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Chapter3艺术文化娱乐

第三章文化,艺术,娱乐

Section I 英译中音乐

aria n.独唱曲,咏叹调

background music n.背景音乐

band n. 乐队

baritone n.男中音

bass n.低音部,男低音,低音乐器

beat n.节奏,鼓点

brass n.铜管乐器,或铜管乐队

Broadway musicals n. 百老汇音乐剧

canon n. 卡农,一种乐曲形式,其中同样的旋律被一个或多个声部重复,同一调或相关调彼此在时间上重合

chord n. 和弦,和音

composer n.作家,作曲家

concerto n.协奏曲

conductor n. 管弦乐队、合唱队指挥

contemporary music n. 当代音乐

crescendo n. 声音渐增,渐强

decrescendo n. 渐弱

dissonanc n. 不谐和音,不一致

duet n.二重奏

finale n.(戏剧的)最后一场,结局,终曲,(电视剧)最后一集

flat n. [音]降半音

fox trot n.狐步舞,狐步舞曲

fugue n.[音]赋格曲

genre n.类型,流派

acid jazz 酸性爵士

alternative 另类(非主流)音乐,如gay music (同性恋音乐)

bluegrass 蓝草音乐--起源于美国南方的民间音乐,特色为音乐轻快和象爵士乐那样即兴演奏

blues 布鲁斯歌曲(蓝调音乐)

Celtic 凯尔特音乐(尤指爱尔兰风格)

classical 古典乐

country 乡村音乐

dance 劲爆蹦迪音乐

easy listening轻音乐

electronica 电子音乐

environmental music 环境音乐

experimental 实验音乐

folk 民族音乐

fusion 融合音乐

heavy metal / hard rock 重金属摇滚

hip-hop / urban 嘻蹦乐,又译嘻哈

house 电子乐的一种(注:Hip Hop或Rap源于纽约黑人区,House Music源于芝加哥,但多为白人所作,同时House Music主要为强调Bass Line及Drums的音乐花招,并不涉及文化觉醒或社会运动等主题。)

Indie-Rock独立音乐(属于另类音乐)

jazz 爵士乐

Jazz Blues 爵士布鲁斯

Latin 拉丁乐

musicals 音乐剧

New Age 新时代乐风--以在某些乐器上宁静的即兴创作为特征的现代音乐,例如风琴、

吉它或合成器。以梦幻般的悦耳音乐和民族器乐的乐风而闻名

Punk /New wave 朋克/ 新浪潮

R & B 节奏布鲁斯

Rap 说唱

Reggae 雷鬼乐,一种风格独特的牙买加音乐

Retro 怀旧音乐

Soft rock 慢摇滚

soul music (美国黑人)爵士灵歌,结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点soundtrack 电影配乐

swing 摇摆乐,形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐,以爵士乐为基础,但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队

Techno 强烈动感的电子音乐

Trance 非常Hi的电子舞曲,迷幻电子乐

gospel n. 福音音乐

harmony n. [音]和弦,和声,悦耳的声音组合

hymn n.赞美诗,圣歌v.唱赞美歌

improvisation n.即席创作

lip synching v./n. 对口型,假唱

lyrics n.抒情诗,歌词

march n. [音] 进行曲

melody n. 旋律

opera n.歌剧

opus n.作品

orchestra n.管弦乐队

a large musical ensemble consisting of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments

percussion n. 打击乐器,鼓点

polka n.波尔卡舞曲

pop music n. 流行音乐,通俗音乐

quartet n.四重奏,四重唱

Renaissance n.文艺复兴,有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐

the period in Western Europe from 1400-1600; the style of music from this period

repertoire n.(准备好演出的)节目,保留剧目

an inventory of compositions mastered and performed by a musician or ensemble

Requiem Mass n. 安魂曲

a Mass for the dead

rhumba n.(=rumba)伦巴舞蹈,伦巴乐曲

a ballroom dance based on the Afro Cuban rumba

rhythm n.节奏,韵律

rock n. 摇滚乐

salsa n. 萨尔萨舞曲,拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲

samba n.桑巴舞(一种源自非洲的巴西舞)

score n. 乐谱

solo n.独奏曲,独唱

sonata n.[音]奏鸣曲a multimovement composition for solo instrument, or instruments and keyboard accompaniment

