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全球化管理-习题1

全球化管理-习题1
全球化管理-习题1

Short Answers (30 points, 5 points for each)

1.Describe the Hierarchy of Needs theory.

2.Describe the basic steps in Formulating Strategy.

3.State Hofstede’s theory of culture dimensions.

4.How many economy systems are evolved from global economics? Describe each.

5.What’s biotechnology? Please state the development of biotechnology.

6.Describe the nature of organizational culture.

7.State the strategies for the “Base of the Pyramid”

8.Why is today’s international environment so confusing and challenging for MNC’s.

9.How many factors do help influence whether decision making will be centralized or

decentralized?

10.Please describe the global Integration vs. National Responsiveness Matrix.

11.Is there any relationship between company size and European mangers’ attitude toward

participative leadership styles?

12.State Tropenaars’ four different types of organizational cultures.

13.Describe the globalization, anti-globalization and global pressures.

14.List 6types of entry strategies. Describe at least 3 of them the advantage and disadvantage.

15.Describe the content and influence of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

16.How many economy systems are evolved from global economics? Describe each.

17.State corporate social responsibility and sustainability.

18.De scribe the criteria used in selecting managers’ for overseas assignments.

19.State three basic categories of political risks.

20.Do value change overtime?

21.State Herzberg’s two-factor theory.

Questions (30 points, 6 points for each)

1.How has globalization affected different world regions? What are some of the benefits and

costs of globalization for different sectors of society?

A:

2.How has NAFTA affected the economies of North America and the EU affected Europe? What

importance do these economic pacts have for international managers in North America, Europe?

A:

3.MNCs from emerging markets (India, China, Brazil) are beginning to challenge the dominance

of developed country MNCs. How might MNCs from North America, Europe, and Japan respond to these challenges?

A:

4.In what ways do different ideologies and political systems influence the environment in

which MNCs operate?

A:

5.How do the following legal principles impact MNC operations: the principle of sovereignty,

the nationality principle, the territoriality principle?

A:

6.How might different ethical philosophies influence how managers make decisions when it

comes to offshoring of jobs?

A:

7.In recent years, rules have tightened such that those who work for the U.S. government in

trade negotiations are now restricted from working for lobbyists for foreign firms. Is this a good idea? Why or why not?

A:

8.What are some strategies for overcoming the impact of counterfeiting? Which strategies

work best for discretionary (for instance, movies) versus nondiscretionary (pharmaceutical) goods?

A:

9.Why are MNCs getting involved in corporate social responsibility and sustainable business

practice? Are they displaying a sense of social responsibility, or is this merely a matter of good business, or both? Defend your answer.

A:

10.What is meant by the term culture? In what way can measuring attitudes about the following

help differentiate between cultures: centralized or decentralized decision making, safety or risk, individual or group rewards, high or low organizational loyalty, cooperation or competition? Use these attitudes to compare the United States, Germany, and Japan. Based on your comparisons, what conclusions can you draw regarding the impact of culture on behavior?

A:

11.What is meant by the term value? Are cultural values the same worldwide, or are there

marked differences? Are these values changing over time, or are they fairly constant? How does your answer relate to the role of values in a culture?

A:

12.As people engage in more international travel and become more familiar with other

countries, will cultural differences decline as a roadblock to international understanding, or will they continue to be a major barrier? Defend your answer.

A:

13.In what way is time a cultural factor? In what way is the need to control the environment a

cultural factor? Give an example for each.

A:

14.Define the four basic predispositions MNCs have toward their international operations.

A:

15.If a locally based manufacturing firm with sales of $350 million decided to enter the EU

market by setting up operations in France, which orientation would be the most effective: ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, or geocentric? Why? Explain your choice.

A:

16.In what way are parochialism and simplification barriers to effective cross-cultural

management? In each case, give an example.

A:

17.In most cases, local managerial approaches must be modified for doing business overseas.

What are three specific examples that support this statement? Be complete in your answer.

A:

18.Some researchers have found that when Germans work for a U.S. MNC, they become even

more German, and when Americans work for a German MNC, they become even more American. Why would this knowledge be important to these MNCs?

A:

19.When comparing the negotiating styles and strategies of French versus Spanish negotiators,

a number of sharp contrasts are evident. What are three of these, and what could MNCs do

to improve their position when negotiating with either group?

A:

20.In which of the four types of organizational cultures—family, Eiffel Tower, guided missile,

incubator—would most people in the United States feel comfortable? In which would most Japanese feel comfortable? Based on your answers, what conclusions could you draw regarding the importance of understanding organizational culture for international management?

