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形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳

形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳
形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳

形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳

大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。

原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

规则变化

◇单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er , -est

原级比较级最高级

tall taller tallest

smart smarter smartest

short shorter shortest 特别提醒:以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。

如:healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。

◇以不发音的e结尾只加-r,-st

原级比较级最高级

nice nicer nicest

fine finer finest

large larger largest

◇“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i,再加-er, -est

原级比较级最高级

easy easier easiest

pretty prettier prettiest

happy happier happiest

funny funnier funniest

busy busier busiest

◇以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词(即重读闭音节词),双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est

原级比较级最高级

slim slimmer slimmest

thin thinner thinnest

hot hotter hottest

big bigger biggest

特别提醒:new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合,且发的是长元音,不用双写。

◇大部分双音节词和多音节的词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词),要在前面加 more,most

原级比较级最高级

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful important more important most important interesting more interesting most interesting expensive more expensive most expensive popular more popular most popular 特别提醒:以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,

如unhappy----unhappier----unhappiest,

untidy----untidier----untidiest

◇以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more,most

原级比较级最高级

slowly more slowly most slowly

quickly more quickly most quickly

angrily more angrily most angrily

softly more softly most softly

noisily more noisily most noisily

特别提醒:early ----earlier----earliest

◇由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。

原级比较级最高级

more interesting most interesting interesting

excited more excited most exciting

tired more tired most tired

boring more boring most boring

不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

good/well better best

bad/badly/ill worse worst

many/much more most

little less least

far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest

特别提醒:

◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”,还可指“程度更深”。

记住以下三个词组:further study(进修)

further education(继续教育)

further information (进一步的信息)

◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行,如: elder sister(姐姐)

elder brother (哥哥)

◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。

以下内容不作为初中英语教学内容,仅供拓展之用。

◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级,这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。

afraid ---- more afraid, most afraid

tired ---- more tired , most tired

fond ----- more fond , most fond

glad ----- more glad , most glad

bored ---- more bored , most bored

pleased---- more pleased , most pleased

◇下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式,即:既可加-er/-est也可加more/most

cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever

◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高

(即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)

empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely ...

形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。

误:Your English is better than me.

正:Your English is better than mine.

◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,最常见的三大修饰词是:a little, much, even。

以下单词也可用来修饰:any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。

My sister is a little taller than me.

Their house is much larger than ours.

另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。

I’m three years older than he.

特别提醒:very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。

◇避免重复使用比较级。

误:He is more kinder to small animals than I.

正:He is much kinder to small animals than I.

误:He is more cleverer than his brother.

正:He is cleverer than his brother.

◇比较要符合逻辑,在同一范围内比较时,避免将主语含在比较对象中,这时需使用other来排除自身。

误:China is larger that any country in Asia.

正:China is larger than any other country in Asia.

误:John studies harder than any student in his class.

正:John studies harder than any other student in his class.

正:John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.

正:John studies harder than anyone else in his class.

◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则,注意前后呼应。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.

◇为避免重复,我们通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物,只能代替可数名词。

The weather in China is different from that in America.

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.

A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

误:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.

正:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.

◇“否定词+ 比较级”相当于最高级。

----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?

----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.

Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.

◇比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者,且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two,这时比较级前一定要加the。

He is the taller of the two.

Of the two jobs,he chose the harder.

Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?

试比较:

Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

◇不含than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰,构成“a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示“一个更……的人/物”。

Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢?

◇比较级than 后应用人称代词的主格,但非正式语体中常用宾格。

He is taller than I/me.

◇为避免重复,比较级中同样的动词用助动词do, does, did替代。

I spend less time doing homework than John does.

She tells more funny jokes than we do.

以下内容不是初中教学的重点,仅供拓展之用。

◇形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”。

It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.

◇倍数表达法

▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。

▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.

形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳

◇句型一:形容词或副词比较级+than…

□注意事项:

该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than,即可确定前面使用比较级。

He is taller than I am.

The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.

◇句型二:less + 形容词的原级+ than

□注意事项:

该句型表示“不如、不及”,特别需要注意的是,less本身就是little 的比较级,后面必须跟形容词的原级,否定就造成了比较级的重复使用。

This computer is less expensive than that one.

◇句型三:as +形容词或副词的原级+ as

□注意事项:

该句型表示对比的两者程度相当,as之间必须跟形容词或副词的原级,决不能使用比较级。此外,还要确定使用形容词还是副词。确定的

依据就是根据第一个as前的动词,如果是系动词(如be,感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等),那么就用形容词的原级,如果前面的动词是一般的实义动词,那么就必须用副词的原级修饰动词。

This lesson is as easy as that one.

Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.

特别提醒:as…as之间也可以跟名词,句型如下:

☆as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as

He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。

☆as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as

I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸,我也能。

I have as many books as you do. 我的书和你的一样多。

We’ll give you as much help as we can. 我们将尽我们所能给你帮助。

其它几个关于as…as的句型:

☆as … as one can:尽其所能

He began to run as fast as he could.

☆as … as possible:尽可能

Please help us as quickly as possible.

☆as soon as…一……就……

He will call me as soon as he comes here.

◇句型四:not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as

□注意事项:

该句型表示“前者不如后者……”,往往可以与句型一和句型二替换。第一个as可以换为so。

This classroom is not as bright as yours.

I cannot run as fast as you.

◇句型五:the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围□注意事项:

如果这里为副词最高级,前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”,如:in the classroom,in the world。of表示“在同类之间”,of后面的词与主语同类,另名词前一般有冠词the。among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之间”,among 后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。

The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.

Peter is the tallest of the six students.

This picture is the most beautiful among these.

◇句型六:one of + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式

□注意事项:

one of有三大考点:1. 后跟形容词最高级;2. 后接可数名词复数形式;3. 作主语时主语为one,谓语动词用单数形式。

One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.

◇句型七:比较级+and +比较级/ more and more +多音节词的原级

□注意事项:

该句型表示“越来越……”,如果该形容词比较级构成形式加er,则用前面的句型;如果该形容词比较级加more构成,则用后面的句型。

It is getting hotter and hotter.

The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.

◇句型八:the +比较级+…, the +比较级+…

□注意事项:

该句型意思为“越……就越……”,表示两种情况同时变化。

The more you eat, the fatter you will be.

In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.

◇句型九:be different from

□注意事项:

该句型没有运用比较级,但也是对两者事物进行比较。注意前后比较需在同类事物中进行。

My schoolbag is different from yours.

◇句型十:the same as… / the same…as…

□注意事项:

该句型同样没有运用比较级,表示两者之间具有共同特性。注意这里的as和same为固定搭配,不能随便变换。

I don’t want to buy the same things as Amy did.

◇句型十一:比较级+than + any other +名词单数形式□注意事项:

any other 后面跟单数名词,表示“任何别的”,即主语在范围内,必须把自身从这一范围内除去,否则逻辑上不通。如果主语不在这一范围内,那么要把other去掉,只用any即可。

Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海在中国这个范围内,所以用any other)

Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. (上海不在江苏,所以只需用any)

◇句型十二:比较级+than + the other +名词复数形式

□注意事项:

该句型相当于any other +名词单数形式,常用来进行同义句改写。该句型与句型十一虽然波表面上都是比较级,但实际上相当于最高级。以下三句表达的是同一个意思。

Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.

Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class.

Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.

特别提醒:表示两者(人或物)比较时,比较的对象应是同类事物,不同类的事物之间无法进行比较。

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