soprano n.女高音

symphony n.交响乐,交响曲

tango n.探戈

an Argentinean dance in duple meter with long, gliding steps

tempo n.(音乐)速度、拍子,发展速度

the speed of the music, based on the beat

tenor n. [音] 男高音

a high pitched male voice

theme n. [音] 主题,主题曲,主旋律

theme and variations n. [音]主题与变奏

trio n.三重唱

vocal range n. 音域

waltz n.华尔兹舞,华尔兹舞曲

SECTION II: 中译英

2.1 中国文化

四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China

[扩展]

火药gunpowder

印刷术printing

造纸术paper-making

指南针the compass

中国古代哲学家Ancient Chinese Philosophers

孔子Confucius

孟子Mencius

老子Lao Tzu

庄子Chuang Tzu

墨子Mo Tzu

孙子Sun Tzu(注:see attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chinese Philosophers 引言见附录)

道Tao , “the way”,the principle of the workings of the universe

仁humaneness (also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue)

四书The Four Books

《大学》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》The Analects of Confucius

《孟子》The Mencius

书法五大书体five major styles of calligraphy

篆书seal script / seal character

隶书official script / clerical script

行书running script / semi-cursive script

草书cursive script

楷书regular script / standard script

中国画traditional Chinese painting

水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting

工笔traditional Chinese realistic painting

六艺:six classical arts

[扩展]

礼rites

乐music

射archery

御riding

书writing

数arithmetic

孙子兵法The Art of War

汉字Chinese character

(汉字)笔画stroke

偏旁部首radical

书写体系writing system

汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan

汉学家Sinologist / Sinologue

中国热Sinomania

同宗同源of the same origin

华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors

单音节single syllable

汉语有“合理的逻辑性” Chinese language is “soberly logical” (Edward Sapir, American linguist)

汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters

level tone阳平

rising tone阴平

falling-rising tone上声

falling tone去声

武术martial art

中国武术Kung fu

武术门派styles or schools of martial art

习武健身practice martial art for fitness

古代格斗术ancient form of combat

中国武术协会Chinese Martial Art Association

武林高手top martial artist

气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises

柔道judo

空手道Karate

跆拳道tae kwon do

拳击boxing

摔跤wrestling

击剑fencing

仗剑走天涯walk the earth (with a sword)

武侠小说tales of roving knights; kung fu novels

中国文学Chinese literature

《三国演义》Three Kingdoms

《西游记》Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West

《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions

《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers 《西厢记》the Romance of West Chamber

《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin

《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio

《围城》Fortress Besieged

《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q

春秋the Spring and Autumn Annals

史记Historical Records

诗经The Books of Songs;the Book of Odes

书经The Books of History

易经I Ching; the Book of Changes

礼记the Book of Rites

孝经Book of Filial Piety

三字经three-character scripture;three-word chant

八股文eight-part essay; stereotyped writing

五言绝句five-character quatrain

七言律诗seven-character octave

中国建筑Chinese architecture

四合院quadrangle, the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard

蒙古包(Mongolian)yurt

碑刻,碑文,碑铭inscriptions on a tablet

碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest

道观Taoist temple

殿hall

烽火台beacon tower

鼓楼drum tower

华表ornamental column

回廊corridor

祭坛altar

假山rockeries

角楼watchtower

廊corridor

牌楼pailou, decorated archway

桥bridges

石舫stone boat

石窟grotto

水榭pavilion on the water

塔pagoda; tower

台terrace

坛altar

亭阁pavilion

钟楼bell tower

柱pillar, column, post

陵墓emperor’s mausoleum/tomb

重要文化遗产major cultural heritage

优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts

文物cultural relics

中国结Chinese knot

旗袍Cheongsam

中山装Chinese tunic suit

唐装traditional Chinese garments (clothing),Tang suit 景泰蓝cloisonné

朝廷使者royal court envoy

文人men of letters

雅士refined scholars

文化产业culture industry

文化底蕴cultural deposits

文化事业cultural undertaking

文化交流cross-cultural communication

文化冲突culture shock

民族文化national culture

民间文化folk culture

城镇文化urban culture

乡村文化rural culture

当地文化native culture

表演艺术performing art

现代流行艺术popular art, pop art

纯艺术high art

高雅艺术refined art

电影艺术cinematographic art

戏剧艺术theatrical art

[扩展]