A:

21.Most MNCs need not enter foreign markets to face the challenge of dealing with

multiculturalism. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your answer.

A:

22.What are some potential problems that must be overcome when using multicultural, diverse

teams in today’s organizations? What are some recognized advantages? Identify and discuss two of each.

A:

23.Why is nonverbal communication a barrier to effective communication?

A:

24.If a company new to the international arena was negotiating an agreement with a potential

partner in an overseas country, what basic steps should it be prepared to implement?

Identify and describe them.

A:

25.Which elements of the negotiation process should be done with only your group? Which

events should take place with all sides present? Why?

A:

26.Wilsten Inc. has been approached by a Japanese firm that wants exclusive production and

selling rights for one of Wilsten’s new high-tech products. What does Wilsten need to know about Japanese bargaining behaviors to strike the best possible deal with this company?

A:

27.Consider that both a retail chain and a manufacturing company want to expand overseas.

What environmental factors would have the most impact on these companies? What key factors of success differentiate the two?

A:

28.Anheuser-Busch is attempting to expand in India, where beer is not widely consumed and

liquor dominates the market. What areas should be targeted for strategic goals? What could be some marketing implications in the Indian market?

A:

29.What particular conditions that MNCs face in emerging markets may require specialized

strategies? What strategies might be most appropriate in response?

A:

30.One of the most common entry strategies for MNCs is the joint venture. Why are so many

companies opting for this strategy? Would a fully owned subsidiary be a better choice?

A:

31.A small manufacturing firm believes there is a market for handheld tools that are carefully

crafted for local markets. After spending two months in Europe, the president of this firm believes that his company can create a popular line of these tools. What type of organization structure would be of most value to this firm in its initial efforts to go international?

A:

32.If this same company finds after three years of international effort that it is selling 50 percent

of its output overseas, what type of organizational structure would you suggest for the future?

A:

33.In what way do the concepts of formalization, specialization, and centralization have an

impact on MNC organization structures?

A:

34.Most firms attempt to quantify their political risk, although they do not assign specific

weights to the respective criteria. Why is this approach so popular? Would the companies be better off assigning weights to each of the risks being assumed? Defend your answer.

A:

35.What are some of the challenges associated with managing alliances? How do host

governments affect these?

A:

36.Which cultures would be more likely to focus on external controls? Which cultures would

consider direct controls to be more important than indirect controls?

A:

37.How woul d you explain a company’s decision to employ centralized decision-making

processes and decentralized control processes, considering the two are so interconnected?

Provide an industry example of where this may occur.

A:

Case Analysis (10 points for each)

1.FRANCHISE OPPORTUNITIES AT M c DONALD’S

One of the best-known franchise operations in the world is McDonald’s, and in recent years, the company has been working to expand its international presence. Why?

Begin by perusing the latest annual report, and see how well the company is doing both domestically and internationally. Then, turn to the franchise information that is provided, and find out how much it would cost to set up a franchise in the following countries: Belgium, Brazil,

South Korea, Mexico, Slovenia, and Turkey.

Then, based on this assignment and the chapter material, answer these last three questions:

(1)Will the fact that the euro has become the standard currency in the EU help or hinder a

new McDonald’s franchisee in Europe?

(2)If there are excit ing worldwide opportunities, why does McDonald’s not exploit these

itself instead of looking for franchisees?

(3)What is the logic in McDonald’s expansion strategy?

2.Here Comes the Competition

You Be the International Management Consultant

The Wadson Company is a management research firm. It was recently hired by a large conglomerate with a wide range of products, from toys to electronics to financial services. This conglomerate wants Wadson to help identify an acquisition target. The conglomerate is willing to spend up to $2.5 billion to buy a major company anywhere in the world.

One of the things the research firm did was to identify the amount of foreign direct investment in the United States by overseas companies. The research group also compiled a list of major acquisitions by non-U.S. companies. It gathered these data to show the conglomerate the types of industries and companies that are currently attractive to the international buyers. “If we know what outside firms are buying,” the head of the research firm noted, “this can help us identify similar overseas businesses that may also have strong growth potential. In this way, we will not confine our list of recommendations to U.S. firms only.” In terms of direct foreign investment by industry, the researchers found that the greatest investment was being made in manufacturing (almost $100 billion). Then, in descending order, came wholesale trade, petroleum, real estate, and insurance.

