雅思作文 犯罪题材 Crime
9. 犯罪题材Crime
引言
青少年犯罪话题
是否应限制媒体中的犯罪细节
持续犯罪的原因以及解决途径
犯罪后应该被关进监狱还是应该进行社区服务
延长刑期是不是减低犯罪的最有效方法
对待犯罪分子，提高教育和工作的培训是不是比将他们送进监狱的更好办法
出现反社会的原因及解决方法
女性选择步入职场，没时间照看家庭是导致青少年犯罪的原因之一么
链接机经关键词
◎青少年犯罪的原因(the reasons for the growing number of juvenile delinquency)青少年犯罪成上升趋势(the increasing number of young offenders/ teenage criminals)
青少年走上犯罪的道路(embark on the criminal road)的原因是多种多样的(manifold)
其一是：例如在单亲家庭(single parent family)，缺乏家庭的关爱及正确的引导(lack of connectedness and lack of parental care)，甚至是有些家庭存在着家庭暴力(domestic violence/ family violence)，不要给孩子贴上消极意义的标签(label)
其二是：社会的原因(be led astray in the complicated society)
其三是：科技的原因，互联网和手机为犯罪提供了新的渠道(a new avenue for committing crimes)
其四是：学校的原因，学生承受的同伴带来的压力及学业压力、竞争压力(peer pressure and
study pressure, the heated competition)
其五是：媒体上包括电视、电影、广告等上面的暴力和血腥的场面(the violent scenes on the media，pornographic or vulgar forms of media)。
其六是：青少年犯罪心理(psychology of juvenile delinquency)
◎怎样尽量避免青少年犯罪
为了降低犯罪(crack down youth crime)，在解决减少犯罪方面共同努力(join hands in minimizing the rate of crime)：
教育起着不和或缺的作用(Education has an indispensable role to play)，对于家庭教育(parenting role)，家长要教孩子(respect others，observe the rules and regulations of school)，给孩子树立正确的人生观和世界观(world outlook and a set of decent values)。
学校应该丰富学生们的生活(enrich students’ life)，开设各种各样的活动(various activities)，培养友谊(build up friendship)，树立自信(confidence)和对未来的憧憬(aspiration for the future)。
一个重要的原因可以被归结为新的科技媒介上的信息泛滥(one the of most contributing factors of youth crime could be attributed to the wide access to the technological products like mobile phones and bloody contents on TV), 因此政府部门应该加强对媒体的监管(the supervision of the media)，媒体上的犯罪细节应该加以控制，因为年轻人的世界观和价值观在形成的过程中，有时缺乏辨别是非的能力(distinguish between the right and wrong)；
同时加强对网络游戏(computer games)和网吧(cyber café)的管理。
词汇部分
commit crimes 犯罪
【题干原句】Research suggests that the majority of criminals who were sent to prison would continue to commit crimes when set free.
criminal n.罪犯adj.刑事的，犯罪的，罪恶的
【经典搭配】criminal minds 犯罪心理
criminal motivation 犯罪动机
criminal record [法] 犯罪记录
【题干原句】Habitual criminals threaten the public security to a large degree.
惯犯从很大程度上威胁着公共安全。
crime details 犯罪细节
【题干原句】There are now detailed reports about crimes on TV and newspapers. Some people say that crime details should be restricted in the media.
【同义表达】youth crime 青少年犯罪
【经典搭配】prevention of juvenile delinquency 预防青少年违法犯罪
【题干原句】Many of the problems young people now experience, such as juvenile delinquency, arise from the fact that many married women now work and are not at home to care
for their children.
现在年轻人面临的像青少年犯罪等问题，是源自于许多已婚女性走进职场，无
法在家照看孩子。
crime rate 犯罪率
【题干原句】The best way to decrease the crime rate is to extend the period of sentence for criminals.
降低犯罪率最好的方法就是延长罪犯的刑期。
juvenile crime rate 青少年犯罪率
【同义表达】adolescent crime rate 青少年犯罪率
the rate of crime among youth 青少年犯罪率
the rate of youth crime 青少年犯罪率
【即学即用】Juvenile crime rate has aroused great concern in the society.
crime-ridden adj.犯罪猖獗的，充满犯罪行为的
【同义表达】full of crimes充满犯罪行为的
【即学即用】It is unfriendly, crime-ridden and filled with alcoholics and people who dump trash everywhere.
这是个很不好的地方，犯罪现象频繁，很多人醉酒，垃圾随意丢弃。
would-be criminals 潜在犯罪分子
【同义表达】would-be law offenders 潜在犯罪分子；potential criminals潜在犯罪分子
【即学即用】An ordinance that excludes offenders or would-be criminals in a zone of a city could shift the problem elsewhere.
将犯罪分子或潜在罪犯逐出某一城区的法令，会给其他地区带来问题。
career criminal 职业罪犯
【即学即用】Once the juveniles reach maturation, their socially unacceptable behavior has grown into a life style and they develop into career criminals.
一旦青年人长大后，对社会叛逆的行为就变成了他们的生活方式，进而发展
成为职业犯罪。
habitual criminal 【法律】惯犯，屡次犯罪被判刑者
【即学即用】Negative transformation leads to repeated crimes and eventually, the actor becomes
a habitual criminal.
负面的转化引发重复犯罪，行为人最后转变成惯犯。
offender n. 罪犯，冒犯者，违法者
【同义表达】violator n.违背者，违反者；law-breaker n.违法者
【经典搭配】juvenile offender 青少年罪犯
【即学即用】The compassionate judge gave the young offender a light sentence.
慈悲的法官从轻判处了那个年轻罪犯。
violator n. 违背者，违反者，妨碍者
【同义表达】law-breaker n.违法者；offender n. 罪犯，违法者
【经典搭配】violate the law 违反法律
【即学即用】If the violator causes any property losses or any other damages, the violator shall bear civil liabilities.