生(男性正面角色)male (the positive male role)

旦(女性正面角色)female (the positive female role)

净(性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character

丑(幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role

花脸painted role

独角戏monodrama;one-man show

歌舞喜剧musical

滑稽场面,搞笑小噱头shtick

滑稽短剧skit

京剧票友amateur performer of Beijing Opera / Peking Opera fan

京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask

口技ventriloquism

木偶戏puppet show

旁白voice over

皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show

说书story-telling

叠罗汉make a human pyramid

折子戏opera highlights

踩高跷stilt walk

哑剧pantomime; mime

哑剧演员pantomimist

戏剧小品skit

马戏circus show

单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy

特技表演stunt

相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk

杂技acrobatics

京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment 秦腔shaanxi opera

篆刻sealcutting

阴文characters cut in intaglio

阳文characters cut in relief

图章seal

刻刀graver

拓碑making rubbings from stone inscriptions

拓片rubbing

工艺,手艺workmanship / craftsmanship

手工艺品handicraft

木雕wood carving

黄杨木雕boxwood craft

雕漆carved lacquerware

石雕stone carving

微雕miniature engraving

象牙雕ivory carving

竹雕bamboo engraving

贝雕shell carving

冰雕ice sculpture

彩塑painted sculpture

瓷釉enamel

刺绣embroidery

卷轴scroll

蜡染batik

泥人clay figure

漆画lacquer painting

漆器Lacquer ware

青瓷色Celadon

双面绣two-sided embroidery

水墨画Landscape/ ink painting

苏绣Suzhou embroidery

檀香扇sandalwood fan

唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

陶器pottery

制陶业Ceramics

文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper

砚刻inkslab engraving

宜兴陶Yixing pottery

折扇Folding fan

枝编工艺Wickerwork

织锦,挂毯Tapestry

纸工艺品papier mache

中国画Chinese painting

民间传说folklores

寓言fable

传说legend

神话mythology

玉皇大帝God of Heaven

八仙the Eight Immortals

嫦娥Chang’e, the Chinese moon goddess

伏羲Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry

福禄寿三星god of fortune, god of prosperity, god and longevity

财神god of fortune

灶神god of the kitchen

共工Gonggong, God of Water

后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)

黄帝Yellow Emperor

夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)

女娲Nuwa : a goddess who patches up the sky

盘古Pan Gu , creator of the universe

神农Patron of Agriculture

禹Yu , the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty

祝融Zhurong, God of Fire

古为今用,洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe a poem

对对联matching an antithetical couplet

阳历Solar calendar

公历Gregorian calendar

阴历Lunar calendar

天干heavenly stem

地支earthly branch

闰年leap year

二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms

十二生肖zodiac

Rat 鼠

Ox 牛

Tiger 虎

Hare 兔

Dragon 龙

Snake 蛇

Horse 马

Sheep 羊

Monkey 猴

Rooster 鸡

Dog 狗

Pig猪

猴年year of monkey

本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches

传统节日traditional holidays

春节Spring Festival

拜年pay a New Year visit

爆竹,鞭炮firecracker

除夕Eve of Chinese New Year

春联Spring couplets

辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new

饺子Jiaozi, boiled dumpling

锅贴pot sticker

庙会temple fair

鸣钟辞旧岁ring out the old year

年画(traditional)New Year pictures

年夜饭the Eve Feast; family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve

年终大扫除year-end household cleaning

守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve

团圆饭family reunion dinner

压岁钱New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift

舞龙dragon dance

元宵节Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)

元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings

花灯festival lantern

灯谜lantern riddle

狮子舞lion dance

踩高跷stilt walking

清明节Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)

扫墓sweep tomb sites of loved ones

祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors

踏青go for an outing in spring

端午节Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)

赛龙舟dragon boat race

粽子zongzi (pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)

Departed soul 亡灵

忠臣loyal minister

诗人屈原Quyuan the poet

中秋节Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)