On the basis of this information, the conglomerate has decided to purchase a European firm. “The best acquisitions in the United States have already been picked,” the president told the board of directors. “However, I’m convinced that there are highly profitable enterprises in Europe that are ripe for the taking. I’d particularly like to focus my attention on the UK and Germany.” The board gave the president its full support, and the research firm will begin focusing on potential European targets within the next 30 days.

Questions

(1)Is Europe likely to be a good area for direct investment during the years ahead?

(2)Why is so much foreign money being invested in U.S. manufacturing?

(3)If the conglomerate currently does not do business in Europe, what types of problems is

it likely to face?

3. A Jumping-Off Place

A successful, medium-sized U.S. manufacturing firm in Ohio has decided to open a plant near Madrid, Spain. The company was attracted to this location for three reasons. First, the firm’s current licensing agreement with a German firm is scheduled to come to an end within six months, and the U.S. manufacturer feels that it can do a better job of building and selling heavy machinery in the EU than the German firm. Second, the U.S. manufacturer invested almost $300 million in R&D over the last three years. The result is a host of new patents and other technological breakthroughs that now make this company a worldwide leader in the production

of specialized heavy equipment. Third, labor costs in Spain are lower than in most other EU countries, and the company feels that this will prove extremely helpful in its efforts to capture market share in greater Europe.

Because this is the manufacturer’s first direct venture into the EU, it has decided to take on a Spanish partner. The latter will provide much of the on-site support, such as local contracts, personnel hiring, legal assistance, and governmental negotiations. In turn, the U.S. manufacturer will provide the capital for renovating the manufacturing plant, the R&D technology, and the technical training.

If the venture works out as planned, the partners will expand operations into Italy and use this location as a jumping-off point for tapping the Central and Eastern European markets. Additionally, because the cultures of Spain and Italy are similar, the U.S. manufacturer feels that staying within the Latin European cultural cluster can be synergistic. Plans for later in the decade call for establishing operations in northern France, which will serve as a jumping-off point for both Northern Europe and other major EU countries, such as Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium. However, the company first wants to establish a foothold in Spain and get this operation working successfully; then it will look into expansion plans.

Questions

(1)In what way will the culture of Spain be different from that of the United States?

(2)If the company expands operations into Italy, will its experience in Spain be valuable, or

will the culture be so different that the manufacturer will have to begin anew in determining how to address cultural challenges and opportunities? Explain.

(3)If the firm expands into France, will its previous experiences in Spain and Italy be

valuable in helping the company address cultural challenges?

4.Beijing, Here We Come!

A large toy company located in Canada is considering a business arrangement with the government of China (PRC). Although company representatives have not yet visited the PRC, the president of the firm recently met with their representatives in Ottawa and discussed the business proposition. The Canadian CEO learned that the PRC government would be quite happy to study the proposal, and the company’s plan would be given a final decision within 90 days of receipt. The toy company now is putting together a detailed proposal and scheduling an on-site visit.

The Canadian firm would like to have the mainland Chinese manufacture a wide variety of toys for sale in Asia as well as in Europe and North America. Production of these toys requires a large amount of labor time, and because the PRC is reputed to have one of the largest and least expensive workforces in the world, the company believes that it can maximize profit by having the work done there. For the past five years, the company has had its toys produced in Taiwan. Costs there have been escalating recently, however, and because 45 percent of the production expense goes for labor, the company is convinced that it will soon be priced out of the market if it does not find another source.

The company president and three officers plan on going to Beijing next month to talk with government officials. They would like to sign a five-year agreement with a price that will not increase by more than 2 percent annually. Production operations then will be turned over to the mainland Chinese, who will have a free hand in manufacturing the goods.

The contract with the Taiwanese firm runs out in 90 days. The company already has contacted this firm, and the latter understands that its Canadian partner plans to terminate the arrangement. One major problem is that if it cannot find another supplier soon, it will have to go back to the Taiwanese firm for at least two more years. The contract stipulates that the agreement can be extended for another 24 months if the Canadian firm makes such a request; however, this must be done within 30 days of expiration of the contract. This is not an alternative that appeals to the Canadians, but they feel they will have to take it if they cannot reach an agreement with the mainland Chinese.

Questions

(1)What is the likelihood that the Canadians will be able to reach an agreement with the

mainland Chinese and not have to go back to their Taiwanese supplier? Explain.

(2)Are the Canadians making a strategically wise decision in letting the Chinese from the

PRC handle all the manufacturing, or should they insist on getting more actively involved in the production process? Defend your answer.

