2012年9月中级口译考试真题
2012年9月中级口译考试真题+答案+解析（汇总版）Spot Dictation:
We all have problems and barriers that block our progress, or prevent us from moving into new areas. Our problems might include the fear of speaking in front of a group, anxiety about math problems, or the reluctance to sound silly trying to speak a foreign language. It's natural to have problems and barriers, but sometimes they limit our experience so much, we get bored with life. When that happens, consider the following three ways of dealing with the problem or barrier.
One way is to pretend it doesn't exist. Avoid it, deny it, and lie about it. It's like turning your head the other way, putting on a fake grin, and saying, "See, there's really no problem at all. Everything is fine."
In addition to looking foolish, this approach leaves the barrier intact, and we keep bumping into it. So, a second approach is to fight the barrier, to struggle against it. This usually makes the barrier grow. It increases the barrier's magnitude. A person who is obsessed with weight might constantly worry about being fat. He might struggle with it every day, trying diet after diet. And the more he struggles, the bigger the problem gets.
The third alternative is to love the barrier. Accept it. Totally experience it. Tell the truth about it. Describe it in detail.
Applying this process is easier if you remember two ideas. First, loving a problem is not necessarily the same as enjoying it. Love in this sense means total and unconditional acceptance. Second, unconditional acceptance is not the same as unconditional surrender. Accepting a problem is different than giving up or escaping from it. Rather, this process involves escaping into the problem, diving into it headfirst, and getting to know it in detail.
Often the most effective solutions come, when we face a problem squarely, with eyes wide open, then we can move through the problem, instead of around it. When you are willing to love your problems, you drain them of much of their energy.
【评析】
本文选自Dave Ellis 的著作Becoming a Master Student其中的一个章节：Love your problems and experience your barriers，本文主要介绍了解决问题的三种办法，第一种是直接无视它，就当不存在；第二种是正视它，挑战它，第三种则是爱上困难，充分体验。然后又给出两个观点，教你更容易地应用这些办法。
总体而言，难度不大，文章选材方面还是比较中规中矩的，关于问题和困难的相关话题也是考生比较熟悉的部分。词汇方面也没有什么难词偏僻词，考生应该不会感到太难。Statements:
Question1:
Obviously Kell has been unhappy with her present job. She works as a nurse but she would drop a teacher at a primary or secondary school.
Question2:
We don't have enough information for our financial plan, but it's due tomorrow. I'm afraid we'll just have to make do with what we have got.
Question3:
There is more pressure than ever in the competitive job market to stand out from the crowd. Continuing your education is one way to get that extra edge.
Question4:
Our production supervisor warned John to punch in on time, dress appropriately for the job and stop taking extra breaks.
Question5:
The ability to work effectively with people from other countries is especially important if you plan a career in MMC management where international experience is an essential prerequisite.
Question6:
Now it is common to find fast food restaurants everywhere. These restaurants serve people who are too rushed to find time to eat a proper meal.
Question7:
Makinen hit what appeared to be oil on the road,and his car slammedinto a concrete barrier, tearing the right rear wheel almost completely off his Mitsubishi Lancer.
Question8:
One of the greatest public health successes has been the massive decline in smoking rates, which are now translating into reduced deaths from cancer and heart disease.
Question9:
In modern society, private houses are not just places for people to live in. Rich people have long-viewed real-estate as a suitable vehicle for their earnings.
Question10:
You need to draw a vertical line two inches from the left edge of your
note-taking page. With this line, you still have six inches of space on the right to write down you notes.
【评析】
1. 此题描述对现在工作的不满和宁愿做的工作。重点在but后面。
2. 此题描述利用现在资源做经济计划的事。考生应注意due（到期）以及make do with （勉强应对）便可知题意。
3. 此题描述如何应对就业压力大的一种方法。难点在extra edge (额外的奖励或优势)。
4. 此题描述主管对John的要求。找准三个并列动词就易于理解。
5. 此题描述什么情况下同外国人有效地工作很必要。题中有个从句，where，修饰MMC。
6. 此题描述快餐店服务的人群。重点在第二句，fast restaurant 应为熟知单词，根据意思也能理解题意。
7. 此题描述Makinen 撞车的原因和结果。难点是单词，concrete barrier (水泥栏杆)，rear wheel(后轮)。
8. 此题描述公众健康取得的一大成就。难点是要了解一些普通疾病的说法以及death rate(死亡率)，decline(下降)。
9. 此题描述私人住宅不仅是用来居住的现状。real-estate(不动产)，vehicle (工具，媒介)。
10. 此题描述划线的问题。掌握单词vertical (垂直的)，考生还应注意具体数字。
Talks and Conversations 1
W: Ah, Bill, have you got a minute?
M: Yes, but can you make it fast? I?m pretty busy.
W: OK. Ah, I?m sorry about this, Bill. I know you?re busy but I?ve got to go somewhere this afternoon. Can I take the afternoon off?
M: Oh, come on, Helen!
W: But it?s really important. I mean it is really something urgent.
M: Look, I?m sorry Helen but I can?t. I?ve got two people off s ick.
W: Well, how about a couple...
M: Look, we?ve got to finish this report today. The boss has been waiting in the office.