造成财产损失或者其他损害的，依法承担民事责任
law-breaker n. 违法者，犯法的人
【同源词汇】lawbreaking adj. 违反法律的n. 违反法律
【同义表达】violator n.违背者，违反者；offender n. 罪犯，违法者
【经典搭配】break the law 违反法律
【题干原句】Some people think lawbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities.
有些人认为违法者应该关进监狱，而另一些人认为他们应该进行社区服务。infraction n. 破坏，违犯，违背
【同义表达】delinquency n.行为不良，违法犯罪；offense n.犯罪，过错
【经典搭配】infraction of law 违法
infraction of regulations 违反规则
【即学即用】Juveniles, like adults, can be charge with a felony, a misdemeanor, or an infraction.
青少年和成年人一样，被指控为重罪、行为不端或违反。
moral panics 道德恐慌
【即学即用】The level and types of youth crime can be used by commentators as an indicator of the general state of morality and law and order in a country, and consequently
youth crime can be the source of ‘moral panics’
评论家们把少年犯罪的层次和类型作为国家道德、法律和秩序的一项总体指标，
因此青少年犯罪造成了道德恐慌。
truant n.旷课者，懒惰的人adj.旷课的，偷懒的vi.逃学，偷懒
【经典搭配】play truant 逃学
【即学即用】Children who perform poorly at school are also more likely to truant, which is also linked to offending.
在学校成绩差的孩子们更加容易逃学，这也和犯罪有关联。
worthlessness n. 无价值
【同源词汇】worth adj. 值得……的；有……价值的；worthless adj.无价值的；worthy adj.值得的，有价值的
【即学即用】The inability to complete assignments and getting bad grades may create self-esteem problems, feelings of alienation or worthlessness.
完不成作业、学习成绩不好就会导致自尊心问题，感觉被疏远或是自己毫无价值。conduct disorder 品行障碍，行为失常
【即学即用】The aggressive boys had been given a diagnosis of aggressive conduct disorder and had been in trouble for starting fights, using a weapon and stealing from their
victims.
这些具有攻击性的男孩已经被诊断为攻击性行为障碍，并且开始制造打架、
使用武器和盗窃等麻烦。
show disregard for 不尊重
【同义表达】show disrespect for 不尊重
【即学即用】Juvenile delinquents show a continuous disregard for their own and others’ safety and property.
少年犯对自己和别人的财产和安全都表示出不尊重。
anti-social personality【心理学】反社会人格
【即学即用】In all abnormal personalities, crimes caused by anti-social personality are the most.
在所有的不正常人格中，反社会人格引起的违法犯罪行为最多。
label as 将……称作，把……说成是
【经典搭配】be labeled as 将……称作
【即学即用】According to the labeling theory, once a person is labelled, he will become such a kind of person as the label describes.
标签理论认为，人一旦被贴上某种标签，就会成为标签所标定的那种人。
【同义表达】primary cause 主要原因
【经典搭配】touch the root cause 触及根本原因
potential causes and root cause 潜在原因和根本原因
【即学即用】The root causes of crime are many and diverse. Any hope of addressing those causes successfully requires multi-faceted strategies, which can be implemented by
neighborhoods, communities and various levels of government.
犯罪的根本原因是多重的。成功解决问题的希望在于采取多种策略，需要社区、
及各级政府的共同努力。
direct cause 直接原因
【考官例句】It is certainly true that the position of women in society has undergone a dramatic
change in the past twenty years but I do not feel that this is a direct cause of the
indisputable increase in juvenile-related problems during this period.
过去二十年间，女性的地位确实是发生了很大的变化，但是我不认为它是这期
间导致与青少年相关问题的原因。
【句架提炼】It is certainly true that…确实是……
be a direct cause of………的直接原因
be vulnerable to易受……的攻击，易受……的侵害
【即学即用】Most parents worry about that their children are vulnerable to the harmful impact in society.
propensity n.倾向，习性，癖好，偏爱
【经典搭配】propensity to consume 消费倾向
propensity to invest 投资倾向
have a propensity for sth. 有……的倾向
【即学即用】These juvenile offenders are in need of treatment because they have a negative disposition and high propensity to continue committing crime.
少年犯需要救治，因为他们性情消极，有极大可能继续犯罪。
deviant adj. 不正常的，离经叛道的n. 不正常者，偏常者
【同义表达】divergent adj.相异的，分歧的；aberrant adj.脱离常轨的
【经典搭配】deviant behavior 异常行为，越轨行为
【即学即用】Once labelled as deviant, a young person may accept that role, and be more likely to associate with others who have been similarly labelled.
一旦年轻人被贴上行为异常的标签，他就会接受这个定位，也就更容易和那些
相似的人混在一起。
problematic adj.成问题的，有疑问的
【经典搭配】problematic behavior 有问题的行为
problematic issues 棘手问题
【即学即用】Failure to develop communication skills may lead to more problematic behavior, such as truancy, running away from home, or more serious acts, such as vandalism,
petty theft or violence.
没能养成良好的沟通技巧会导致很多的有问题的行为，如逃学、离家出走，或
resist the temptation 抵制诱惑，抵挡住诱惑
【经典搭配】resist the temptation of 抵住……的诱惑
【即学即用】Few people can resist the temptation of drugs.
很少人能抵挡住毒品的诱惑。
distinguish between (among) 区别，分辨
【同义表达】distinguish right from wrong 辨别是非
【经典搭配】distinguish between right and wrong 辨别是非
distinguish between fantasy and reality 明辨虚幻与现实
【即学即用】For young people who are addicted to the computer games, it is rather difficult to distinguish between fantasy and reality.
对于沉迷于网络游戏的年轻人来说，很难明辨虚幻与现实。
breeding ground（某种活动、思想等产生的）温床，发源地
【即学即用】The district was a breeding ground for vice.
