2017-2018学年度第一学期人教版新目标九年级英语第六单元语法被动语态的用法及练习

一．什么是被动语态？

英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“His bicycle was stolen.他的自行车被偷了。”，“The building has been built in 2000.这座楼房是由他们建造的。”

二．被动语态的构成是：be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者)

三．被动语态的运用：什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况：

（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：

Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。）

The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。）

He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。）

Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。）

（2）需要强调动作的对象时。例如：

Calculator can't be used in the maths exam. （计算器不能用于数学考试。）

Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。）

He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。）

（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。）

四．各种时态的被动语态举例

一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：

1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned every day.

This car is made in China.

2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词

His desk was cleaned just now.

The station was built in 1928.

3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词

A new factory is being built in our city now.

Some trees are being cut down in the park.

4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词

A new factory was being built in our city at that time.

Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.

5、一般将来时的被动语态:

(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词

(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.

Some new factories will be built in our city this year.

Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.

6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词

(2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.

She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.

He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.

7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词

Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.

Your watch has been mended already.

8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词

He said that some new factories had been built in the city.

I didn’t know that my watch had been mended.

9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done

例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.

五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态

1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.

主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.

被动语态：英语被说。English is spoken in many countries..

例2. 主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.

被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.

2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。

例1. 主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.

被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.

例2. 主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.

被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.

例3. 主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.

被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.

被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.

六、练习

1.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting.

(提示) the problem -be - discuss

2.Has anybody fed the birds?

(提示) Has anybody - be - feed

3.People will never forget the accident.

(提示) the accident - will be - forget

4.They are repairing the car in the garage.

(提示) the car - be being - repair

5.Someone must have turned on the light without your notice.

(提示) the light - must have - be - turn on

6.They have found ways to make waste water clean.

7.Someone must take care of the children when we go out.

8.They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.

9.You may write this letter in pencil.

10.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.

被动语态复习ABC

A．熟记结构

被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：

一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．

一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．

一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋p．p．

现在完成时：have ／has been ＋p．p．

现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．

过去将来时：should ／would be ＋p．p．

含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：

① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people．

A．speak B．is speaking C．speaks D．is spoken

② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school．

A．were told B．is telling C．was told D．tells

③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China．

A．must B．must be C．has D．have

B．明确用法

被动语态常用于以下两种情况：

1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；

2．强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。The tree ______ ______ by that boy．

C．熟练转换

1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：

①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；

②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；

（有时by短语可以省略）。

③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。

2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：① You must throw the broken pottery away at once．

The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同义句）

② Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）Where ______ vegetables ______ ？（填were；grown）D．注意特例

将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：

1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：

①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；

②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：

① He told us a story．（变被动语态）→We were told a story（by him）．或：A story was told to us by him．

② Her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态）A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother．

2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library．

A．take away B．taken away C．are taken away D．be taken away

② She will take good care of the children．（变被动语态）

The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）．

3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：

Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动）

He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．

4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be ＋过去分词”。例如：

The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city．

A．be building B．build C．be built D．built

5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：

Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态）→By whom has the cup been broken？

E．注意区别

被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：

1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：

The window is broken．窗子破了。（系表结构）

The window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）

2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：

He was very interested in science．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）

I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）

F．牢记（相关）句型

初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：

1．be covered with被……覆盖

2．be made of由……制作（发生物理变化）

be made from由……制作（发生化学变化）

be made in由（某地）制造

be made by被（某人）制造

3．be used for被用来……

be used as被当作（作为）……来使用

be used to do sth．被用来做某事

4．It is said that．．．据说……

It is hoped that．．．希望……

It is well known that．．．众所周知……例如：

①—Your coat looks nice．Is it ______ cotton？—Yes．It's Shanghai．

A．made of；made by B．made of；made in C．made for；made by D．made for；made in

② This machine is used ______ the room wet．

A．for keeping B．as keeping C．keep D．to keeping

③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。

______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing．

被动语态练习题

一．选择填空

1. In some countries, tea ______ with milk and sugar.

A. is serving

B. is served

C. serves

D. served

2. Great changes _____ in my hometown since 1980.

A. have been taken place

B. took place

C. have taken place

D. were taken place

3. The new type of car is going to ______ in three years.

A. turn out

B. be turned out

C. has turned out

D. have been turned out

4. The woman murdered her friend and ______ to ______.

A. was sentenced, death

B. sentencing, die

C. sentenced, death

D. sentenced, die

5. －Do you like the skirt ? －It _______ soft.

