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高英第三版练习册答案

Unit 1:

1．Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?

2．So with language firmly and exactly.

2. what does the word “this” in sentence 1,para 2, refer to? Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.

3．Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?”

The question sounds irrational, but is true. Unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts, we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are. Without words, our thoughts can not be defined or stated in a clear and precise manner.

4. expain why the word “imprison” in the example given in para.9, though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s purpose?

“malapropism” means the unintentional misuse of a word by confusing it with one that resembles it, such as “human” for

“humane”, “singularity” for “singleness”. But the mis use of imprison is different case, it is wrongly chosen because the user has failed to recognise its associations.

5.Please make comments on the three pairs of examples given in this section. Compare and contrast their differences in meaning.

human: of, or relating to man. (human being; human nature; human rights)

humane: characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion. (humane judge,humane officer)

Human action = action taken by human;

Humane action = merciful action;

Human killer = person that kills human;

Humane killer = instruments which kill but cause little pain, esp. those for the painless killing of animals.

6. what does the word “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be alive to these differences” (para.9)mean?

Sensitive, alert.

7. the writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words.

indentify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.

“we don’t have to look far afield to find the evid ence of carpentry”(para.5)

“it is perhaps easier to be a good craftman with wood and nail than a good craftsman with words.”(para.9)

“a good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the “mot juste”, the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head.”(para.11)

Paraphrase

1.A writer who pay great attention to expressing the exact English will never be satisfied with a word which can not express an idea accurately.

2.For the reader can easily understand what kind of feelings and thoughts we want to convey, we need to be careful to choo se the words we used in article.

3.Finding the most suitable word is in no sense easy. But

there is nothing like the delight and excitement we shall experience when we pick up such a word.

4.If we can use language accurately we are in a position to totally understand the subject matter.

Tanslation

1. 在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。(drive sth. home)

After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point.

2. 差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完成了那个研究项目。(more or less)

It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.

3. 他说的话如此微妙，我们很难理解他的真实意图。(subtle)

What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.

4. 他的新书一针见血地审视了当代的社会问题。(squarely)

His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.

5. 今日的年轻一代对互联网上的最新信息很关注。(be alive to)

The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet.

6. 外语是不是在童年更容易学好？这是一个观点问题。

(a matter of)

It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise.

7. 在挫折面前千万不要丧失信心；鼓起勇气坚定不移地去克服它。(take courage)

Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely.

8. 适量的米饭、肉类、蔬菜、水果构成均衡的饮食。(constitute)

Adequate amounts of rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute a balanced diet.

Unit 2

Paraphrase

1 The result is, the sea,the cradle of many civilizations, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.

2Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out half a mile from the shore, most cities do not bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline.

3 There is an even bigger hazard hidden in the seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday makers.

4 Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents. Translation

1. 我觉得曾见过他，但一时想不起他的名字。(escape)

I thought I had met him before, but his name just escaped me at the moment.

2. 阔别多年，他已经不再是我记忆中的那个纯真少年，而变成了一个老于世故的生意人。(sophisticated)

After years of separation, he was no longer the innocent lad that I had remembered; rather he had turned into a sophisticated businessman.

3. “占领华尔街”运动的起因之一是美国国内日益扩大的贫富差距。(affluent)

One of the motives of the "Occupy Wall Street" campaign was the ever-widening gap between the affluent and the impoverished in the U.S.

4. 由于这个灯塔附近有一个海军基地，外国游客不得登塔。(deny)

Foreign visitors are denied access to the light-house as there is a naval base nearby.

5. 吸毒几乎毫无例外地和盗窃、卖淫联系在一起。(go hand in hand)

Almost without exception, drug addiction goes hand in hand with robbery and prostitution.

6. 这个高尔夫俱乐部不对外开放，只为VIP会员服务。(exclusively)

This golf club is not open to the public; it serves exclusively VIP club members.

7. 为讨得皇帝的欢心，这几个皇妃无所不为。(vie)

In vying for the king's affection and favour, the imperial concubines resorted to every means possible.

8. 他小时候被狗咬过，所以对狗一直有点戒心。(wary of)

He was bitten by a dog when a child, so he has been wary of dogs ever since.

Unit 3

1. In the Hoffmann’s opinion “simplicity”is the best word to describe the essense of Einstein’s character. The abstract notion of simplicity is explained by a phrase in the first paragraph. Which is it?

“going instinctively to the heart of a matter”

2. from the two anecdotes related in paras.2-4, what impression of Einstein have you got?

Einstein was a very modest, never thinking himself any superior to or more authoritative than others because of his fame and achievements as a great scientist of the time.

3. what, according to the author, is Einstein’s most outstanding trait as a scientist?

Concentration. Refer to the first sentence of Paragraph 9. 4. why did Einstein insist on working hard when he was so badly shaken by his wife’s death?

Working hard requires concentration, which would help him to dispel the feeling of sorrow.

5. how do you interpret the sentence in para.11 “to help him, I steeered the discussion away from routine matters into more difficult theoretical problems”?

Tackling more difficult theoretical problems requires greater concentration and absorption. This would help him temporarily forget the sadness caused by his wife’s death..

6. what revelation is made through Einstein’s comment on Beethoven and Mozart’s works?

As a simple man, Einstein takes it that beauty exists in the Universe. Such beauty is natural, pure, and simple. Beauty found is even greater and more admirable than beauty created.

7. how did Einstein feel about the destructive effect produced as

a result of the application of his E=mc2 formula?

This is something he had not expected. He was greatly dismayed by the devastating effect his formula produced once it was put into application.

8.with his favorite anecdote related in para.19, Hoffmann aims to illustrate Einstein’s whimsically. Do you think he is really a whimsical man? What personality trait other than being whimsical is revealed here?

He was not really a whimsical man. If he could be called a whimsical man, then his whimsicality came from the young heart and childlike innocence which he had managed to retain.