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1、元音字母：A E I O U

2、可数名词

①可数名词变复数的规则变化。

a.一般加s.

b.以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加es。如：watch dish bus box。

c.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词改y为i再加es。如：family story 。

d.以f, fe结尾的名词改f, fe 为v再加es（除roof外，roof直接加s）。如：life leaf knife。

②名词变复数不规则变化。

foot——feet tooth——teeth man——men woman——women child——children mouse——mice Chinese（中国人）——Chinese Japanese（日本人）——Japanese

③man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时把a改为e.

④tomato, potato, hero（英雄）, negro（黑人）变复数时加es（黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆）。其他以o结尾的名词变复数时加s。

⑤trousers, glasses, clothes, shorts（短裤）只有复数形式，作主语时谓语用复数。

⑥people, police是单数形式的名词，但只能用作复数，作主语时谓语用复数。

3、常见不可数名词

water rice news tea salad hair juice meat beef pork milk coffee chicken（鸡肉）（作为小鸡讲时是可数名词）,表示语言的词都是不可数名词

4、特殊疑问词

Where(哪里), how（怎样）, how much（①多少钱，②多少，后接不可数名词）,

how many（多少，后接可数名词复数）, how long（①多长时间，②多长，问长度）, how old（问年龄）, how often（问频率）, how soon（多久，对in+一段时间提问）, what（什么）, what color （什么颜色）, what time（什么时候，问具体几点）,

why（为什么），when（什么时候），which（哪一个）what size （尺寸）

what kind of （什么种类）

特殊疑问句结构：

特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他？（对主语部分提问除外）

5、介词

in（①在…里面，②穿）, on（在…上面）, under（在…下面）, in front of（在…前面）behind（在…后面）, before（在…之前）, after（在…之后）, between（在两者之间）across from（在…对面）, next to（靠近）, near（在…附近）over（在…正上方）6、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词

①人称代词表示“某某”，主格作主语，说明谁做或谁是；宾格用在动词或介词后作宾语。

②物主代词表示“某某的”,形容词性物主代词（即形物）用在名词前作定语，名词性物主代词（即名物）后不能接名词。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。

③反身代词表示“某人自己”。

7、问年龄

How old are you? =What’s your age?

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