W: I know that, Bill. How about just an hour?
M: Yes, all right. I suppose so. But next time I want a bit more warning.
Questions:
11. Why did Helen want to talk to Bill?
12. What is the relationship between the man and the woman?
13. At last, how long was Helen permitted to take her leave?
14. What did Bill want Helen to do next time?
【解析】
本篇属于情景对话，首先应当抓住关键词组take off（请假），接下来就很好理解了。对话中女士因为下午紧急要去某地向男士请假，但是男士一开始因为手上的报告必须要在今日之内完成交给老板而没有准假。之后女士告知实在佷重要，能否请一个小时的假，男士最终答应了。
关键词：take off：请假urgent：adj. 紧急的warning：adj. 警告的；引以为戒的
Talks and Conversations 2
Hi, welcome, today I am going to talk about how children learn social behaviors. Especially how they learn lessons from the family, which is the most basic unit of our social structure. There is a lot of discussion these days about how families are changing and whether non-traditional families have a good or bad effect on children. But it is important to remember that the type of family a child comes from is not nearly as important as the kind of love and support that exist in a home. There are three ways by which children acquire their behavior through rewards, punishments and finally modeling. In today?s lecture, let…s first discuss rewards. A reward can be defined as a positive reinforcement for good behavior. An example of a reward is when a parent says, “If you eat your vegetables, you can have ice cream for dessert”. Or a parent might say, “Finish your homework first, then you can watch TV.” Most parents use rewards unconsciously because they want their children to behave well. For example, a parent might give a gift to a child, because the child behaved well. Or parents may give a child money for doing what the parents asked.
Questions:
15. What is discussed in the lecture?
16. According to the talk , what is more important for children to learn good social behaviors?
17. There are three ways by which children acquire their behavior. Which one is discussed in detail in the talk?
18. Which of the following is not a positive reinforcement for good behavior? 【评析】
本篇文章内容难度适中。虽然其中穿插长句子。但是问题答案都是文章中可以直接听出来的。举例说明能帮助大家很好的理解内容。因此在听的时候，要有上下文的概念，前面如有长句没听懂，注意后面的例子说明。全文的意思就一目了然了。
本篇话题是“孩子如何学习社会行为”。主要集中的讲的是家庭这个社会单元对孩子行为的影响。并且提到孩子学习社会行为的三种方式：奖励、惩罚、模范。本课中主要讲的是“奖励”这种方式。
关键词：Social behavior 社会行为，社交行为Social structure 社会结构
Talks and Conversations 3
John: Good morning, Betty. Do you know what the assignment is for our term paper in history?
Betty: Sure John. But weren?t you in class on Monday? That?s when it was given out.
John: No, I missed that class. Was there a handout?
Betty: No, the instructor just wrote the assignment on the board.
John: Could I copy the assignment from your notes?
Betty: You could if I had copied it all down, but I just wrote down the part that I wanted.
John: Oh no...
Betty: You see, there were four choices of topics for the term paper, but when I saw them, I knew which one I wanted, so I didn?t copy the others down. John: Can you remember any of the others?
Betty: Let?s see... There was one about World War I, something about it, but I don?t remember wha t. And there was one called the idea of progress in the 19th century.
John: And what was the last one?
Betty: I can?t remember. My mind is a complete blank. Maybe you could ask someone else.
John: Yes, I will. Anyway, those are certainly broad topics.
Betty: Yes, but you can focus on a special area within them. Which one would you take?
John: Of course, I don?t know what the last one is, but of these three, I think I?d take the idea of progress.
Betty: That?s very abstract.
John: Yes, but it is one of my in terests and I?ve read a lot on the subject. I?ve never written a term paper on it though.
Betty: Me neither. I haven?t even read about it. Are you going to class on Wednesday?
John: Yes.
Betty: Maybe he?ll write it on the board again.
John: I hope so. Good luck with your paper.
Betty: Same to you.
Questions:
19. How many topics did the teacher give for the term paper?
20. How was the assignment given out by the instructor?
21. Why can?t John copy the assignment from Betty?s notes?
22. Why does John choose to write on the idea of progress in the 19th century? 【评析】
本段听力讲述的是男同学周一没有去上课，来询问女同学老师给出的期末论文题目是什么。恰巧老师给出的是4个话题以供挑选，女同学没有记下所有的话题，只是凭记忆讲述了两个话题给男同学听。男同学在已知的话题中倾向于写“the idea of progress in the 19th
century”，因为他喜欢这方面知识，而且之前也有阅读。问题都是常见细节题，涉及所给话题数目、话题告知方式等，难度不大，只要认真听不难得出答案。
Talks and Conversations 4
Welcome to my lecture on interpreting. Interpreting is a relatively new area of research. It is all too often subsumed under the heading of translation. For example, many translators associations include interpreters. Many books on translation include a section on interpreting. Many translators do some interpreting work and vice versa. Of course, there is an overlap between the two areas that are so alike and yet so different. All of this means that interpreting is still in the process of establishing itself as a discipline in its own right.
My aim in this lecture is to provide an overview of interpreting to anyone interested in interpreting in general, or indeed in becoming an interpreter. For years, I have been collecting information about international and regional organizations in this field. I was quite surprised about some of the results of the questionnaire.