那地区是罪恶的滋生地。
community service社区服务
【经典搭配】community nursing service 社区护理服务
【即学即用】Prisoners can be put to work in community service projects, which can provide the prisoners with valuable training, develop the sense of social responsibility.
可以让囚犯进行社区服务，这样可以对他们进行有意义的培训，培养他们的社
会责任感。
penalty n.罚款，处罚
【同义表达】punishment n.惩罚；retribution n.报应，惩罚
【经典搭配】impose heavy penalty on 严惩
pay the penalty 遭受惩罚
the extreme penalty 死刑，极刑
under(或on)penalty of 受……的处罚
【即学即用】He will receive the penalty for own behavior.
他将为自己的所做所为受到惩罚。
punitive adj.处罚的，惩罚的
【经典搭配】punitive measure 惩罚措施
punitive sanction 惩罚性制裁
【即学即用】Precise details of how to enforce these punitive measures are still being worked out.
imprison vt. 关押，监禁
【同源词汇】imprisonment n.监禁，关押；imprisoned adj. 监禁的
【经典搭配】life imprisonment 终身监禁
【题干原句】Criminals are imprisoned, many argue think that education and job training should replace the former to deal with criminals.
release vt.释放，解放n. 释放
【同义表达】set free 释放
【经典搭配】be released from the prison 释放
be set free from the prison 被释放
release one’s frustrations 发泄不满情绪
release the news 发布新闻
on release （电影）在公映，发行
【即学即用】He was released from prison after serving a sentence of five years.
他在服刑五年后从狱中释放出来。
anti-social behavior 反社会行为
【题干原句】Today there is a great increase in anti-social behavior and lack of respect to others.
现在反社会行为及对别人不尊重的行为大幅增加。
【句架提炼】there is a great increase in…大幅增加（此句型适用于图表作文）embark on 开始（工作），着手，从事
【经典搭配】embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路
embark on sth 开始着手做某事
【即学即用】Many young people are misled by the misbehavior in society and embark on the criminal road.
很多年轻人因为社会上的不良行影响而误入歧途，进而走上犯罪的道路。public safety 公共安全
【同义表达】public security 公共安全；social security 社会安全
【即学即用】More and more cameras are being installed, but is public safety really improving?
监视器越装越多，但治安真的有改善吗？
public order 公共秩序，社会治安
【同义表达】social order 社会秩序
【即学即用】Juvenile delinquency has become a serious social problem to endanger the public order.
少年违法犯罪已经成为危害社会治安的一个严重社会问题。
crack down 采取严厉措施，制裁
【经典搭配】crack down youth crime 降低犯罪
crack down (on或upon) 对……采取严厉措施；制裁
crack down on counterfeit goods 打假
【即学即用】The police decided to crack down on drug addicts.
警察决定对吸毒的人采取严厉措施。
uncontrolled adj.不受控制的
【同义表达】out of control 失去控制
【经典搭配】go uncontrolled 不加以控制
【即学即用】In sum, detailed crime coverage in the media undermines our lives in several ways. I am convinced if such reports continue to go uncontrolled, it will exert even more
baneful influence on individuals and societies.
总之，媒体里对于犯罪细节的报道会从几个方面对我们的生活产生负面影响。
我确信如果这样的报道不加以控制，那么将会对个人社会均产生不利影响。【句架提炼】If…go uncontrolled, then it will exert baneful influence on…
如果……不加以控制，那么就会产生有害的影响
unlawful adj.不法的，违法的，不道德的
【同源词汇】lawful adj.合法的；unlawfully adv.不合法地；unlawfulness
【同义表达】illegal adj. 非法的，违法的
【经典搭配】unlawful activities 非法活动
unlawful interests 非法利益
【即学即用】He was arrested for the unlawful possession of fire arms.
他因非法携带武器而被捕。
legal adj.法律的，合法的，法定的
【同源词汇】legality n.合法，合法性；illegal adj.非法的，违法的
【同义表达】lawful adj.合法的，法定的；valid adj.正当的；licit adj.合法的；
legitimate adj.合法的
【经典搭配】legal aid 法律援助
legal effect 法律效力
legal obligation 法律义务
legal right 合法权利，法定权利
legal services 法律服务
【即学即用】It is not legal for boys of that age to drink alcohol.
这个年龄的男孩喝酒不合法。
illegal adj. 非法的，违发的
【同源词汇】illegality n.违法；illegalize；illegally
【同义表达】unlawful adj.非法的
【经典搭配】illegal act 非法行为
illegal activities 违法行为，不法活动
illegal immigrant 非法移民
illegal income 非法所得
illegal profit 非法利润
【即学即用】It is illegal for people under 17 to drive a car in Britain.
在英国, 不满17岁的人驾驶车辆是违法的。
misdeed n.不端行为，违法行为，不道德行为，罪行
【同义表达】error n.错误，过失；offense n.犯罪，过错；delinquency/ fault n.错误【即学即用】You should not have sold the car in that unsafe condition; sooner or later your misdeeds will come home to roost.
你不该把存在安全隐患的车卖掉，这种不道德的行为迟早会得到报应。misdemeanor n.轻罪，品行不端
【即学即用】He is charged with several misdemeanors, including driving without a valid licence and creating a disturbance.
他被控告犯有好几种轻罪，其中包括无有效驾驶执照驾驶和扰乱治安。sentence n &vt. 判决，宣判
【经典搭配】be sentenced to death 被判处死刑
sentence-extension 延长刑期
【即学即用】Compare the sentence-extension with other solutions, which is the best way for public security?
延长刑期和其他解决方式相比，哪一个方式是保障公共安全最好的办法。trespass vi. 侵入，犯罪，冒犯n.罪过，非法侵入
【同义表达】encroach vi.侵占vt.侵犯；infringe vt.侵犯，破坏vi.侵犯；intrude vi.