A. is feeling

B. felt

C. feels

D. is felt

6. Are you still here? You were here an hour ago. Who ________ for?

A. are you waiting

B. did you wait

C. were you waiting

D. do you wait

7. _____ to know Professor Zhang.

A. He said

B. I said

C. He is said

D. It says

8. －I want to sit at the table near the window. －Sorry , ______ already.

A. it took

B. it takes

C. it is taking

D. it has been taken

9. The letter _______ three days ago and it ______ yesterday.

A. had post, had arrived

B. was posted, arrived

C. posted, arrived

D. had been posted, was arrived

10. He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday.

A. is given

B. will be given

C. would have given

D. would be given

11. Water ______ into ice.

A. will changed

B. must be changed

C. should change

D. can be changed

12. Plays ______ twice a month in that theatre.

A. put on

B. are put on

C. was put on

D. often put on

13. The birds _______ fly away last Saturday.

A. let to

B. is let to

C. was let

D. were let to

14. A strange sound ______ yesterday evening.

A. was heard

B. hears

C. heard

D. is heard

15. A beautiful bike _______ him by his classmates.

A. sent to

B. will sent to

C. was sent to

D. will be sent for

16. Miss Chen ______ just ______ to speak at the meeting.

A. has …been asked

B. has been …asked

C. Have been … asked

D. have …been asked

17. Meat _______ out in this shop. We can _________ now.

A. have been sold, get nothing

B. has been sold, get nothing

C. has been sold, get some

D. have been sold, get some

18. The new play _______ in theatre now. Why don’t you go in and see it?

A. is being shown

B. is showing

C. is shown

D. shows

19. Can you tell _______ ?

A. when did it happen

B. when was it happened

C. when it happened

D. when it was happened

20. ______ the job ______ by Lucy or by John? Tell me the truth , please.

A. Has … finished

B. Has …being finished

C. Is …finish

D. Has …been finish ed

21. Millions of trees _____ around our city every year. Our environment is getting better.

A. are planting

B. were planted

C. planted

D. are planted

22. —Won’t you go to the dinner tonight?—I will if I _____.

A. will be invited

B. have invited

C. am inviting

D. am invited

23. Last year, Li Hua, a college student, ____ to work for the Olympic Games.

A. is choosing

B. is chosen

C. was choosing

D. was chosen

24. —Where _____ the 2010 World Expo (世博会) ______?—In Shanghai.

A. does ... hold

B. is ... held

C. will ... be held

D. will ... hold

25. It is reported that the Underground Line No. 3 _____ in our city in 2010.

A. will build

B. has built

C. will be built

D. has been built

26. —There is a lot of wind in North China.—Well. More trees ____ every year to stop the wind.

A. must be planted

B. can planted

C. should planted

27. Attention, please! All the phones must ______ before the meeting starts.

A. turn off

B. be turned off

C. be turning off

28. —Mary was heard ___ just now. What happened?—John was telling a joke.

A. cry

B. to cry

C. laugh

D. to laugh

29. Betty is often seen ______ the old man with his housework.

A. help

B. to help

C. helped

D. helps

30. The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.

found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found

二. 用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空

1. When _____ the first man-made satellite _______ (send) up into space ?

2. Last year vegetables ____ (grow)in the garden by Tom and he _____ (sell)them himself.

3. She ______ (help) him with his homework tomorrow evening.

4. How many magazines ______ (can borrow) in your library every week ?

5. John ______ (hear) to go upstairs two hours ago.

6. －Who ______ (save)her father ? －He ______ (save)by that policeman.

7. The doctor ______ (send for) because his grandpa was ill.

8. Mooncakes ______ (make) by his mother every year. ______ your mother _____ (make) mooncakes for you every

year ?

9. Some toys ______ (buy) as a presents for these children last Monday.

10. _____ paper ______ (make) of wood ?

11. Many spaceships _____(send) to explore other planets in the solar system a few years ago.

三. 用所给单词完成句子

1. (the office / clean / yesterday) The office was cleaned yesterday.

