形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。
原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化
◇单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er , -est
原级比较级最高级
tall taller tallest
smart smarter smartest
short shorter shortest 特别提醒:以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。
如:healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。
◇以不发音的e结尾只加-r,-st
原级比较级最高级
nice nicer nicest
fine finer finest
large larger largest
◇“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i,再加-er, -est
原级比较级最高级
easy easier easiest
pretty prettier prettiest
happy happier happiest
funny funnier funniest
busy busier busiest
◇以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词(即重读闭音节词),双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
原级比较级最高级
slim slimmer slimmest
thin thinner thinnest
hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest
特别提醒:new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合,且发的是长元音,不用双写。
◇大部分双音节词和多音节的词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词),要在前面加 more,most
原级比较级最高级
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful important more important most important interesting more interesting most interesting expensive more expensive most expensive popular more popular most popular 特别提醒:以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,
如unhappy----unhappier----unhappiest,
untidy----untidier----untidiest
◇以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more,most
原级比较级最高级
slowly more slowly most slowly
quickly more quickly most quickly
angrily more angrily most angrily
softly more softly most softly
noisily more noisily most noisily
特别提醒:early ----earlier----earliest
◇由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。
原级比较级最高级
more interesting most interesting interesting
excited more excited most exciting
tired more tired most tired
boring more boring most boring
不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest
特别提醒:
◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”,还可指“程度更深”。
记住以下三个词组:further study(进修)
further education(继续教育)
further information (进一步的信息)
◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行,如: elder sister(姐姐)
elder brother (哥哥)
◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。
以下内容不作为初中英语教学内容,仅供拓展之用。
◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级,这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。
afraid ---- more afraid, most afraid
tired ---- more tired , most tired
fond ----- more fond , most fond
glad ----- more glad , most glad
bored ---- more bored , most bored
pleased---- more pleased , most pleased
◇下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式,即:既可加-er/-est也可加more/most
cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever
◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高
(即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)
empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely ...
形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。
误:Your English is better than me.
正:Your English is better than mine.
◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,最常见的三大修饰词是:a little, much, even。
以下单词也可用来修饰:any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。
My sister is a little taller than me.
Their house is much larger than ours.
另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。
I’m three years older than he.
特别提醒:very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。
◇避免重复使用比较级。
误:He is more kinder to small animals than I.
正:He is much kinder to small animals than I.
误:He is more cleverer than his brother.
正:He is cleverer than his brother.
◇比较要符合逻辑,在同一范围内比较时,避免将主语含在比较对象中,这时需使用other来排除自身。
误:China is larger that any country in Asia.
正:China is larger than any other country in Asia.
误:John studies harder than any student in his class.
正:John studies harder than any other student in his class.
正:John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.
正:John studies harder than anyone else in his class.
◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则,注意前后呼应。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.
◇为避免重复,我们通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物,只能代替可数名词。
The weather in China is different from that in America.
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
误:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.
正:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.
◇“否定词+ 比较级”相当于最高级。
----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.
Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.
◇比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者,且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two,这时比较级前一定要加the。
He is the taller of the two.
Of the two jobs,he chose the harder.
Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?
试比较:
Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
◇不含than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰,构成“a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示“一个更……的人/物”。
Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢?
◇比较级than 后应用人称代词的主格,但非正式语体中常用宾格。
He is taller than I/me.
◇为避免重复,比较级中同样的动词用助动词do, does, did替代。
I spend less time doing homework than John does.
She tells more funny jokes than we do.
以下内容不是初中教学的重点,仅供拓展之用。
◇形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”。
It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.
◇倍数表达法
▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。
▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.
形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳
◇句型一:形容词或副词比较级+than…
□注意事项:
该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than,即可确定前面使用比较级。
He is taller than I am.
The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.
◇句型二:less + 形容词的原级+ than
□注意事项:
该句型表示“不如、不及”,特别需要注意的是,less本身就是little 的比较级,后面必须跟形容词的原级,否定就造成了比较级的重复使用。
This computer is less expensive than that one.
◇句型三:as +形容词或副词的原级+ as
□注意事项:
该句型表示对比的两者程度相当,as之间必须跟形容词或副词的原级,决不能使用比较级。此外,还要确定使用形容词还是副词。确定的
依据就是根据第一个as前的动词,如果是系动词(如be,感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等),那么就用形容词的原级,如果前面的动词是一般的实义动词,那么就必须用副词的原级修饰动词。
This lesson is as easy as that one.
Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.
特别提醒:as…as之间也可以跟名词,句型如下:
☆as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as
He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。
☆as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as
I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸,我也能。
I have as many books as you do. 我的书和你的一样多。
We’ll give you as much help as we can. 我们将尽我们所能给你帮助。
其它几个关于as…as的句型:
☆as … as one can:尽其所能
He began to run as fast as he could.
☆as … as possible:尽可能
Please help us as quickly as possible.
☆as soon as…一……就……
He will call me as soon as he comes here.
◇句型四:not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as
□注意事项:
该句型表示“前者不如后者……”,往往可以与句型一和句型二替换。第一个as可以换为so。
This classroom is not as bright as yours.
I cannot run as fast as you.
◇句型五:the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围□注意事项:
如果这里为副词最高级,前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”,如:in the classroom,in the world。of表示“在同类之间”,of后面的词与主语同类,另名词前一般有冠词the。among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之间”,among 后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。
The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.
Peter is the tallest of the six students.
This picture is the most beautiful among these.
◇句型六:one of + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式
□注意事项:
one of有三大考点:1. 后跟形容词最高级;2. 后接可数名词复数形式;3. 作主语时主语为one,谓语动词用单数形式。
One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.
◇句型七:比较级+and +比较级/ more and more +多音节词的原级
□注意事项:
该句型表示“越来越……”,如果该形容词比较级构成形式加er,则用前面的句型;如果该形容词比较级加more构成,则用后面的句型。
It is getting hotter and hotter.
The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.
◇句型八:the +比较级+…, the +比较级+…
□注意事项:
该句型意思为“越……就越……”,表示两种情况同时变化。
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
◇句型九:be different from
□注意事项:
该句型没有运用比较级,但也是对两者事物进行比较。注意前后比较需在同类事物中进行。
My schoolbag is different from yours.
◇句型十:the same as… / the same…as…
□注意事项:
该句型同样没有运用比较级,表示两者之间具有共同特性。注意这里的as和same为固定搭配,不能随便变换。
I don’t want to buy the same things as Amy did.
◇句型十一:比较级+than + any other +名词单数形式□注意事项:
any other 后面跟单数名词,表示“任何别的”,即主语在范围内,必须把自身从这一范围内除去,否则逻辑上不通。如果主语不在这一范围内,那么要把other去掉,只用any即可。
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海在中国这个范围内,所以用any other)
Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. (上海不在江苏,所以只需用any)
◇句型十二:比较级+than + the other +名词复数形式
□注意事项:
该句型相当于any other +名词单数形式,常用来进行同义句改写。该句型与句型十一虽然波表面上都是比较级,但实际上相当于最高级。以下三句表达的是同一个意思。
Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.
Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class.
Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.
特别提醒:表示两者(人或物)比较时,比较的对象应是同类事物,不同类的事物之间无法进行比较。