侵扰；invade vt.侵扰vi.侵犯
【经典搭配】trespass upon someone's land 未经许可进入某人的地界
Never trespass upon another's rights. 切勿侵犯他人的权利。
trespass on someone's time 占用某人的时间
【即学即用】The fishing boat was seized for its trespass into restricted waters.
渔船因非法侵入受限制水域而被扣押。
infringement n. 侵犯，违反
【同义表达】offense n.犯罪，过错；intervention；invasion n.侵犯，入侵
【经典搭配】patent infringement 专利侵权
【即学即用】Personal information gets severe infringement and abuse in the process of China's informationization, so constituting personal information law for protecting personal
information is extremely urgent.
在我国信息化过程中，个人信息受到了严重的侵害和滥用，制定个人信息法保
护个人信息的权利是迫在眉睫的事情。
culpable adj. 应受谴责的，有罪的
【同义表达】blamable adj.应受谴责的；guilty adj.有罪的；faulty adj.有错误的【即学即用】The judge found the man culpable.
法官认为那个人有罪。
embezzlement n.侵占，挪用，盗用
【同源词汇】embezzle vt.盗用，挪用
【经典搭配】embezzlement of funds 盗用公款
embezzle public funds 吞没公款
【即学即用】Serious cases of embezzlement, bribery, bureaucracy have been brought to light
recently.
最近揭发出相当严重的贪污、受贿和官僚主义问题。
bring to light 揭露，发现，公开
【同义表达】uncover vt.揭露vi.发现；disclose vt.揭露，公开
【即学即用】An old saying goes that time will bring to light whatever is hidden.
俗话说得好，时间自会让隐藏的事实水落石出。
come home to roost 得到报应，自食其果
【即学即用】Justice has long arms and the criminals will come home to roost someday.
天网恢恢，罪犯终有一天会自食其果。
justice has long arms 天网恢恢，疏而不漏
【即学即用】Justice has long arms and the criminals will be sent to prison.
天网恢恢，疏而不漏，犯罪分子终有一天会关进监狱。
peace making n. 调停，调解adj.调停的，调解的
【同义表达】pacific adj.和平的，平静的；peaceable adj.和平的，平静的
【即学即用】The approach is allow youth to deal constructively with interpersonal conflicts, problem-solving techniques and behaviors of peacemaking skills.
方法是应该培养年轻人善于处理人际矛盾、解决问题的能力及调解问题的技巧。psychological factors 心理因素
【即学即用】A multitude of factors exist that contribute to the understanding of what leads someone to engage in delinquent behavior. While emotional and psychological
factors hold their own merit when explaining crime and delinquency, perhaps social
factors can best explain juvenile delinquency.
很多因素都能解释是什么导致了犯罪行为。对于犯罪，尽管情感因素和心理因
素可以解释的通，但是社会因素可以对青少年犯罪做出最合理的解释。
silver bullet 良方，高招
【即学即用】There is no silver bullet and no expedient answer. Any solution to juvenile crime must involve all sectors of society: individuals, families, schools, community
groups and governments.
对此没有什么高招或是权宜之计。青少年犯罪的解决方法要涉及到全社会的努
law enforcement 法律的实施
【经典搭配】enforce the laws 执法，执行法律
【即学即用】This mechanism acts positively in enhancing the ability and efficiency of law enforcement, but it also exists some problems.
这种机制对提高执法能力和执法效率具有积极作用，但是也存在一定的问题。ordinance n.条例，法令
【同义表达】legislation n.立法，法律；law n.法律；regulation n.规则，管理
【即学即用】We believe that the city and community would be better served by an ordinance.
我们认为法令会服务于城市及社区的安定。
abide by the law 遵守法律
【同义表达】respect the law 遵守法律
【即学即用】It is important that all citizens abide by the law.
重要的是，所有公民都应该遵纪守法。
reintegrate into 重新融入
【经典搭配】reintegrate into society 重新融入社会
【即学即用】We should reintegrate our nation’s economy into the world economy.
我们应当将国家经济重新纳入世界经济中去。
rehabilitation n.（对罪犯的）改造，再教育
【同义表达】renew vi. 重新开始；restart vt.&vi.重新开始；re-education n. 再教育
【经典搭配】rehabilitation center 修复中心
rehabilitation project 康复工程
rehabilitation psychology 康复心理学
rehabilitation therapy 康复治疗
【即学即用】Prevention works better and is cheaper than treatment. The fact is that prevention and early intervention hold far more promise than good rehabilitation programs for
actually reducing crime.
防患于未然。事实是对于减少犯罪，预防和早期的干预要比再教育更有意义。accountability n.有义务，有责任，可说明性
【同义表达】responsibility n.责任，职责；duty n.责任，职务；obligation n.义务，职责
【经典搭配】accountability system 问责制
【即学即用】Personal accountability for actions and decisions is the cornerstone of a civilized society.
个人对行为和决定负有责任，这是文明社会的基石。
aspiration n. 渴望，抱负
【同源词汇】aspire vi.渴望，追求
【同义表达】ambition n.野心，雄心；抱负，志向
【经典搭配】aspiration to knowledge 求知欲
aspire after (for) sth. 渴望
aspire to do 渴求
【即学即用】Children with low intelligence are likely to do worse in school. This may increase the chances of offending because low educational attainment, a low attachment to
school, and low educational aspirations are all risk factors for offending in
themselves.
智力水平较低的孩子往往在学校表现很差。因为学习成绩差、不留恋学校、对
自己教育的期望值很低，这些都是导致犯罪的危险因素，因而也就加大了犯罪
的几率。
supervision n.监督，管理
【同义表达】direction n.方向，指导；regulation n.规则，管理
【经典搭配】under one’s supervision 在某人的监督之下
【即学即用】Family factors which may have an influence on offending include the level of parental supervision, the way parents discipline a child, parental conflict or
separation, criminal parents or siblings, parental abuse or neglect, and the quality of
the parent-child relationship.