月饼mooncake

赏月appreciate the glorious full moon

团圆reunion

桂花sweet osmanthus

重阳节Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day

赏菊admire the beauty of chrysanthemum

登高climb mountain

中药TCM traditional Chinese medicine (详见HEALTH一章)秦始皇帝First Emperor, Emperor Chin

皇太后Empress Dowager

汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)

成吉思汗Genghis Khan ; Temujin

才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

文明摇篮cradle of civilization

夏朝Xia Dynasty

明清两代(of)Ming and Qing dynasties

中华文明Chinese civilization

文明摇篮cradle of civilization

地名:特别注意四川和陕拼法

四川Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan

陕西Shaanxi

古文明研究中心Research Center for Ancient Civilizations

中外学者Chinese and overseas scholars

考古学家archaeologists

人类学家anthropologist

历史学家historian

地理学家geographer

江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River

水乡景色riverside scenery

2.2 体育,娱乐

2008夏季奥运会2008 summer Olympics

主办2008年奥运会host the 2008 Olympic Games

奥运会火炬Olympic torch

奥运村Olympic village

奥运选手Olympian

奥运会核心精神the core spirit of the Olympic games

更快、更高、更强Citius, Altius, Fortius

东道国host country

主办城市host city

冬奥会Olympic Winter Games

国际奥委会IOC (International Olympic Committee)

会歌anthem

会徽emblem

申办bid

申办成功win the bidding

板球criket

公开赛open / open tournament

锦标赛championships

国家体育总局State Physical Culture Administration

健美运动bodybuilding

教练coach / trainer

举重weight lifting

马术equitation

球类运动ball games

赛马horse race

射击shooting

射箭archery

室内运动indoor sports

室外运动outdoor sports

体育道德、运动家精神sportsmanship

田径track and field

跳高high jump

跳远long jump

马拉松marathon

职业选手professional athlete

自行车赛cycling

跨栏hurdle race

体操gymnastics

接力赛relay race

冰球hockey

娱乐recreation / entertainment

[扩展]

《伯尔尼公约》(有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约)Berne Convention

比基尼bikini

茶道sado

敞蓬车convertible

宠物医院pet clinic

传媒media

吹风会briefing

大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener

大众传媒mass media (of communications)

发烧友zealot; enthusiastic fan

狗仔队paparazzo (singular),paparazzi(plural)

广告妙语punch line

吉尼斯世界记录Guinness Book of Records

家庭影院home theater

票房box office

泼水节Water-Sprinkling Festival

群众精神文化生活people's cultural life

人体彩绘body painting

迪斯尼乐园Disneyland

米老鼠Mickey mouse

唐老鸭Donald Duck

特技演员stunt man

替身演员stand-in; double

选美beauty contest, beauty pageant

综艺节目variety show

2.3 饮食文化

各大菜系major styles of cooking / cuisine

粽子Zongzi: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves (eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival)

月饼moon cake

蜜饯candied preserved fruit / sweetened preserved plums

豆沙sweet bean paste

蛋黄egg yolk

咸蛋黄marinated egg yolk

海鲜seafood

扇贝scallop

大葱scallion

葱green onion

肉馅minced meat

鱼糜minced fillet

虾糜minced shrimp

饺子Jiaozi boiled dumpling

八宝饭8-treasure rice

鲤鱼carp

青鱼black carp

草鱼grass carp

欧洲鲫鱼crucian carp

鲫鱼golden carp

鲈鱼bass

桂鱼Chinese perch

石斑鱼garoupa

三文鱼/ 大麻哈鱼salmon

金枪鱼tuna

鳕鱼cod

年糕rice cake - year cake

胡桃walnut

饭票,餐券meal ticket

涮羊肉thin slices of mutton for boiling in a hot pot

芝麻sesame

油条deep-fried dough sticks

酱油soy sauce

绿豆mung beans

油饼deep-fried dough cake

汤soup

菜dish

豆浆soybean milk

盖交饭rice served with meat and veggies on top

香菜cilantro (Chinese parsley cilantro/ coriander)

粉丝glass noodles; vermicelli made from bean starch, etc.

