者，不可借；不能用者，求借。借不能用者而用之。匪我求童蒙， 童蒙求我。 第十五计：调虎离山 待天以困之，用人以诱之，往蹇来返。 第十六计：欲擒故纵 逼则反兵，走则减势。紧随勿迫，累其气力，消其斗志，散而后擒，兵 不血刃。需有福，光。 第十七计：抛砖引玉 类以诱之，击蒙也。 第十八计：擒贼擒王 摧其坚，夺其魁，以解其体。龙战于野，其道穷也。 第十九计：釜底抽薪 不敌其力，而消其势，兑下乾上之象。
第二十计：浑水摸鱼 乘其阴乱，利其弱而无主。随，以向晦入宴息。 第二十一计：金蝉脱壳 存其形，完其势；友不疑，敌不动。巽而止蛊。 第二十二计：关门捉贼 小敌困之。削，不利有攸往。 第二十三计：远交近攻 形禁势格，利从近取，害以远隔。上火下泽。 第二十四计：假道伐虢 两大之间，敌胁以从，我假以势。困，有言不信。 并战计 第二十五计：偷梁换柱 频更其阵，抽其劲旅，待其自败，而后乘之。曳其轮也。 第二十六计：指桑骂槐 大凌小者，警以诱之。刚中而立，行险而顺。 第二十七计：假痴不癫 宁伪作不知不为，不伪作假知妄为。静不露机，云雷屯也。 第二十八计：上屋抽梯 假之以便，唆之使前，断其援应，陷之死地。遇毒，位不当也，第二十九计：树上开花 借局布势，利小势大。鸿渐于陆，其羽可以为仪也。 第三十计：反客为主
三十六计之苦肉计的故事
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《三十六计》30计 【并战】反客为主_原文注释译文解读
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生介绍了单位各自的状况和人才需求信息。双方在自由、轻松的气氛中进行了长时间的交流、谈判，最终有近10名学生与用人单位达成了就业意向。 这次活动的主要策划人之一，广告班班长王宏宇谈到举办此次活动的目的时说，以前我也多次参加过人才交流会，几乎所有的招聘模式都一样，都分初试、笔试、面试几个步骤。整个过程要拖很长时间。假如单位在外地，还要花很多路费。有时候递上一份简历就没了下文，连展示自己的机会都没有。传统的招聘方式效率比较低，在一定程度上还是单向选择，而非真正意义上的双向选择。 美国Bestformulations中国总部总裁杜先生在谈到传统招聘时也有同样的感受。他说每年企业都要为招聘新人花去很大精力，而且仅凭简历就淘汰很多人，这其中难免会埋没许多真正的人才。“反招聘”则给了用人单位和大学生双方更多的互相了解和交流的机会，交流形式也更直接更便捷，效率当然更高。他希望这种“反招聘”能在大专院校推广开来。 河北大学学生处处长认为，这次活动是人才交流方式的一次创新，从形式上讲是人才市场由买方市场向卖方市场转化的一次大胆尝试。 郭子仪用旧情平叛军 唐朝有个叛将，名字叫仆固怀恩。他煽动吐蕃和回纥两国联合出兵，进犯中原。大兵三十万，一路连战连捷，直逼泾阳。泾阳的守将是唐朝著名将军郭子仪，他是奉命前来平息叛乱的，这时他只有一万余名精兵。面对漫山郭子仪遍野的敌人，郭子仪知道形势十分严峻。 正在这个时候，仆固怀恩病死了。吐蕃和回纥就失去了在中间联系和协调的人物。双方都想争夺指挥权，矛盾逐渐激化。两军各驻一地，互不联系往来。吐蕃驻扎东门外，回纥驻扎西门外。 郭子仪想何不乘机分化这两支军队?他在安史之乱时，曾和回纥将领并肩作战，对付安禄山。这种老关系何不利用一下呢?他秘密派人前往回纥营中转达郭子仪想与过去并肩作战的老友叙叙情谊。回纥都督药葛罗，也是个重视旧情的人。听说郭子仪就在泾阳，十分高兴。但是，他说：“除非郭老令公亲自让我们见到，我们才会相信。”
三十六计详解完整版(经典收藏了)