家庭因素对于犯罪的影响包括家长的监管力度、家长教育孩子的方式、父母争
端或分离、有犯过罪的父母或是兄弟姐妹、父母的虐待或是忽略以及父母与孩
子之间的关系如何。
correlation n.相关，关联，相互关系
【同义表达】link n.联系，关系；relation n.关系
【经典搭配】correlation…between…and …相互联系
【即学即用】Many studies have found a strong correlation between a lack of supervision and offending, and it appears to be the most important family influence on offending.
很多研究表明缺乏监管和犯罪的密切关系，这也是家庭影响最大的地方。
in conflict with 与……冲突（或相矛盾），与……不一致
【即学即用】A lack of supervision is connected to poor relationships between children and parents, as children who are often in conflict with their parents may be less willing
to discuss their activities with them.
孩子和家长之间的不良关系是和缺乏监督有关系，因为与家长有矛盾的孩子越
发不愿意和他们讨论他们的事情。
attachment 情感，爱慕，依恋，眷恋
【经典搭配】attachment bond 依恋情结
be (或become, etc.) attached to 喜欢，依恋，
【即学即用】Children with a weak attachment to their parents are more likely to offend.
不太喜欢父母的人更容易犯罪。
become involved in 使卷入，使陷入
【经典搭配】involvement in 陷入，转入
【即学即用】A minor who has a lower intelligence and who does not receive a proper education is more prone to become involved in delinquent conduct.
智力水平低一些和没有受过良好教育的年轻人更加容易卷入到犯罪行为中。multiple adj.多重的，多样的，许多的
【同义表达】manifold adj.多方面的
【即学即用】In many instances, multiple individual risk factors can be identified as contributing to a juvenile's involvement in destructive and illegal activities.
在很多情况下，很多个人的原因是导致青少年参与破坏性且违法的活动。physical abuse 身体伤害
【经典搭配】physical and psychological abuse from his parents 长期受到父母身心虐待physical punishment 体罚
child abuse 虐待儿童
physical and verbal mistreatment of children. 对儿童进行身体上和言语上的
虐待
【即学即用】The family risk factors include a lack of proper parental supervision, ongoing parental conflict, emotional and psychological neglect and physical abuse.
家庭的危险因素在于家长监督的缺失，不断地家庭纷争、情感上忽视孩子及虐
待孩子。
social norms 社会规范，社会准则
【经典搭配】observe social norms 遵守社会规范
conform to social norms 遵守社会规范
【即学即用】Parents who demonstrate a lack of respect for the law and social norms are likely to have children who think similarly.
不遵守法律和社会规范的家长，也容易培养出和他们想法类似的孩子。engage in 从事，参加
【经典搭配】be engaged in 忙于，从事于
engage in a lawsuit 打官司，进行诉讼
engage oneself in sth. 忙于
【即学即用】Additionally, juveniles are far more likely to engage in destructive, harmful and illegal activities when using drugs and alcohol.
此外，青少年一旦沾染上毒品或是酒精，就特别容易参与破坏性、有害性且违
法活动。
divert vt.转移，使……转向vi.转移
【同义表达】distract vt.转移，分心
【经典搭配】divert attention from 把注意力从……转移开来，分散注意力
divert from 转移
【即学即用】Positive intervention, through programming, education and counseling, can divert a juvenile from a path that otherwise would result in delinquency as a child and
crime as an adult.
通过一些课程、教育及咨询等积极地干预手段，可以使青少年走上正轨，避免
少年犯罪或以后走上成年人犯罪的道路。
hidden adj.隐藏的
【同义表达】latent adj.潜在的；potential adj.可能的，潜在的；
covert adj.隐密的，隐蔽的
【即学即用】There may also be other hidden reasons contributing to this behavior.
也肯能有其他的原因导致这种行为。
take hold 确立，生根
【即学即用】Poor academic performance is a good indicator that delinquency problems may be starting to take hold.
学习成绩不好可能就暗示着犯罪问题要开始了。
intervention n.介入，调停，妨碍
【同源词汇】intervene vi.干涉，调停；intervenient adj. 干涉的，调停的
【经典搭配】intervene between 介入……之间调解
intervene in 在……（方面）进行干预，调解
【即学即用】Without intervention, this could lead to more serious problems and deteriorating behavior.
参看考官范文，研习遣词造句
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 2 TEST 4
The position of women in society has changed markedly in the last twenty years. Many of the problems young people now experience, such as juvenile delinquency, arise from the fact that many married women now work and are not at home to care for their children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
It is certainly true that the position of women in society has undergone a dramatic change in the past twenty years but I do not feel that this is a direct cause of the indisputable increase in juvenile-related problems during this period.
It is now accepted that young women should find work on leaving school; indeed to rely totally on their parents' financial support is no longer an option in many families. Likewise, once they get married, the majority of women continue working since the financial pressures of setting up a house and establishing a reasonable standard of living often require two incomes.
Twenty years ago it was common for women to give up work once they had children and devote their time to caring for their children. This is no longer the general rule and the provision of professionally-run child care facilities and day nurseries have removed much of the responsibility for child rearing that used to fall to mothers. However, these facilities come at a cost and often require two salaries coming into a family to be afforded.
I do not believe that the increase in the number of working mothers has resulted in children being brought up less well than previously. Indeed it could be argued that by giving mothers the opportunity to work and earn extra money children can be better provided for than previously. There is more money for luxuries and holidays and a more secure family life is possible. Of course there are limits as to the amount of time that ideally should be spent away from home and the ideal scenario would be for one of the parents (often the wife) to have a part-time job and thus be available for their children before and after school. It is important to establish the correct balance between family life and working life.