(3)What specific cultural suggestions would you make to the Canadians regarding how to

do business with the mainland Chinese?

5. A Good-Faith Effort Is Needed

Excelsior Manufacturing is a medium-sized firm located in the northeastern part of the United States. Excelsior has long been known as a high-quality, world-class producer of precision tools. Recently, however, this MNC has been slowly losing market share in Europe because many EU companies are turning to other European firms to save on taxes and transportation costs. Realizing that it needed a European partner if it hoped to recapture this lost ground, Excelsior began looking to buy a firm that could provide it with a strong foothold in this market. After a brief search, the MNC made contact with Quality Instrumentation, a Madrid-based firm that was founded five years ago and has been growing at 25 percent annually. Excelsior currently is discussing a buyout with Quality Instrumentation, and the Spanish firm appears to be interested in the arrangement as it will provide it with increased technology, a quality reputation, and more funding for European expansion.

Next week, owners of the two companies are scheduled to meet in Madrid to discuss purchase price and potential plans for integrating their overall operations. The biggest sticking point appears to be a concern for meshing the organizational cultures and the work values and habits of the two ente rprises. Each is afraid that the other’s way of doing business might impede overall progress and lead to wasted productivity and lost profit. To deal with this issue, the president of Excelsior has asked his management team to draft a plan that could serve as a guide in determining how both groups could coordinate their efforts.

On a personal level, the head of Excelsior believes that it will be important for the Spanish management team to understand that if the Spaniards sell the business, they must be prepared to let U.S. managers have final decision making power on major issues, such as research and development efforts, expansion plans, and customer segmentation. At the same time, the Americans are concerned that their potential European partners will feel they are being told what to do and resist these efforts. “We’re going to have to make them understand that we must work as a unified team,” the president explained to his planning committee, “and create a culture that will support this idea. We may not know a lot about working with Spaniards, and they may not

understand a great deal about how Americans do things, but I believe that we can resolve these differences if we put forth a good-faith effort.”

Questions

(1)What do you think some of the main organizational culture differences between the two

companies would be?

(2)Why might the cultural diversity in the Spanish firm not be as great as that in the U.S.

firm, and what potential problems could this create?

(3)What would you recommend be done to effectively merge the two organizational

cultures and ensure they cooperate harmoniously? Offer some specific recommendations.

6.Foreign or Domestic?

Connie Hatley is a very successful businesswoman who has holdings in a wide variety of industries. Hatley recently was approached by one of the Big Three automakers and offered a multidealership arrangement. Hatley has been seriously considering the offer, although she now has a competitive alternative.

A South Korean auto manufacturer has approached Hatley and offered her the same basic deal. The Korean manufacturer presented her with some interesting auto sales data: (1) Between 1981 and 2001, the South Korean share of the U.S. auto market went from 0 to over 3 percent. (2) South Korean automakers are capturing market share in the United States at a faster rate than any other competitor. (3) New technology is being incorporated into these Korean-built cars at an unprecedented rate, and the quality is among the highest in the industry. (4) Although the Big Three (GM, Ford, and DaimlerChrysler) hold a large share of the U.S. auto market, their market share among those 45 years of age or younger is declining and being captured by foreign competitors. (5) The South Korean firm intends to increase its share of the U.S. market by 20 percent annually.

Hatley is very impressed with these data and forecasts. Recently, however, the Korean auto company’s sales and market share have been declining, and she remains uneasy about having to dea l with someone located halfway around the world. “If I don’t receive scheduled deliveries, whom do I call?” she asked one of her vice presidents.

“Also, we don’t speak their language. If there is a major problem, how are we going to really communicate wit h each other? I like the proposal, and I’d take it if I were sure that we wouldn’t have communication problems. if the South Koreans are right in their long-range forecasts and I have no major problems dealing with them, my return on investment is going to be almost 50 percent higher than it will be with the U.S. manufacturer.”

Questions

(1)What specific types of communication problems might Hatley encounter in dealing with

the South Koreans?

(2)Can these communication problems be resolved, or are they insurmountable and will

simply have to be tolerated?

(3)Based on communication problems alone, should Hatley back away from the deal or

proceed? Give your recommendation; then defend it.