Firstly, with the exceptions of the European Union and the United nations, the actual number of interpreters employed by many organizations is quite small.
Secondly, I have not found any support for the common notion that interpreters do not have a lifelong career that they work solidly for five years or so, earning quite a lot of money, and then disappear into the sunset. On the contrary, they continue to work as interpreters until retirement age, and in some cases, beyond it.
Thirdly, English is the international language of business, and it?s used in boardrooms and business meetings throughout the world. English is also the international language of science. In the 1960s and 1970s of the last century when foreign languages were not like widely taught, many international conferences needed interpreters. Nowadays, most educated people learn
foreign languages. And as a result, the need for interpreters at this type of meeting has diminished.
Questions:
23. Who are most likely to be interested in the lecture?
24. Which of the following is not true about interpreting?
25. What is the common notion about interpreters?
26. What accounts for the smaller number of conference interpreters today?
【评析】
本文节选自美国作家费伦的The Interpreter's Resource（口译员的资源），属于“外教社翻译硕士专业系列教材”口译实践指南丛书。内容上，先是讲口译与翻译的一些区别，然后说明是要对口译做概述，最后提出在调查研究中发现的一些比较奇怪的现象，包括：①公司录用口译者很少；②并没有任何证据表明口译者的工作是吃青春饭的；③现在社会对商务和科学方面的口译者的需求正在减少。文章介绍的都是口译翻译相关的词汇，这些词本身并没有太大的难度，属于考生比较熟悉的词汇范围之内。
Talks and Conversations 5
W:David Macdonald is best known for his work with watercolor painting. His work has been included in over 36 exhibitions. He is also renowned as an art teacher with work in a summer watercolor painting intensive program for high school students. David, how did you start making art?
M: Initially, it was a way to create some private space. As the third in a family of nine children, I always shared a bedroom with at least three of my brothers.
I would help my parents unpack the groceries and unfold the paper bags that I could use inside as drawing paper. Through hours of drawing, I was able to create my own little world. I was introduced to watercolor painting during my second year in college. And ever since then, I?ve b een fascinated by it.
W: What is the source of your ideas?
M: Anything can become a conscious or unconscious inspiration. I can get lost in the country or in the city streets or in the supermarket. Even the shapes and colors of the vegetables give me all sorts of ideas. On a more scholarly level, I was influenced by Chinese and Japanese painters during college.
W: Is there any advice you would like to give to our students?
M: An artist has to believe in him or herself. The dedication, courage and energy my students bring to classroom are more important than anything I can offer. If you want to stand above the crowd, your passion for your art must be manifest through a willingness to work harder than anyone else. The students who succeed see their art as a way of life and not simply as a way of earning a living. My job as a teacher is to help my students realize their potential and bring eloquence to their unique voice.
Questions:
27. What is the topic of the interview?
28. How did the man start to learn watercolor painting?
29. Why did the man talk about the vegetables in the supermarket?
30. Which of the following is not true about the successful art students?
【评析】
此篇是对水彩画家David Macdonald的一篇采访。涉及到David如何开始学画画，他什么时候开始画油画，怎么样获得灵感以及对学生们的建议。一个采访问题，相应的回答，中等难度，没有生僻词，采访对话也较易于理解。
掌握单词：watercolor painting 水彩画；grocery n. 食品杂货；inspiration n. 灵感；conscious adj. 有意识的；unconscious adj. 无意识的；dedication n. 奉献，献身；potential n. 潜力；eloquence n. 雄辩，口才；
Sentence Translation:
1. Courses for adults students may be vocational or recreational, that is, they may be related to a person?s job or taken purely for interest and pleasure.
参考译文：针对成年学生的课程可能是职业性的或者是娱乐性的，即课程可能与一个人的工作相关或者纯粹的是出于兴趣娱乐而上课。
【解析】
本句话难度不大，如果考生一时没有反映出vocational和recreational的意思，也不必慌张，因为之后就是对这两个单词的解释，如果记下来，完全可以倒推出这两个单词的意思。
关键词：
vocational：adj. 职业的，行业的
recreational：adj. 娱乐的，消遣的
2. To overcome their fear of unknown attackers on the cities? streets, many Americans now take instruction in Sun Sword of Oriental Self Defense such as karate and martial arts, commonly known as Gongfu or Wushu.
参考译文：为了克服对城市街道上陌生的攻击者的恐惧，很多美国人采取《太阳之剑》中的东方自卫术，诸如空手道和技击，它们通常又被成为功夫或者武术。
【解析】
本句话稍有难度，sword, karate等词需要考生平时的积累，但是通过attackers，Gongfu，Wushu这样的词语，考生应该能判断出句子的大意。
instruction：n. 指令，教导
sword：n. 剑
karate：n. 空手道
martial arts：武术，技击
3. Drinking tea has been a long tradition of a typical British family. Recent studies suggest that tea can cut the risk of cancer and heart disease and retard the aging process.