馒头steamed buns

花卷steamed twisted rolls

包子steamed stuffed buns

肉包子steamed bun with meat filling

肉馅meat filling

豆沙包steamed bun filled with bean paste

豆沙馅bean-paste filling

春卷spring roll ( a thin sheet of dough, stuffed, rolled and fried)

包饺子making Chinese dumplings

案板kneading board

擀面杖rolling pin

馅stuffing; filling

面团儿dough

饺子皮dumpling wrappers

馄饨皮wonton wrappers

网筛wire strainer

蒸笼bamboo (food)steamer

锅贴pot sticker

烧卖shaomai (a steamed dumpling with the dough gathered at the top)葱饼scallion pancake

推棍儿pancake spreader

甜面酱sweet sauce made of fermented flour

北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck

面条noodles

拉面hand-stretched noodles; ramen

方便面instant noodle

挂面fine dried noodles

炒面fried noodles

凉面cold noodles in sauce

馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup)

刀削面shaved noodles

米粉rice flour

面粉wheat flour

烤面包toast

果酱jam

三明治sandwich

热狗hot dog

汉堡包hamburger

糖纳滋doughnut

百吉饼、面包圈bagel

高粱饴sorghum candy

酒心糖liqueur-filled candy

口香糖chewing gum

泡泡糖bubble gum

山楂片haw flakes

糖炒栗子chestnuts roast (in sand)with brown sugar 爆米花popcorn

松糕sponge cake

绿豆粥mung bean porridge

红豆粥red bean porridge

杏核豆腐almond bean curd

豆腐tofu (bean curd)

麻花fried dough twist

萨其马egg crisp cake

鱿鱼squid

笋bamboo shoot

笋干air-dried bamboo shoot

香菇dried mushroom

草菇straw mushroom

猴菇hedgehog mushroom

木耳wood-ear/ Jew’s ear

白木耳tremella

冬虫夏草Chinese caterpillar fungus

海带kelp

紫菜seaweed

燕窝bird’s nest

海蜇jellyfish

海参sea cucumber

鲍鱼abalone

鱼翅shark’s fin

熊掌bear’s paw

豆腐泡beancurd puff

腐乳fermented beancurd

刀工cutting technique

切丁dice

切条slice

切丝shred

剁、剁碎chop

切碎(成泥)mince

方块cube

块chunk

瓜子sunflower seeds

莲藕lotus root

莲子lotus seeds

青蒜,韭葱leek

韭菜Chinese chives / leek

平菇oyster mushroom

苦瓜bitter gourd

四季豆、菜豆string bean,snap bean,green bean 豌豆荚、雪豆荚snow pea

豆芽bean sprout

绿豆芽mung bean sprouts

黄豆芽soybean sprouts

枣子Chinese dates

山楂haw

石榴pomegranate

弥猴桃、奇异果kiwi fruit

荔枝lychee

龙眼longan

橘子tangerine

西柚、葡萄柚grapefruit

佛手瓜Buddha’s-hand; fingered citron

木瓜papaya

核桃仁walnut meat

松子,松人pine nut kernels

西瓜子melon seeds

腰果cashew nut

榛果,榛子hazelnut

葡萄grape

核桃walnut

谷grain; cereal

米rice

long rice 长米,较硬,煮前先泡一个小时Pudding rice or short rice 短米,较软

Brown rice 糙米

THAI Fragrant rice 泰国香米

Glutinous rice 糯米

强力面粉strong flour

中筋面粉,不含发酵粉的面粉plain flour

自发粉self- raising flour

小麦面粉whole meal flour

砂糖brown sugar

红糖(感冒时煮姜汤时用)dark brown sugar

糖粉icing sugar

冰糖rock sugar

醋vinger

玉米淀粉、太白粉cornstarch

麦芽糖maltose

芝麻sesame seeds

麻油sesame oil

蚝油oyster sauce

胡椒pepper

白胡椒white pepper

黑胡椒black pepper

辣椒粉red chilli powder

芝麻酱sesame paste

味精msg (monosodium glutamate)

豆鼓black bean sauce

大红豆red kidney bean

冬菇dried black mushroom

酸菜pickled mustard-green

八角、茴香anise

荸荠、马蹄water chestnuts

虾米dried shrimps

明虾prawn

美食节gourmet festival

中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine; Chinese culinary art

色香味形color, aroma, taste and appearance

四大菜系:four major Chinese cusines:

山东菜Shangdong cuisine

川菜Sichuan cuisine

粤菜Canton cuisine

扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine

南淡北咸the light southern cuisine and the salty northern cusine 东甜西辣the sweet eastern cuisine and the spicy western cuisine 八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding

风味小吃local delicacy

切片slice

切丝shred

切丁dice

切碎mince

绞碎grind

大、旺、武火high heat

中火medium heat

小、微、文火low heat

煎pan-fry

炒stir-fry; sauté

爆quick-fry

炸deep-fry

烩stew

熏smoke

煨,炖simmer, stew

煮boil

烘bake

烤bake; roast, grill

架烤grill; BBQ

蒸steam

红烧braise (with soy sauce)

涮(羊肉)dip-boil (mutton slices)

2.4哲学与宗教

无神论atheism

[详析]- the doctrine or belief that there is no God or gods.

创世论creationism

[详析]the belief that God created the universe, including all life, in its present form precisely as stated in the Bible in the book of Genesis.

进化论Darwinism

[详析]the theory that the origin of the species is derived by descent, with variation, from parent forms, through the natural selection of those best adapted to survive in the struggle for existence.

宿命论determinism

[详析] a philosophical concept which postulates that all events, including human actions, are predetermined.

辩证的dialectic

[详析] the art or practice of a logical discussion as of the truth of a theory or opinion.

启蒙运动enlightenment

[详析] a trend during the 18th century that favored the power of human reason. It was believed that knowledge could only come from observation guided by reason and that through reason, continuing progress in knowledge, achievement, and morality could be sustained. Further, that through education, human nature could be changed for the better.

耶和华Jehovah

[详析] 基督教《圣经·旧约》中的上帝,也是耶和华见证派信奉的上帝

女神goddess

先知illuminati

[详析] persons possessing or claiming to possess superior understanding and knowledge

实证主义positivism

[详析]that which has to be accepted as we find it and is not given to further explanation.

苏格拉底问答法Socratic method

[详析]a teacher, by questioning his student, brings the student to recognize some conclusion without telling the student that the conclusion is true.

佛教Buddhism

[扩展]

藏经楼depositary of Buddhist sutra

藏经洞a cave fro preserving Buddhist sutra

禅Dhyana / Zen

禅宗Zen

禅宗大师Zen master

大藏经Tripitaka

大乘佛教Great Vehicle (from north)

小乘佛教Lesser Vehicle (from south)

大雄宝殿the Great Buddha’s Hall

大昭寺Jokhang Temple

地藏god of earth

佛龛shrine

佛寺Buddhist temple

佛像statue of Buddha

舍利子Buddha's relics

身外之物worldly possessions

十八罗汉The Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha

罗汉堂Arhat Hall

释迦牟尼Sakyamuni

四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians; Four Devarajas

涅盘(佛)nirvana

因果报应Karma

儒教Confucianism

孔子Confucius

孔庙Temple of Confucius

道教Taoism

[例句]:Around 3000 Before Current Era in ancient China there were great warring states. Two Chinese philosophers, Lao Tzu and Confucius, took different approaches to the problem. Both Taoism and Confucianism have become religions to some people, while others hold them to be wise philosophies.

道观Taoist temple

藏学Tibetology

喇嘛Lama

喇嘛教Lamaism

喇嘛庙Lamasery

转世reincarnation

转世灵童reincarnated soul boy

异教徒infidel

宗教矛盾religious contradictions

宗教仪式(religious)ritual

邪教cult

邪教组织evil cult gangs

形而上学metaphysics

圣君sage-king

基督教Christian

基督教新教Protestant

基督科学会Scientology

天主教Catholic

耶和华见证会Jehovah’s Witness

耶稣基督Jesus Christ

洗礼baptism

摩门教Mormon (the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)

伊斯兰教Islam

强硬派伊斯兰教徒hard -line Islamist

古兰经the Koran

清真寺Mosque

素菜馆vegetarian restaurant

斋月(伊斯兰教)Ramadan/ month of fast

教堂church

寺庙temple

大教堂cathedral

小礼拜堂chapel

修道院abbey

尼姑庵nunnery

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