7.Go East, Young People, Go East

Amanda Brendhart, Jose Gutierrez, and Rhoda Schreiber founded and are partners in a small electronics firm, Electronic Visions, which has developed and patented some state of-the-art computer components. Visions have had moderate success selling these components to large U.S.-based computer manufacturers. The biggest problem is that in recent months, the computer market has begun to turn soft, and many of the manufacturers are offering substantial discounts to generate sales. Therefore, although Visions has found an increasing demand for its product, it now is grossing less money than it was several months ago.

To increase both sales and profit, the partners have decided to expand into Asia. Although this region is known for its low-cost computer production, the group believes that countries such as China, Malaysia, and Thailand soon will become more lucrative markets, because the U.S. government will make these countries open their doors to imports more fully. If trade barriers are removed, the partners are convinced that they can export the goods at very competitive prices. In addition, the partners intend to find a partner in each market so that they have someone to help with the marketing and financing of the product. Of course, if the components can be produced more cheaply with local labor, the partnership is willing to forgo exporting and have everything produced locally.

At present, the group is trying to answer three questions. First, what is the best entry strategy to use in reaching the Asian markets? Second, what type of marketing strategy will be most effective? Third, if production must be coordinated between the United States and an overseas country, what is the best way to handle this? The partners believe that over the next two months, they will have a very good idea of what is going to happen regarding the opening of Asian markets. In the interim, they intend to work up a preliminary strategic plan that they can use to guide them. Questions

(1)What type of entry and ownership approach would you recommend? Defend your

choice.

(2)How could the partners use the four Ps of marketing to help implement strategy?

(3)If production must be globally coordinated, will Visions have a major problem? Why or

why not?

8.Getting In on the Ground Floor

The EU currently is developing a strategy that will help member countries beat back the threat of U.S. and Asian competition and develop a strong technological base for new product development. European multinational firms currently are strong in a number of different areas. For example, Germany’s Hoechst and BASF and Switzerland’s Sandoz and Hoffman-LaRoche are major companies in chemicals and pharmaceutics. Philips of the Netherlands invented compact discs and is dominant in the television market. Many strong European-based MNCs could provide a solid base for the EU to defend itself from outside economic invasion.

Ruehter Laboratories, a high-tech R&D firm located in New Jersey, holds a number of important pharmaceutical patents and would like to expand its operation worldwide. The company is considering buying a small but highly profitable Dutch insulin maker. “This acquisition will help us enter the European market by getting in on the ground floor,” noted the president. Although the Dutch firm is quite small, it has strong R&D prowess and likely will play a major role in biotechnology research during the years ahead. Ruehter has talked to the Dutch firm, and the two have arrived at a mutually acceptable selling price. While waiting for the lawyers to work

out the final arrangements, Ruehter intends to reorganize its overall operations so that the home-office management can work more closely with its new Dutch subsidiary. There are two areas that Ruehter intends to address in its reorganization efforts: (1) how the subsidiary will be structurally integrated into the current organization and (2) whether there can be any joint R&D efforts between the two groups.

Questions

(1)What type of organization design would you recommend that Ruehter use?

(2)If there were joint R&D efforts, would this be a problem?

9.Rushing into Russia

As Russia continues to succeed with a decentralized economy and foreign investors flood in, a Chicago, Illinois–based computer chip manufacturer decides that it may be time to expand operations overseas. The company has a series of patents that provide legal protection and allow it to dominate a small but growing segment of the computer market. Its sales estimates reached $147 million within three years, but it believes that this could rise to $200 million if it was to expand internationally. Adam Smith, CEO of the company, had previously considered China and India for their cheap labor, but decided that their rapid growth and intense international interest would just lead to a higher bidding price. Furthermore, there are far fewer direct competitors expanding in Russia, whereas technological parts and services industries are already pervasive in other emerging countries. Adam recalls a time when Russia experienced high human trafficking, corruption, and general political instability, but he believes that with so much international interest in Russia, these issues must be curbed by this point in time.

Adam is confident that a deal will be accepted by Russia as it continues to welcome foreign investment to maintain economic growth. A state-of-the-art plant could help to reduce unemployment further and provide an inflow of needed capital. However, the banker is concerned that because of the political risks and uncertainty in Eastern Europe in general and Russia in particular, the company may either lose its investment through government expropriation or find itself unable to get profits out of the country. Given that the company will have to invest approximately $20 million, the venture could seriously endanger the company’s financial status.

Adam understands these risks but believes that with the help of an international management consultant, he can identify and minimize the problems. “I’m determined to push ahead,” he told the banker, “and if there is a good chance of making this project a success, I’m going to Russia.” Questions

(1)What are some of the political risks that Adam’s firm will face if he decides to go ahead

with this venture? Identify and describe two or three.

