M3U3宾补和主谓一致

Module 3 Unit 3 Back to the past

Grammar and usage（1）

Teaching Aims:

◆Object complement

◆Either… or and neither… nor

Teaching Points:

How to use the object compleme nt / either… or / neither… nor

◆Step1Object complement（分层次问题学习A）

宾语补足语

在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其它的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。

*常跟复合宾语的动词有：call, name, make, think, find, leave, keep, nominate (任命), choose, elect (选举), define (定义), regard, see, recognize, treat, take, consider, look up, refer to, accept, acknowledge, describe, depict (描述), represent (表现出), declare (宣称), denounce, employ (雇佣), use, show, organize, express.

Step2 Either ... or ...和neither ... nor ...（分层次问题学习B）

1. either ... or ...

either ... or ... 意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。

例如：

When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。此句中either ... or ... 连接两个动词，因为主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要用其相应的形式。

either ... or ... 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的"就近原则"。

例如：

Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。

2. neither ... nor ...

neither ... nor ... 表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。

例如：

She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。

此句中neither ... nor ... 连接两个宾语。当neither ... nor ... 连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。

例如：

Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。

若将neither ... nor ... 句型变为肯定句，只需把neither ... nor ... 改为both ... and ... 即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。

例如：

Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。

Step3 Practice 动词填空（分层次问题检测A）。

1. When he came back after so many years, he found his hometown much __________ (change).

2. –Do you hear someone __________ (knock) at the door?

–Yes, I did. I heard him _________ (knock) three times.

3. The chef was fired because he was caught __________ (smoke) in the kitchen.

4. Oliver Twist is made ___________ (steal) money from a kind gentleman.

5. Mr Smith was so disappointed to see the camera he had had _________ (repair) went wrong again.

6. He got me __________ (pick) up a pizza on my way home.

7. All of us consider Yao Ming __________ (be) the best basketball player in China.

8. I felt a great weight__________ (take) off my mind when I finished the task.

9. A statesman can make his influence _________ (feel) through his speech.

10. She smelt something _____________ (burn).

Step4 Practice单选（分层次问题检测B）。

1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year.(NMET2000)

A. carry out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry

2.. The missing boys were last seen __ near the river

A. playing

B. to be playing

C. play

D. to play

3. They did n’t observe her _______ in and go upstairs.

A. come

B. came

C. to come

D. coming

4. I have often heard the ABC Song______ , but I have never heard Alice_______ it.

A. to be sung; to sing

B. being sung; sang

C. sung; sing

D. sang; singing

5. I could feel the wind ___on my face from an open window.

A .to blow

B .blowing C. to be blowing D .blown

6.. His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.

A. wondered

B. wonder

C. to wonder

D. wondering

7.. John rushed out in a hurry, ___ the door_____.

A. leaving; unlocked

B. leaving; unlocking

C. left; unlocked

D. to leave; unlocking

8. He found them ____ at a table_____.

A. sat; to play chess

B. sitting; to play chess

C. seated; playing chess

D. seat; play the chess

9. I was disappointed to find his suggestions __ .

A .been turned down B. turned down

C. to be turned down

D. to turn down

10. I have had my bike ____ , and I’m going to have

somebody ____ my radio tomorrow.

A. repair; to repair

B. repairing; to be repaired

C. repaired; repair

D. to repair; repairing

11. Could you show me the mobile phone you’d like ______?

A. to have repaired

B. repairing it

C. having it repaired

D. to repair it

12.－Good morning. Can I help you? －I'd like to have this package

__ ,Madame.

A. be weighed

B. to be weighed

C. to weigh

D. weighed

13. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _______went wrong again.

A .it B. it repaired C .repaired D. to be repaired

14. ---Have you had anyone ______ your newly-bought flat?

---Not yet. I am going to get John _______ a design for it first.

A. to decorate; make

B. to decorate; to make

C. decorate; make

D. decorate; to make

15. It’s so cold today, we must keep the fire ________.

A. to burn

B. burning

C. burn

D. burnt

16. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.

A. cry; to cry

B. crying; crying

C. cry; cry

D. to cry; cry

17. I can make you _____what I say, but you can’t make yourself ____ in English.

A. understand; understand B .understand, understood

C to understand, understand D. understand; to be understood

18. ____ production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.