三十六计详解完整版（经典收藏了） 《三十六计》或称三十六策，是指中国古代三十六个兵法策略，语源于南北朝，成书于明清。它是根据中国古代汉族军事思想和丰富的斗争经验总结而成的兵书，是汉民族悠久非物质文化遗产之一。 第一套胜战计 1第一计：瞒天过海 备周而意怠，常见则不疑，阴在阳之内，不在阳之对。太阳，太阴。 译：认为准备万分周到，就容易松劲；平时看惯了的，就往往不再怀疑了，秘计隐藏在暴露的事物中，而不是和公开的形式相排斥。非常公开的往往蕴藏着非常机密的。 2第二计：围魏救赵 共敌不如分敌，敌阳不如敌阴。 译：树敌不可过多，对敌要各个击破，对现在还不忙于消灭的，要隐藏我们的意图。 3第三计：借刀杀人 敌已明，友未定，引友杀敌，不出自力，以损推演。 译：作战的对象已经确定，而朋友的态度还不稳定，要诱导朋友去消灭敌人，避免消耗自己 4第四计：以逸待劳 困敌之势，不以战，损刚益柔。 译：控制敌方力量发展的命脉来扼杀他，而不采取进攻的形势，这就是"损刚益柔"原理的演用。 5第五计：趁火打劫 敌之害大，就势取利，刚决柔也。 译：敌方的危机很大，就乘机取利，用优势力量攻击软弱的。 6第六计：声东击西 乱志乱萃，不虞"坤下兑上"之象；利其不自主而取之。 译：敌人乱撞瞎碰，摸不清情况，这是《易经》"萃"封上所说的"坤下兑上"的混乱征状。必须利用敌方失去控制力的时机加以消灭。 第二套敌战计 7第七计：无中生有 诳也，非诳也，实其所诳也。少阴，太阴，太阳。 译：无中生有是运用假象，但不是弄假到底。而是使假象变真象，大小假象，掩护真象。 8第八计：暗渡陈仓
示之以动，利其静而有主，"益动而巽"。 译：故意暴露行动，利用敌方固守的时机，便主动偷袭。 9第九计：隔岸观火 阳乖序乱，阴以待逆，暴戾恣睢，其势自毙。顺以动豫，豫顺以动。 译：敌人内部分裂，秩序混乱，我便等待他发生暴乱，那时敌人穷凶极恶，翻目仇杀，势必自行灭亡。我要根据敌人变动作好准备；作好准备之后，还要根据敌人的变动而行动。 10第十计：笑里藏刀 信而安之，阴以图之，备而后动，勿使有变：刚中柔外也。 译：使敌人相信我方，并使其麻痹松懈，我则暗中策划，充分准备，一有机会，立即动手，使他来不及应变，这是暗中厉害，表面柔和的策略。 11第十一计：李代桃僵 势必有损，损阴以益阳。 译：当局势发展有所损失的时候，要舍得局部的损失，以换取全局的优势。 12第十二计：顺手牵羊 微隙在所必乘，微利在所必得。少阴，少阳。 译：微小的漏洞必须利用，微小的利益，也必须获得。变敌人小的疏忽，为我方小的胜利。 第三套攻战计 13第十三计：打草惊蛇 疑为叩实，察而后动，复者，阴之媒也。 译：有怀疑的就要侦察实情，完全掌握了实情再行动。反复侦察，是发现暗藏敌人的因素。 14第十四计：借尸还魂 有用者不可借，不能用者，求借，借不能用者而用之。匪我求童蒙，童蒙求我。 译：有用的不可以利用，怕的是我不能控制它，不能利用的却要去利用，因为我完全可以控制它，利用不能用的而控制它，这不是我受别人的支配，而是我支配别人。 15第十五计：调虎离山 待天以困之，用人以诱之，"往蹇来返"。 译：等待天时对敌方不利时再去围困他，用人假象去诱骗他"往前有危险，就返身离开"。 16第十六计：欲擒故纵
《三十六计》中英文对照
《三十六计》中英文对照 《孙子兵法》三十六计（Thirty-Six Stratagems）乃兵家之经典著作。语源于南北朝，成书于明清，是汉民族悠久文化遗产之一。古人学好三十六计，带兵打胜券在握。现代人习之，在商场职场生活领域中，古为今用。而三十六计在外国也极受欢迎，今天就来学习下《三十六计》的中英文表达吧！ 第一套胜战计Winning Stratagems 第一计瞒天过海 crossing the sea under camouflage 备周则意怠；常见则不疑。阴在阳之内，不在阳之对。太阳，太阴。 Mask your real goals, by using the ruse of a fake goal, until the real goal is achieved. Tactically, this is known as an 'open feint': in front of everyone, you point west, when your goal is actually in the east. 第二计围魏救赵 relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei 共敌不如分敌；敌阳不如敌阴。 