(2)In his negotiations with the Russian government, what suggestions or guidelines would

you offer to Adam? Identify and describe two or three.

10.Expansion Plans

Kranden & Associates is a very successful porcelain manufacturing firm based in San Diego. The company has six world-renowned artists who design fine-crafted porcelain statues and plates that are widely regarded as collectibles. Each year, the company offers a limited edition of new statues and plates. Last year, the company made 30 new offerings. On average, 2,500 items of

each line are produced, and they usually are sold within six months. The company does not produce more than this number to avoid reducing the value of the line to collectors; however, the firm does believe that additional statues and plates could be sold in some areas of the world without affecting the price in North America. In particular, the firm is thinking about setting up production facilities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Paris, France.

The production process requires skilled personnel, but there are people in both Rio de Janeiro and Paris who can do this work. The basic methods can be taught to these people by trainers from the U.S. plant, because the production process will be identical.

The company intends to send three managers to each of its overseas units to handle setup operations and get the production process off the ground. This should take 12 to 18 months. Once this is done, one person will be left in charge, and the other two will return home. The company believes that it will be able to sell just as much of the product line in Europe as it does in the United States. The South American market is estimated to be one-half that of the United States. Over the last five years, Kranden has had a return on investment of 55 percent. The company charges premium prices for its porcelain but still has strong demand for its products because of the high regard collectors and investors have for the Kranden line. The quality of its statues and plates is highly regarded, and the firm has won three national and two international awards for creativity and quality in design and production over the past 18 months. Over the last 10 years, the firm has won 17 such awards.

Questions

(1)In managing its international operations, should the firm use centralized or

decentralized decision making?

(2)Would direct or indirect controls be preferable in managing these operations?

(3)What kinds of performance measures should the company use in controlling these

international operations?

管理信息系统习题及答案

一、单项选择题 1.关于信息的定义,“信息是用以消除不确定性的东西”的说法出自( ) A.西蒙 B.香农 C.《国家经济信息系统设计与应用标准规范》 D.Gordon 2.战略信息主要用于确立企业_______的目标。( ) A.战术 B.利润 C.组织 D.财务 3.战略计划子系统是供_______使用的系统。( ) A.计算机操作人员 B.信息处理人员 C.高层决策者 D.中层管理者 4.管理层次中,主要职能是根据组织内外的全面情况,分析和制定该组织长远目标及政策的是( ) A.高层管理 B.中层管理 C.基层管理 D.职能层管理 5.BPR的特点有( ) A.根本性的 B.彻底的 C.巨大的 D.以上均对 6.大规模集成电路的出现是在计算机硬件发展的( ) A.第二代 B.第三代 C.第四代 D.第五代 7.网络互联设备中,具有流量控制功能的是( ) A.网桥 B.路由器 C.中继器 D.集成 8.关于DB、DBS和DBMS的关系说法正确的是( ) A.DB包括DBMS、DBS B.DBS包括DB、DBMS C.DBMS包括DBS、DB D.三者平行 9.Access中,共享数据功能不包括( ) A.数据的导人 B.导出 C.分析 D.链接

10. Access中,选择了“实施参照完整性”复选框,同时又选择了“级联删除相关记录”,则在删除主表中的记录时,相关表中的相关信息( ) A.自动删除 B.条件删除 C.没有变化 D.完全更新 一、1. B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.A 16.下列不属于物理配置方案设计的依据的是( ) A.系统吞吐量 B.系统响应时间 C.系统处理方式 D.系统的输出方式 17.下列不属于系统转换方式的是( ) A.直接转换 B.并行转换 C.垂直转换 D.分段转换 18.对项目的正向风险不应采取的策略是( ) A.开拓 B.自留 C.分享 D.强化 19.下列可以放大增强信号的网络互联设备是( ) A.中继器 B.集线器 C.网桥 D.路由器 20.数据字典中数据存储的条目主要描述该数据存储的( ) A.结构 B.有关的数据流 C.查询要求 D.以上均对 参考答案:16.D 17.C 18.B 19. A 20. D 二、填空题 21.事实上,信息系统是一个集技术、_______、社会组成为一体的结合物。 22.管理信息系统一般被看作一个金字塔形的结构,共分为_______个层次。 23.管理的核心是_______。 24.企业竞争战略内容一般由____、竞争对象、_______三个方面构成。

管理信息系统习题(1)

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