A. As

B. For

C. With

D. Through

19. When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.

A. cheating

B. cheat

C. to cheat

D. to be cheating

20._______ the room, the nurse found the tape recorder

A. Entering; stealing

B. Entering; gone

C. To have entered; being stolen

D. Having entered; to be stolen

Step5 Homework

Finish the exercises on Page 48&49

Finish Part C1 on Page108

Grammar and usage（2）

Teaching Aims:

Learn the grammar: Subject-verb agreement

Teaching Points:

subject-verb agreement in different situations.

The key point is to help students guess the exact usage from the context.

Step1（分层次问题学习A）

主谓一致是指：

1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

There is much water in the thermos.

水瓶里有许多水。

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

Ten thousand tons of coals were produced last year. 去年生产了一万吨煤。

Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。

并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

Reading and writing are very important. 读和写非常重要。

注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

钢铁工业对我们的生活非常重要。

典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

答案：B。先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好像是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

Step2（分层次问题学习B）

主谓一致中的靠近原则

1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

(1) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.

桌上有一支笔，一把刀和几本书。

(2) There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

班上有20个男生和23个女生。

2）当either… or…与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

(1) Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。

(2) Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.

这里有一只笔，一些信封和纸是给你的。

谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

(1) The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

老师和学生一起在参观工厂。

(2) He as well as I wants to go boating.

他和我都想去划船。

谓语需用单数

1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。

(1) Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们都需要录音机。

(2) There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表有点问题。

2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。

(1) The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.

《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。

3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变）。

(1) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.

有三个星期可以用来做必要的准备。

(2) Ten yuan is enough. 十元钱足够了。

指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。

(1) All is right. 一切顺利。

(2) All are present. 所有人都到齐了。

2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。

(1) His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。

(2) His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

(3) Are there any police around? 周围有警察吗？

3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。

A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

(1) A number of books have lent out. 许多书都已经借出去了。

(2) The majority of the students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。

与后接名词或代词保持一致

1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of 后面的名词，代词保持一致。

(1) Most of his money is spent on books. 他大多数钱都用来买书了。

(2) Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

大多数学生都在积极参加运动。

2）在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

(1) Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。

(2) More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.

百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市

Step3单项选择（分层次问题检测B）

1. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered

B. has offered

C. are offered

D. have offered

2. The police ______ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family

______ almost given up all hope.

A. is, has

B. are, have

C. are, has

D. is, have

3. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest ___ more difficult.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

4. Ten minutes ________ an hour when one is waiting for an important call.

A. seems

B. seem

C. like

D. feels

5. It's not you but Mr. Anderson who ________ to answer for the incident.

A. are

B. were

C. is

D. was

6. --Mike, what did your monitor say just now?

-- Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _______ to visit the museum ______ asked to be at the school gat before 6:30.

A. is; is

B. are; are

C. is; are

D. are; is

7. My driving license, rather than my credit cards, ______lost.

A. have

B. are

C. is

D. has

8. ______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming?

A. Are

B. Is

C. Do

D. Does

9. The wounded __________ sent to the hospital at once.

A. were

B. are

C. is

D. was

10. A number of students ______ for an outing. The number of them _______ fifty.

A. have gone; are

B. has gone; is

C. has gone; are

D. have gone; is

11. When and where to build the subway ______ yet.

A. are not decided

B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided

12. There ______ I'd like to answer this evening.

A. are one or two letters

B. has one or two letters

C. is one or two letters

D. have one or two letters

13. A large quantity of information, as well as some timely help ___________ since

the organization was built.

A. has offered

B. had been offered

C. have been offered

D. is

offered

14. Whisky and soda ______ his favorite drink.

A. is

B. are

C. were

D. have been

15. Each of the students in our class _________ great interest in English and they

each ________ a copy of New Concept English.

A. shows; have

B. have; has

C. is; have

D. takes; has

16. Not only politics but also English is important. In other word, ______ is important.

A. English, as well as politics

B. politics as well as English

C. both politics and English

D. politics as well as the English

17. About one third of the population in Beijing and Shanghai ___________ netizens,

but in poorer areas, only three or four percent __________ online.

A. is; is

B. are; are

C. are; is

D. is; are

18. He said that the twelfth and last lesson _______ rather difficult.

A. were

B. was

C. will be

D. are

19. No one in the department but Tom and I ________ that the director is going to resign.

A. knows

B. know

C. have known

D. am to know

20. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _______ 50 million.

A. have reached

B. has reached

C. are reaching

D. had reached Step4 Homework

Finish the exercises on page 51.

Finish Part C2 on Page108