考官用词分析
雅思写作常用话题
雅思写作常见话题 一．学生生活 1、大学生交学费：一些人认为大学生应该支付他们的学费，另外一些人认为政府应该支付 学费，你的观点是什么？ 2、考试：一些人认为考试对学生有负面的影响，一些人认为考试对教育有正面的作用，讨 论双方的观点并且给出你的见解。 3、出国留学：最近几年，许多年轻人决定出国留学，你认为出国留学利大于弊吗？ 4、大学生找不到工作：目前大学毕业生难就业，分析个人和社会的原因，并提出解决方法。 5、大学宿舍与校外公寓：大部分大学都有很多居住方式供学生选择，他们可以选择大学宿 舍或校外公寓，讨论两种不同发做法并且给出你的见解。 6、学术课程和实用技能：人们常说，学校学科的定位过于学术化，而孩子们如果能学习到 有关家政管理、工作及人际关系技巧等方面的实际知识会对他们更有用，你是否同意此观点？ 7、学生评价老师：一些人认为，为了提高教学质量，应该鼓励学生对老师进行评价和批评。 其他人则认为这将导致课堂上对老师的尊重和良好纪律的缺失。讨论双方的观点并且给出你的见解。 8、自学和跟老师学：一些人认为，没有老师，他们凭自己会学得更好，其他人认为有老师 的指导总是有利的。你的观点是什么？ 9、学生兼职工作：许多国家的学生会在课余时间做许多不同的兼职。一些人认为这是错误 的，但是其他人相信这样的工作将能够拓展学生的知识并且增加他们的责任感。你的观点是什么？ 10、不同的朋友和相似的朋友：有些人喜欢与自己性格不同的人交朋友，有些人喜欢和 自己性格相似的人交朋友，你喜欢和哪种类型的人交朋友呢？请说出理由。 二、家庭生活 1、照看老年人：有人认为老年人应该被在家中赡养，另外有些人认为他们应该被送到养老院，你的观点是什么？ 2、孩子缺少父母关注：有些人认为现在的孩子不像以前的孩子那样能得到父母很多的关注。在多大程度上你同意或反对此观点？ 3、家庭成员关系不亲密：人们现在普遍承认家庭成员的关系不像过去那样亲密了，请给出可能的原因并提出你的建议。 4、父母和学校：有些人认为父母应该教育孩子如何成为好的社会成员。然而另外一些人认为学校应该做这件事情。讨论两种见解并给出你的观点。 5、孩子早送幼儿园：现如今孩子们很早就被送到幼儿园，这样母亲们就可以回到她们的工作中去，而且孩子们也可以从小适应社会。你是否同意这样的观点？ 6、体罚孩子：很长时间以来，体罚孩子是家庭中的一个惯例。但最近几年，人们对这一做法的观念发生了巨大的变化。现在有很多人强烈地反对这一观点。你的观点是什么？ 三、现代科技 1、科技影响人们之间的交流：现在，因为科技，人们相互交流的方式已经发生了改变。科技怎样改变了人们相互交流的方式？这是一个正面的还是负面的发展？ 2、计算机对孩子的影响：电脑并没有帮助孩子更有效地学习。另外，电脑的使用对青少年的身体和心理健康都有着负面作用。在多大程度上你同意或反对此观点呢？ 3、太空研究：大量的钱花在太空研究上。一些人认为这些钱花得不应该。你是否同意？ 4、私家车：你认为日益增多的私家车有哪些益处和弊端？ 5、互联网：你认为互联网利大于弊吗？
雅思大作文常用词组
1.依靠：dependon=relyon 2.导致：leadto=cause=resultin 3.源于：resultfrom=stemfrom 4.使用：use=apply 5.利用：takeadvantageof=makeuseof 6.带来：bring=provide=offer=supply 7.努力做：makemosteffortsto=workhardto=striveto 8.花时间做：spendtime/money/energy/lifeonsth/doingsth 9.专注于：focuson=payattentionto=concentrateto 10.分心/打扰： distractsbfromsth=disturbsb/sth=interruptsb/sth=obsesssbwithsthdistraction=diver sion=disturbance 11.起到作用：servetodo=playarole in doing = have a function to do = make a contribution to (对……做出贡献) 12.目的是：attempt to do = have an intention to do/of = have a purpose to do/of = have an objective to do/of = aim at doing/sth 13.为了：in order to do = for the purpose of doing/sth = with the view of doing/sth 14.有利于：bring benefits to = be benefitial to = bring advantages to 15.有害于：bring harms to = damage sth = ruin sth = undermine sth = be harmful to/for = be detrimental to/for 16.威胁到：endanger sb/sth = risk sb/sth = threaten sb/sth = place sb/sth into the danger/risk/threat 17.影响：have (positive/negative) effects/influence/impacts on sth 18.强调：stress = emphasize 19.忽略：ignore = neglect = overlook 20.联系：connect to/with = communicate with = contact to/with = have an access to = associate with(和……相关) 21.处理：deal with = cope with = handle = tackle 22.避免/预防/远离：keep A from B = prevent A from B = A avoid B = A refrain from B = A be away from B
雅思作文模板句必备50句型
雅思作文模板句必备50句型 A 1.the table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to... 该表格描述了在... 年之... 年间... 数量的变化。 2.the bar chart illustrates that... 该柱状图展示了... 3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding... 该图为我们提供了有关... 有趣数据。 4.the diagram shows (that... 该图向我们展示了... 5.the pie graph depicts (that.... 该圆形图揭示了... 6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of... 这个曲线图描述了... 的趋势。 7.the figures/statistics show (that... 数据(字表明... 8.the tree diagram reveals how... 该树型图向我们揭示了如何... 9.the data/statistics show (that... 该数据(字可以这样理解... 10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 这些数据资料令我们得出结论... 11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table... 如图所示... 12.according to the chart/figures... 根据这些表(数字... 13.as is shown in the table... 如表格所示...