参考译文：喝茶一直以来都是典型英国家庭的传统。近期的研究显示，茶能够降低罹患癌症和心脏病的风险，还能延缓衰老。
本句带有科普性质，但是内容并不陌生，也没有太多的难词、生词，唯一的难点可能是retard，解释为“减慢，延迟”。
关键词：
retard：v. 延迟，减慢
aging process：衰老
4. I?ve been looking into the question of having the goods sent by air. It?s quick. The goods are less liable to damage than by sea and there?s less risk of
hold-ups.
参考译文：我一直在研究空运货物的问题。它很快，而且相比海运，空运的货物不宜损坏，延误的风险也较小。
【解析】
本句稍有难度，诸如be liable to...和hold-up可能对不少考生有点陌生。
关键词：
be less liable to：不易……
hold-up：n. 停顿，耽误
5. If you lost two percent of your body weight in water, your brain power and performance level may start to weaken. Another four to seven percent may leave youfeeling dizzy.
参考译文：如果你身体中的水份减少2%，你的头脑开始迟钝，表现力开始下降。如果再减少4-7%，你会感到眩晕。
【解析】
这句话难度适中，但是考生要注意听的同时，快速反应所提及的数字，好在这句话中的数字比较简单。另外诸如dizzy这样的词也需要平时的积累。
weaken：v. 减少，衰弱
dizzy：adj. 眩晕的
Passage 1：
【原文】
While the rest of the world played soccer or the British football, Americans played basketball and baseball. But now soccer is rapidly becoming a major sport in the United States for reasons as simple as the game itself. School officials like it and kids like it. For the school authorities, it?s much cheaper to set up a soccer team. And for the kids, they don?t need to be big or tall to play soccer. All they need is the desire to run.
【参考译文】
当世界其他地方都在踢足球或英式足球的时候，美国人在打篮球和棒球。但是现在，足球已经快速成为美国一个主要的运动项目，其中的缘由和这项运动本身一样简单。校领导喜欢足球，孩子们也喜欢足球。对于校方来说，成立一个足球队成本更少。而对孩子们来说，踢足球并不要求他们长得高高壮壮。他们所需要的就是对奔跑的渴望。
【评析】
这篇文章还是很容易的。话题是我们非常熟悉的体育。平时注意体育话题相关词汇积累。
翻译的时候，注意表达。本篇语气篇口语化。因此翻译一篇文章弄清楚文章的风格也很重要，这样表达时，就知道到底是正式语气表达还是非正式语气表达。有时也有必要了解文章的体材：议论性、说明性还是描述性，从整体把握译文的风格。
1.“as simple as …itself”一般译为“正如…本身一样简单或纯粹”
2.“big or tall”。在这里我们形象地译为“高高壮壮”或“高高大大”
Passage 2：
【原文】
What really makes me mad is the attitude towards morals. Some people are really shocked because actors are allowed to walk about the stage with little clothes on these days. But these same people are not shocked by advertisements which persuade the public to buy things which can do real harm to people, like cigarettes and alcohol for example. I think a lot of advertisements are much more immoral than so-called pornographic or dirty plays and books because they lie or at least disguise the truth.
【参考译文】
真正让我发狂的是人们对道德的态度。演员可以着装暴露，在台上走来走去，这让一些人感到惊讶，然而同样是这批人，却不会因为广告劝说公众购买如烟酒等对他们有害的产品而震惊。我认为比起那些所谓的色情或黄色节目和书刊，很多广告更不道德，因为它们在说谎，至少在掩盖真相。
【评析】
本段话共由4句话组成，后三个句子都略微偏长，但是并不复杂，所以难度一般。较难把握的几个词组如下：
1. little clothes连用。little如果作为“少”修饰的是不可数名词，很明显这里不合适，可以考虑little表示“短的”意思，意译为“着装暴露”。
2. pornographic对学生词汇量要求较高。这个单词表示“色情的、黄色的”。同时，dirty 这里不能直译为“脏的”，而应该采用它的引申义“下流的、色情的”。
3. disguise较难，表示“掩饰、掩盖”，disguise the truth也就可以翻译为“掩盖真相”。阅读理解第一篇：
阅读理解第一篇选自口译阅读教程Unit 5 Reading B “artificial waterways”
Today, most countries in the world have canals. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other means of transport. Some canals, such as the Suez or the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their voyage a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not located on the coast. Still other canals drain
lands where there is too much water, help to irrigate fields where there is not enough water, and furnish water power for factories and mills.
3. The size of a canal depends on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boat using it to pass each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water beneath the keel of the largest boat using the canal.
4. Some canals have sloping sides, while others have sides that are nearly vertical. Canals that are cut through rock can have nearly vertical sides. However, canals with earth banks may crumble if the angle of their sides is too steep.
5. Some canals are lined with brick, stone, or concrete to keep the water from soaking into the mud. This also permits ships to go at greater speeds, since they cannot make the banks fall in by stirring up the water. In small canals with mud banks, ships and barges must limit their speed.
6. When the canal goes through different levels of water, the ships must be raised or lowered from one level to the other. This is generally done up by means of locks. If a ship wants to go up to higher water, the lower end of the lock opens to let the boat in. Then this gate closes, and the water is let into the lock chamber from the upper level. This raises the level of the water in the lock until it is the same as the upper level of water. Now the upper gates can be opened to release the ship into the higher water. Of course there must always be enough water on the upper level to allow for the flooding of the
lock.Sometimes a canal contains a series of locks when the difference in levels is very great.