When the enemy is too strong to be attacked directly, then attack something he holds dear. Know that he cannot be superior in all things. Somewhere there is a gap in the armour, a weakness that can be attacked instead. The idea here is to avoid a head-on battle with a strong enemy, and instead strike at his weakness elsewhere. This will force the strong enemy to retreat in order to support his weakness. Battling against the now tired and low-morale enemy will give a much higher chance of success. 第三计借刀杀人 killing someone with a borrowed knife 敌已明，友示定，引友杀敌，不自出力，以《损》推演。
孙子兵法三十六计讲解
孙子兵法三十六计
一、胜战计 1、瞒天过海 2、围魏救赵 3、借刀杀人 4、以逸待劳 5、趁火打劫 6、声东击西 二、敌战计 1、无中生有 2、暗渡陈仓 3、隔岸观火 4、笑里藏刀 5、李代桃僵 6、顺手牵羊 三、攻战计 1、打草惊蛇 2、借尸还魂 3、调虎离山 4、欲擒故纵 5、抛砖引玉 6、擒贼擒王 四、混战计 1、釜底抽薪 2、混水摸鱼 3、金蝉脱壳 4、关门捉贼 5、远交近攻 6、假道代虢 五、并战计 1、偷梁换柱 2、指桑骂槐 3、假痴不癫 4、上屋抽梯 5、树上开花 6、反客为主 六、败战计 1、美人计 2、空城计 3、反间计 4、苦肉计 5、连环计 6、走为上
1、瞒天过海 原典：备周则意怠；常见则不疑。阴在阳之内，不在阳之对。太阳，太阴。 译文：防备周全时，更容易麻痹大意；习以为常的事，也常会失去警戒。秘密潜在公开的事物里，并非存在于公开暴露的事物之外。公开暴露的事物发展到极端， 就形成了最隐秘的潜藏状态。 解析："瞒天过海"，"胜战计"之第一计。唐太宗率军平定东辽之乱，途中晕船不能行进，薛仁贵出计，造一"木城船"，瞒过太宗，使其安全过海。 2、围魏救赵 原典：共敌不如分敌；敌阳不如敌阴。 译文：直接攻打集中的强敌，不如先设计分散它再各个击破；主动出击攻击敌人，不如等待敌人的弱点暴露后再相机歼敌。 解析："围魏救赵"，"胜战计"第二计。战国时期，齐国军师孙膑用此计在桂陵大 败魏军，可谓"围魏救赵"的典范。 3、借刀杀人 原典：敌已明，友示定，引友杀敌，不自出力，以《损》推演。 译文：在敌方情况已经明确，友军态度尚未稳定时，应引导友军与敌人拼杀，不必自己出兵攻打，以保存实力。这就是根据《易经。损》卦"损上益下"的原理推演出的，用别人的损失换取自己的利益的办法。 解析："借刀杀人"，"胜战计"之第三计。西汉末年，刘秀率军与驻守洛阳的朱鲔、李轶对峙，刘秀巧用计谋，借朱鲔之手杀掉了李轶，得到了洛阳。 4、以逸待劳 原典：困敌之势，不以战；损刚益柔。 译文：迫使敌人处于困难的境地，不一定采取直接进攻的手段，可以根据刚柔互相转化的原理，实行积极防御，逐渐消耗、疲惫敌人，使之由强变弱，我方则由 被动变主动。 解析："以逸待劳"，"胜战计"之第四计。隋末唐初，秦王李世民攻打洛阳、河北，李世民用"以逸待劳"之计歼灭了窦建德，逼降了王世充，取得两地。 5、趁火打劫 原典：敌之害大，就势取利。刚决柔也。 译文：当敌方出现危难时，应该趁机出击，夺取胜利。这就是把握战机，以强击 弱，克敌制胜的策略。 解析："趁火打劫"，"胜战计"之第五计。明朝末年，清将多尔衮于李自成义军江山未稳定之际，趁火打劫，勾结吴三桂，占领山海关，挥军入侵，占领了中原。