浅析青少年犯罪心理
浅析青少年犯罪心理 青少年犯罪是指14周岁以上、25周岁以下的青少年违法国家法律法规，对社会造成一定危害而应受到刑罚处罚的行为。近年来青少年犯罪呈增长趋势，根据老师上课公布的90年代的数据，14至25周岁犯罪人数占总人口的34.67%，占犯罪人口的74%，而这一数字至今仍在不断增长；同时，青少年的犯罪性质不断恶化，手段也越来越多样，给社会造成了极坏的影响。由此可见问题的严峻。 一、青少年犯罪心理形成原因 那么到底是什么原因导致了青少年犯罪率如此居高不下？我认为，可以从主观因素和客观因素两个方面分析青少年犯罪心理的形成原因： （一）青少年犯罪心理形成的主观因素： 1.错误的人生观：犯罪青少年的认识水平较低，对许多人生问题愚昧无知，观念模糊，甚至到了颠倒是非的地步，这也是支配他们实施犯罪的最主要动因； 2.法治观念的欠缺：许多青少年由于认识水平低不懂法或没有守法意识而很容易实施一些触犯法律的行为； 3.不成熟的认知结构：体现在青少年对事物没有很好的认识和控制能力，容易受情绪影响实施犯罪行为； 4.情绪体验的原始性、低级性：很多青少年实施犯罪只是单纯的为了生理需要和感官刺激，缺少更高层次的追求； 5.情绪的易激动性和外露性：青少年无法很好地控制情绪，喜怒哀乐往往显露于外，容易不顾后果； 6.冒险性：青少年在不成熟的主观意志支配下容易出现盲目冒险的不良行为，许多青少年一开始犯罪就是处于冒险心理； 7.易受暗示性：青少年辨别是非能力较差，容易接受他人教唆或暗示而实施违法犯罪行为。 （二）青少年犯罪心理形成的客观因素： 1.青少年时期心理发展相对滞后于生理发展产生的身心矛盾：青少年正处在人生长发育最快的阶段，身体各方面如体态、内分泌、第二性征等逐渐有了明显变化并趋向成熟，但此时他们的心智仍未完全成熟，于是不可避免的产生了矛盾； 2.青少年自身心理冲突产生的矛盾：此时的青少年心理具有两重性，幼稚与成熟并存，理想与现实的碰撞等等导致青少年往往存在一系列的心理问题，一旦这些问题得不到及时处理就容易成为犯罪动因； 3.家庭、学校的影响：青少年平时接触最多的就是家庭和学校，一旦家庭和学校的环境出现问题，例如家庭破裂、学校教育不平等，都容易影响到青少年的心理健康； 4.社会的影响：青少年此时接触社会开始增多，但其认识和辨别能力无法应对社会上大量复杂的信息，同时也容易收到社会上不良风气的影响，从而走上违法犯罪的道路。 二、青少年犯罪预防 既然青少年犯罪已经成了一个无法避免的严峻问题，我们就应当及时采取措施预防或减少其发生。预防青少年犯罪可从以下几方面进行： （一）、家庭预防：要为青少年营造一个良好的成长环境，家庭是最直接最有效的，和睦稳定的家庭有利于青少年心理健康发展，同时应当注意观察他们的心理变化、行为方式，一出现偏差立即纠正，将犯罪心理的产生扼杀在萌芽状态； （二）学校预防：学校要加强对学生尤其是所谓“差生”的管理，不应对他们有歧视或偏见；要注意纠正学生中出现的不正当行为，以教育引导的方式帮助他们消除内心的不良因素，培养青少年积极向上的思想，同时加强对青少年的法制教育，培养他们的法律意识； （三）社会预防：社会应当注意对青少年的保护，避免不正之风的扩散，同时加强对媒体和网络的监管，防止青少年接受毒害思想。 青少年是国家的未来，是民族的希望。没有健康发展的青少年，国家就没有未来。因此对青少年犯罪的预防是犯罪预防工作的重中之重，也是犯罪心理学应当研究的重要课题。
【16-25天】18个高频雅思写作话题思路分析与素材汇总
最近考试高频的十八个写作话题思路分析与素材汇总！只有7页，共18个话题，中英双语结合给出了关键思路和素材，给出了关键的高分词汇与表达！老是在考试时理不清思路、想不出素材的同学，看了一定会有帮助的！大家加油加油！ ----------------------------------------------我是分割线--------------------------------------------------- 一、跳槽的原因及解决办法 1、相关词汇： fierce competition heavy pressure job-hopping is looked upon to move upward quickly keep skill fresh and up to date acclimatize themselves to the rapidly changing society 2、原因： （1）社会压力大，人们的竞争意识增强，不断改变以适应社会的变化。 （2）处于个人发展的需要，寻求升职，更新知识。 （3）金钱的诱惑，不在乎在哪儿工作，做什么职业，只要挣钱多。 （4）家庭原因，spouse工作地点改变或孩子去其他地方上学。 3、解决方法： （1）要理性看待，一般来说，stability equals success。
（2）chronic job-hopper将被questioned integrity and loyalty ，not reliable。 （3）政府和mass media应该鼓励人们扎根一个地方，扎扎实实干事业，并且尽可能提高welfare，改善城市和community的环境，留住人才。 （4）公司应该提高工资待遇，给employee创造一个良好的工作环境，在保证企业利润的同时要考虑员工个人发展，增加培训，扩充员工的知识。 二、大学是否应该根据就业教授学生知识，大学的主要功能是什么 平衡写： 1、认为应该提供实际知识的： （1）大学生毕业就要找工作，因此要培养学生掌握future job的技能。 （2）有人甚至声称理论没用，不是每个大学生都要做科学家。 2、反对方： （1）It will definitely be shortsighted to…目光短浅理论知识非常重要，理论指导实践，大学的职责不仅是教会学生一门技术，更重要的是教授一种方法。 （2）不学理论只学实际知识，会使学生变成utilitarian，narrow-minded，lack of imagination，如果学生要学的只是生存的技能，那就去vocational school。 3、总结 总之，我认为大学的功能是versatile的，促进学生all-around development，培养学生具有creative mind in some special field，而不只是教授该领域的实际知识，可以通过一些part-time job来获得。 三、个人不能对环境保护做不了什么，同意不同意 This is just an excuse for the ignorance of environmental protection. 1、分析环境恶化原因是缺乏环保意识。 2、给出解决办法。 四、维持博物馆是否是浪费金钱？ 1、提出自己的观点（反对）。 