7. In places where it does not rain very often, irrigation canals drain water from rivers or lakes and carry it to fields. Sometimes artificial lakes, such as the lake behind the Aswan Dam on the Nile River, provide the irrigation water.
8. In places where there is too much water, canals can drain the water off the land for use in farming. In Holland, acres and acres of land have been drained in this way. Since much of this drained land is below sea level, the water in the canals has to be pumped up to sea level. Dikes have been built in Holland to keep the sea from covering the land, as it did in the past.
9. Sometimes canals have to be built across deep valleys. Bridges or aqueducts are constructed for this purpose. The Romans often brought water to cities from great distances by building such bridges, at the top of which were canals. Some canals go through mountains by means of tunnels. One such tunnel, near Marseille, France, is over four miles long.
10. Canals existed in Egypt thousands of years ago. The great canal at Babylon, between the Tigris and Euphrates, was built about 2000 B. C.. The Grand Canal of China, which is over 900 miles long, was begun about 2,500 years ago, and took centuries to finish. During the seventeenth century, France built many canals that are still in use today. However, they are not so heavily traveled as they were a hundred years ago, before railways were built. One such canal is a short-cut between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. In Russia, there are canals reaching from Leningrad to the Caspian Sea. Canals in Germany permit boats to go from the Black Sea to the North Sea. The Kiel Canal provides a passageway between the North Sea and the Baltic. In America, the Great Lakes are all connected by canals, enabling ships to go from the Atlantic Ocean and the St. Lawrence River to Lake Superior. Since the lakes are at different levels, they are connected by locks.
11. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel to the coast. These waterways make it possible for boats to travel between ports along the coast without being exposed to the dangers of the open sea.
【简析】历年中级口译考试没有出现过的现象出现了，阅读部分，没有直接采用过《阅读教程》上的篇章，而这次就这样被搬到了考场上，一方面，我们意识到出题老师越来越浆糊意外，也了解，随着中级口译低龄化的出现，出题老师对考生也越来越仁慈了，不管怎么样，
我们老师都有要求同学回家完成教程，所以，看过书的同学一定很开心，因为开篇，我们就捡了个大便宜。
阅读理解第二篇：
Squeezed Into Smaller Spaces, Koalas Now Face Deadly Disease（出自：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df16424012.html,）
The koala, one of Australia's most treasured creatures, is in trouble.
Faced with habitat loss, climate change and bacterial disease, koalas are being pushed into smaller and smaller regions of the country. In Queensland, the vast state in Australia's northeastern corner, surveys suggest that from 2001 to 2008, their numbers dropped as much as 45 percent in urban areas and 15 percent in bushland.
And while climate change and habitat loss are affecting many other uniquely Australian animals, too -- from birds and frogs to marsupials like wombats, wallabies and bandicoots -- it is a bacterial infection that is worrying many scientists about the fate of the koala.
''Disease is a somewhat silent killer and has the very real potential to finish koala populations in Queensland,'' said Dr. Amber Gillett, a veterinarian at the Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital in Beerwah, Queensland.
The killer is chlamydia, a class of bacteria far better known for causing venereal disease in humans than for devastating koala populations. Recent surveys in Queensland show that chlamydia has caused symptoms in up to 50 percent of the state's wild koalas, with probably even more infected but not showing symptoms.
The bacteria -- transmitted during birth, through mating and possibly through fighting -- come in two different strains, neither the same as the human form. The first, Chlamydia pecorum, is causing a vast majority of health problems in Queensland's koalas; the second, C. pneumoniae, is less common.
Unlike C. pecorum, the pneumoniae strain can jump to other species, but so far there is no evidence that it has spread from koalas to humans or vice versa.
Chlamydia causes a host of symptoms in koalas, including eye infections, which can lead to blindness, making it difficult for them to find scarce eucalyptus leaves, their primary food source. The bacteria can also lead to respiratory infections, along with cysts that can make female koalas infertile.
The epidemic has been particularly severe in Queensland, where nearly all koalas are infected with koala retrovirus, said Dr. Gillett. This retrovirus is an H.I.V.-like infection that suppresses the koala's immune system and interferes with its ability to fight off chlamydia.
''In southern koala populations, where koala retrovirus is much less prevalent, normal immune functions tend to result in fewer cases of chlamydia,'' Dr. Gillett said.
Treating chlamydia in wild koalas is a challenge, she said. The disease is so devastating that only a small percentage of the animals can be treated successfully and returned to the wild. And infected females often become infertile -- a condition that cannot be reversed, so future population growth is affected as well.
There is no treatment available for koala retrovirus, but researchers are working to test a vaccine that would help prevent further spread of chlamydia infection in Queensland's koalas.
A study published in 2010 in The American Journal of Reproductive Immunology found that this vaccine is both safe and effective in healthy female koalas. Further work is being done to test it in koalas that are already infected.
Peter Timms, a professor of microbiology at the Queensland University of Technology who is leading the effort to test the chlamydia vaccine in koalas, is hopeful that there will be another trial this year to test the vaccine in captive
male koalas, followed by wild koalas. If all goes well, plans can be set in motion to distribute the vaccine more widely.