2. (the house / paint / last month)The house _______________________

3. (three people / injure / in the accident)_________________________

4. (my bicycle / steal / a few days ago)_________________________

5. (when / this bridge / build?)_________________________

6. (you / invite / to the party last week?)_________________________

7. (how / these windows / break?)_________________________

8. (I / not / wake up / by the noise) _________________________

四. Correct these sentences. (改正下列句子)

1. This house built 100 years ago. This house was built

2. Football plays in most countries of the world. ___________________

3. Why did the letter send to the wrong address? ___________________

4. A garage is a place where cars repair. ____________________

5. Where are you born? ____________________

6. How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? _______________

7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen. _______________

8. When was invented the bicycle? ____________________

五. 填空(完成被动语态填空)

1. They often clean their classroom after school. (改为被动语态)

Their classroom _____often ______ by them after school.

2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week. (同上)

A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week.

3. A lot of people in China can speak English now. (同上)

English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of people in China now.

4. I have learned English for about two years. (同上)

English ______ ______ ______ for about two years.

5. They will publish these story-books next month. (同上)

These story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.

人教新目标七年级英语上册电子课本

Unit 1 My name’s Gina. Language Goals: Introduce yourself；Greet people；Ask for and give telephone number 语言目标：介绍自己；问候他人；询问和告知电话号码 1a Write English words for the things in the picture. 写出图中物品的英文名称。 _____map________ 1b Listen and number the conversations［1-3］.听录音，为对话编号。 □A: What’s your name? □A: Good morning! □A: Hi. My name’s Gina. B: Alan. B: I’m Cindy. B: I’m Jenny. Nice to meet you! A: Hello, Alan. I’m Ms Brown. B: Hello, Cindy. I’m Dale. A: Nice to meet you, too. A: Nice to meet you! 1c Practice the conversations above with your partner. Then greet your classmates.练习上面的对话，然后问候你的同学。

2a Listen to the conversations and number the pictures [1—4]. 听对话，为图片编号。 2b Listen again. Circle the names you hear. 再听一遍录音，圈出你听到的名字。 Eric Tom Alice Bob Mike Jack Mary Ms. Miller 2c Practice the conversations in pairs. 两人一组练习下面的对话。 A: Hello! What’s your name A:What’s his name? B: My name’s… B:His name is… A: I’m…A: And what’s her name? B: Nice to meet you! B: Her nam e is… 2d Role play the conversation. 分角色表演对话 Linda: Good afternoon! My name’s Linda. Are you Helen? Helen: Yes, I am. Nice to meet you, Linda. Linda: Nice to meet you, too. What’s her name? Helen: She’s Jane. Linda: Is he Jack? Helen: No, he isn’t.His name’s Mike.

人教版新目标英语七年级上册同步阅读

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C. Sorry, I don't know. Unit 2 Is this your pencil? 同步阅读读对话，选择正确的答案。 A: What's that over there? B: Where? A: Over there, on the floor under the desk. B: Let's go and see. Oh, it's a new watch. It looks like yours. A: Is it a black one? My watch is black. B: No, it's a white one. A: I know. It's Jim's. Jim can't find his watch. B: Let's go and ask him. Hi, Jim. What's the time? C: Sorry, I can't find my watch. B: Is your watch a white one like this? C: Let me see. Yes, it's mine. B: Here you are. C: Thank you very much. B: That's all right. 1. --- What's that on the floor? --- . A. A new watch B. A black one C. A white one D. A bag 2. --- Whose watch is it?

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六年级英语语法知识汇总（小升初必备） 一、词类： 1、动词：行为动词、be动词、情态动词。 （1）行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下： （2）be动词a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。 b、肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、一般疑问句Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。 was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。 （3）情态动词can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响） 2、名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was。 如何加后缀： a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives e．不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 3、形容词（包括副词） 形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。 形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。 未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。 两个重要特征：as……as中间一定用原形，有than的时候一定+er。 人称代词： 有主格和宾格之分。 一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。 物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词（短的）和名词性物主代词（长的） 一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词（短的）；如无，就用名词性物主代词（长的）。 5、数量词 我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the。 6、冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母aeiou）前，a用于辅音音素前。 二、否定句： be动词（am、is、are、was、were）+not、情态动词（can、must、should）+ not、 助动词（do、does、did）+ not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句： 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。