''It's going to be impossible to vaccinate all wild koalas,'' he said.
In Australia, there is no national plan to save the koala; it is up to each region to establish management plans for its koala population. Therefore, once the vaccine is shown to be completely safe and effective, Dr. Timms suggests targeting specific, threatened populations where capturing and releasing koalas would be practical, like those bordered on all sides by housing developments and roads.
Dr. Timms is also working on a single-dose form. of the vaccine to make it more feasible to vaccinate wild koalas.Another possibility would be to make vaccine distribution a routine part of treatment for the thousands of koalas brought into care centers every year after they are injured by cars or dogs, Dr. Timms said.
While it is a combination of problems that are affecting the wild koala population, many experts believe this vaccine would be an important step in helping koalas survive longer. It may buy enough time to give researchers a chance to solve some of the other problems facing Australia's koalas.
''In situations where you combine habitat pressure, domestic dog attacks and car hits with severe chlamydial disease, the outcome for koalas is devastating,'' Dr. Gillett said.
【简析】本文主要讨论的是由于种种因素的影响，澳大利亚的考拉现在可栖息活动的地方也越来越小，这些原因包括气候变化，疾病病毒等。考拉的死亡率也不断上升，主要因素是病毒引起的，之后作者具体分析了这种病毒，并提出了各种可行的解决方案解救考拉。
阅读理解第四篇：
Mysteries of pillow time（出自：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df16424012.html,）
When a study released earlier this year linked sleeping pills to an increase in cancer and death rates, more than a few insomniacs probably had an even harder time getting to sleep.
Though the findings, published online in the journal BMJ, indicated only that there was a correlation between sleep aids, mortality and disease, that was little solace for Americans who filled some 60 million prescriptions for the medications last year.
"The risks of sleeping pills are real," Gayle Greene, who has been taking sleeping pills for three decades, wrote in The Times. "But so are the risks of chronic sleep loss. As the pioneering sleep scientist William Dement has argued, 'sleep is the most important predictor of how long you will live - perhaps more important than smoking, exercise or high blood pressure.'"
Ten to 20 percent of the world's population uses sleeping pills or tranquilizers, according to Global Industry Analysts, a worldwide market research firm. It estimates the global market for sleep aids will be worth $9 billion by 2015.
"It's difficult to go to a Manhattan cocktail party these days and not get roped into a discussion of someone's insomnia or the relative merits of melatonin and 'snore absorption rooms,'" Henry Alford wrote in The Times. And he recounts "a slightly defensive diatribe called 'Why I Have Recently Purchased a $60,000 Mattress.'"
Mr. Alford's mission for better slumber took him to the Benjamin Hotel in Midtown Manhattan, which has a sleep concierge and lets guests choose from 12 pillows like Buckwheat, Maternity, Lullaby, Swedish Memory and Satin Beauty. It also offers massages, snacks, white-noise machines and masks.
Parents tire their children out by getting them outside and having them run around, and maybe that's what people really need, especially as they get older. American health statistics show that more than half of adults ages 60 and over have trouble sleeping.
【DF】2011年3月上海中级口译真题及答案
沪江英语绿宝书之 2011年3月上海中级口译考试 听力原文及解析 SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. My topic for today?s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different national backgrounds. National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate, but there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another?s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior. So can age. The customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures. Gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and socio-economic background are just a few. All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality. It?s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate.A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul. An African American who grew up in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in a country like France where African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States. The norms and values we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, …culture is communication and communication is culture.?
中级口译真题+参考答案
9月中级口译真题+参考答案(4) Questions 16-20 We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men. Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information. The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their
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历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案 原文： 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。 这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 译文： An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage. 解析： 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一
历年上海英语中级口译翻译英译汉真题及答案
历年上海英语中级口译翻译英译汉真题及答案 原文： 出自Newsweek Why We Must Fire Bad Teachers The relative decline of American education at the elementary- and high-school levels has long been a national embarrassment as well as a threat to the nation’s future. Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world. Now, ranked against European schoolchildren, America does about as well as Lithuania, behind at least 10 other nations. For much of this time—roughly the last half century—professional educators believed that if they could only find the right pedagogy, the right method of instruction, all would be well. They tried New Math, open classrooms, Whole Language—but nothing seemed to achieve significant or lasting improvements. Yet in recent years researchers have discovered something that may seem obvious, but for many reasons was overlooked or denied. What really makes a difference, what matters more than the class size or the textbook, the teaching method or the technology, or even the curriculum, is the quality of the teacher. Much of the ability to teach is innate—an ability to inspire young minds as well as control unruly classrooms that some people instinctively possess (and some people definitely do not). Teaching can be taught, to some degree, but not the way many graduate schools of education do it, with a lot of insipid or marginally relevant theorizing and pedagogy. In any case the research shows that within about five years, you can generally tell who is a good teacher and who is not. 我们为什么必须叫停“不称职”的老师?
中级口译历年真题--翻译篇
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2012年9月全国计算机等级考试四级级软件测试工程师真题及答案
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2013年3月上海中级口译考试翻译真题及答案解析汇总
2013年3月上海中级口译考试翻译真题及答案解析汇总 【原文】 朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。 漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。 【参考译文】 Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China. 【评析】 该篇翻译属于经典话题，类似于上海城市介绍，考生如果熟悉教材，注意积累相关句型词汇，特别是对“朝气蓬勃、充满活力dynamic, diverse and stimulating、缩影epitome、遗迹heritage、城市风貌cosmopolitan feel、万国建筑varied architectural styles”等常考的表达，应该可以顺利取得高分。 If you’ve ever been on a jury, you might have noticed that a funny thing happens the minute you get behind closed doors. Everybody starts talking about themselves. They say what they would have done if they had been the plaintiff or the defendant. Being on a jury reminds me why I can’t tolerate talk radio. We Americans seem to have lost the ability to talk about anything but our own experiences. We can’t seem to generalize without stereotyping or to consider evidence that goes against our own experience. I heard a doctor on a radio show talking about a study that found that exercise reduces the incidence of Alzheimer’s. And caller after caller couldn’t wait to make essentially the opposite point: “Well, my grandmother never exercised and she lived to 95.”We are in an age summed up by the saying: “I experience, therefore I’m right.”Historically, the hallmarks of an uneducated person were the lack of ability to think critically, to use deductive reasoning to distinguish the personal from the universal. Now that seems an apt description of many Americans. 【参考译文】 如果你曾经当过陪审员，你可能会注意到一件有趣的事情：一旦关上了门，所有人就开始谈论他们自己。他们会讨论，如果自己是原告或被告的话会做什么。担任陪审员的经历让我明白了我为什么无法忍受谈话性的广播节目。我们美国人似乎只剩下了谈论自己经历的能力。我们似乎无法抛开固有的成见进行总结，也无法客观地分析与自身经历相悖的证据。 我曾听过一位医生在之声节目上讲述一项研究，该研究发现锻炼能降低阿兹海默症（老
上海中级口译口试历年真题
1上海市英语中级口译证书第二阶段考试试题集锦 (201009) 口语题 Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 3 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with “My name is…”，”My registration number is…” Topic: Can shopping vouchers increase consumption? Questions for Reference: 1.To stimulate consumption, which is more effective, tax reduction or shopping vouchers? 2.What are the major purposes of issuing shopping vouchers? 3.In what way can the shopping vouchers best be distributes? Shall every citizen be given the same amount of shopping vouchers or should the vouchers be limited to the lower-income people only? 口译题 Part A Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal…and stop it at the signal…You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage. Passage 1 As for us Americans, you may think that we give too much importance to individualism and personal gains, so much so that it might sacrifice collective benefits, and even bring harm to the harmony of the society.// Yes, but you don’t have to be worried. American work ethic is more individual-oriented. We often value the results and accomplishments of work more than its process.// If I am not mistaken, the traditional Chinese work ethic is based on Confucianism, which stresses the benefit of communal harmony rather than individual freedom.// It’s really very hard to say which is better because if the cultural differences. With the economic globalization, cultural exchanges have become more and more extensive and Americans and Chinese will know and understand each other better. 至于我们美国人，你们会感到我们太看重个人主义，太看重个人利益，这样可能会牺牲集体的利益，甚至会损害社会的和谐。// 是的，但你们不必担忧。我们美国人的工作理念更强调个人主义。我们一般重视的是结果和成就，而不是过程。// 如果我没理解错的话，中国传统的够工作理念是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐高于个体自由。// 由于文化差异的存在，真的很难说哪种理念更好。随着经济全球化，文化交流也随之变得越来越广泛，美国人民和中国人民将会更加互相了解和理解。
2010.9中级口译真题
2010.9中级口译真题
2010年9月中级口译真题 Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you'll know where ___________ (1) goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ (2) and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ (3). Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be _____________ (4) of a typical British family. If you are invited to an English home,
2012年9月全国计算机等级考试二级C语言有答案真题
2012年9月全国计算机 （1）C下列链表种，其逻辑结构属于非线性结构的是A）循环链表 B）双向链表 C）带链的栈 D）二叉链表 （2）C设循环队列的存储空间为Q(1:35)，初始状态为front=rear=35，现经过一系列入队与退队运算后，front=15，rear=15，则循环队列中的元素个数为 A）16 B）20 C）0或35 D）15 （3）B下列关于栈的叙述中，正确的是 A）栈顶元素一定是最先入栈的元素 B）栈操作遵循先进后出的原则 C）栈底元素一定是最后入栈的元素 D）以上三种说法都不对 （4）B在关系数据库中，用来表示实体间联系的是 A）二维表 B）树状结构 C）属性 D）网状结构（5）A公司中有多个部门和多名职员，每个职员只能属于一个部门，一个部门可以有多名职员，则实体部门和职员间的联系是 A）m:1联系 B）1:m联系 C）1:1联系 D）m:n联系 A）自然连接 B）选择 C）并 D）投影 （7）B数据字典（DD）所定义的对象都包含于 A）程序流程图 B）数据流图（DFD图） C）方框图 D）软件结构图 （8）A软件需求规格说明书的作用不包括 A）软件可行性研究的依据 B）用户与开发人员对软件要做什么的共同理解 C）软件验收的依据 D）软件设计的依据 （9）D下面属于黑盒测试方法的是 A逻辑覆盖 B）语句覆盖 C）路径覆盖 D）边界值分析（10）D下面不属于软件设计阶段任务的是 A）数据库设计 B）算法设计 C）软件总体设计 D）制定软件确认测试计划 （11）B以下叙述中正确的是 A在C语言程序中，main函数必须放在其他函数的最前面 B）每个后缀为.C的C语言源程序都可以单独进行编译 C在C语言程序中，只有main函数才可单独进行编译 D每个后缀为.C地点C语言源程序都应该包含一个main 函数 （12）AC语言中的标识符分为关键字、预定义标识符和用户标识符，以下叙述正确的是A）预定义标识符（如库函数中的函数名）可用作用标识符，但失去原有含义 B）用户标识符可以由字母和数字任意顺序组成 在标识符中大写字母和小写字母被认为是相同的字符D）关键字可用作用户标识符，但失去原有含义 （13）B以下选项中表示一个合法的常量是（说明：符号表示空格） A） B）0Xab C）123E0.2 D）2.7e (14)A C语言主要是借助以下哪个功能来实现程序模块化 A）定义函数 B）定义常量和外部变量C）三种基本结构语句 D）丰富的数据类型（15）C以下叙述中错误的是 A）非零的数值类型常量有正直和负值的区分 B）常量是在程序运行过程中值不能被改变的量 C）定义符号常量必须用类型名来设定常量的类型 D）用符号名表示的常量叫符号常量 （16）C若有定义和语句：int a,b; scanf(“%d,%d”,&a,&b);以下选项中的输入数据，不能把值3赋给变量a、5赋给变量b的是 A）3,5 B）3,5,4 C）3 ,5 D）3,5 （17）CC语言中char类型数据占字节数为 A）3 B）4 C）1 D）2 （18）B下列关系表达式中，结果为“假”的是 A）(3+4)>6 B）(3!=4)>2 C）3<=4||3 D）(3<4)==1 （19）D若以下选项中的变量全部为整型变量，且已正确定义并赋值，则语法正确的switch语句是 A)switch(a+9) B）switch a*b C)switch(a+b) D)switch(a*a+b*b) （20）D有以下程序 #include
200803中级口译试题
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(45 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation ONLY ONCE How did the Olympic Games start? In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong _______(1). Originally the Festival was held in honour of .Zeus, the supreme god in Greek Mythology. Eventually the Olympian athletic festival had lost its _______(2) and became an international event. No one knows exactly ________ (3) the Olympic Games go, but some scholars recorded date from 776 B.C. According to some scholars, at first the only Olympic event was _______(4), called a stadium and that was the only event until 724 B.C. After that, other _______(5) were added and sixteen years later in _______ (6) the pentathlon was added and wrestling became part of the games. This pentathlon was a five-event match which ________ (7) running, wrestling, leaping, throwing the discus, and hurling the javelin. The games were held _______(8) and after an uninterrupted history of 1170 years, the games _______(9) in A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan origin. It was over ________ (10) before there was another such international athletics gathering. In 1896, the first of the modern ________ (11) opened in Athens, Greece. Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries___(12). The host country provides vast facilities such as stadiums and____(13).Many more sports are represented, including the very celebrated event:___ (14). The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, ______ (15) on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. The torch is carried by ______(16) to the stadium. The Olympic flame symbolizes the _____(17) of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until _____(18). The well-known Olympic flag, however, is _____(19): the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents _____(20). Part B: Listening Comprehension 1. Statements ONLY ONCE 1.(A) Diana is fond of outdoor activities. (B) Diana is well-paid for her hard work. (C) Diana dislikes her job because it is tough. (D) Diana considers her income to be mediocre. 2.(A) I'm not sure if you are responsible. (B) I'm not content with the result of the meeting. (C) I know the delay is not your fault. (D) I think the flame of that fire is too high. 3.(A) The refrigerator was repaired by an old man. (B) The refrigerator will be fixed if it is under warranty. (C) Mrs. Green had her refrigerator fixed for nothing. (D) Mrs. Green would have had the refrigerator repaired if she had warranty. 4.(A) George always tells the truth. (B) George lives too far to visit us. (C) It is kind of George to assist me in the filling station. (D) It is worthwhile to make friends with George. 5.(A) The company's budget must be reduced reasonably next year. (B) The company's production cost is expected to rise next year. (C) The company has to stabilize its production cost. (D) The company is likely to go bankrupt because of its limited budget. 6.(A) Prompt delivery of the goods before Christmas is the most important. (B) Top priority should be given to the competitive and reasonable price of the goods (C) During Christmas, there will be a shopping craze for goods with good quality. (D) Nothing is more important than the quality and price of the goods for Christmas. 7.(A) Let's continue the talk over dinner at 9 o'clock tonight. (B) We have to work something out before 9 o'clock tomorrow. (C) I propose a break until 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. (D) I'm sure we'll all calm down before 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. 8.(A) Our products cannot compete on the international market because of their higher prices. (B) Our products exhibit greater competitiveness even though they lack advanced technology. (C) Advanced technology will increase our expense to compete on the international market.
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