政府应该spend a lot of money to enrich the collection of museums to cater for different tastes or needs of different people．有的人认为是浪费钱，我认为是很有必要的。 2、博物馆很重要（博物馆的作用）。 （1）illuminate the culture，history and arts of the world. 比如，世界上最大的British Museum provide visitors with all-round knowledge about the world culture and arts,collections in it trace the development of civilization throughout the history of mankind. Definitely a heartquake！ （2）shoulder the responsibility to preserve and carry forward a country‘s traditional culture. （3）serve as a significant mean of adolescent education,benefit both the present and future generation. 教育学生什么是美，purify their heart，也可以作为第二课堂，提供教学参考
雅思写作常用连接词2
在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）
关于雅思写作句式14种句式变换高分内容
关于雅思写作句式14种句式变换高分内容
关于雅思写作句式：14种句式变换（高分内容） 谁都知道写作文句式单调不是好事，但却很少有人能参透到底怎样才能让句子丰富多样。传说中的句式多样化一直高深莫测，让考生们想当郁闷。 如果你的写作单项目标是6.5或者7分的话，请把下面这些剑桥范文变化句式的不宣之秘熟练掌握而且积极使用。对于只需要6分的同学，如果今天还不是很累，也不妨很快地看看以便有个印象。考官们，不好意思，是pat出卖了你们“压箱底”的宝贝…… A句首状语提前 雅思写作里状语提前是一种相当拿分的句式，遗憾的是很多同学却没有意识到： 所谓状语提前就是把一个由副词、介词、现在分词或动词不定式形成的小短语放在句首。这种句式最大的好处就是在一堆长句子里突然出现一个短语，让句子产生一种长短结合的节奏感。 剑桥考官范文中的状语提前能够用“海量”一词来形容，请大家认真体会下面的剑桥例句中
放在句首的状语所产生的效果： ◆B ecause it is more likely（更有可能的） now that both parents work,there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age. instead, they will probably go t a nursery school （幼儿园，与nursing home 不同） when they are much younger. ◆O verall, i think an ability to keep clear perspective（视角） in life is a more essential（重要的，核心的） factor in achieving happiness. ◆U nfortunately, professionals from other fields who make a much greater contribution to human society, are paid so much less that it is hard to disagree with the statement. ◆I n spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied. ◆I n addition to the financial benefits, some jobs bring intellectually rewards
关于青少年犯罪心理浅析
关于青少年犯罪心理浅析 2016-04-20 16:10:27 作者:7天论文网【大中小】浏览:3次评论:0条 摘要: 近年来，青少年犯罪问题，成为危害社会稳定、阻碍社会发展的重要因素之一，因此，了解青少年犯罪的原因，解决青少年的心理问题，引导青少年的健康发展，成为社会所广泛关注的话题。本文通过分析青少年犯罪的心理原因，提出有效的预防措施，希望能够促进青少年的健康成长。 关键词: 青少年; 犯罪心理学; 原因; 措施 随着网络技术的高速发展，传播媒体事业迎来了巨大的发展机遇，而对于心理发展还不成熟的青少年来说，网络上充斥的大量不良信息，使得青少年的心理素质面临着严峻的挑战。在时代不断变化的新形势下，青少年形成了早熟、早知、见多识广和思维活跃的特点，但是，由于受到不良思潮、不良文化以及自身素质缺陷等方面的影响，青少年犯罪问题日益增多，严重影响了社会秩序，阻碍了社会的发展进步，因此，分析青少年犯罪的心理原因，缓解青少年的心理压力，帮助青少年克服心理问题，引导青少年的健康发展，是维护社会稳定、推动社会发展的有效手段［1］。 一、青少年犯罪的心理原因( 一) 社会不良思潮的影响随着经济水平的不断提高，人们的物质生活日益丰富，而精神方面的需求却存在着许多的不足。一些过度追求物质享受的人，大力鼓吹享乐主义、拜金主义，给青少年的思想带来负面影响。同时，由于青少年的心理素质还不成熟，很容易受到外界不良思潮的影响，难以抵制物质诱惑、金钱诱惑，使得青少年在不知不觉中逐渐走上犯罪道路。例如，一些青少年过度沉迷于虚拟的网络世界，不能正确的处理现实世界与网络世界之间的关系，致使因网络犯罪问题层出不穷［2］。 ( 二) 社会不良文化的影响目前，在文化市场中，一些音像制品、图书报刊和文化娱乐等，充斥着大量的淫秽色情、凶杀暴力和封建迷信以及其它损害人们心理健康的内容，严重污染了社会文化环境，给广大青少年的身心健康造成不良影响。在这种社会文化环境下，青少年的道德观念和心理素质，受到消极的影响，致使青少年存在着厌世、仇世的情绪。 ( 三) 缺乏道德教育和法律教育近年来，虽然每一所中小学都开设了思想品德课和法律知识教育课，并且积极开展多种多样的思想素质教育活动和普法教育活动，但是，由于其教育范围有限，教育力度不强，致使一些青少年缺乏明确的是非观、善恶观和荣辱观，使得青少年犯罪事件频发。 ( 四) 缺乏自控能力和抵御能力青少年的心理特点，是其走上歧途的主要原因。处于青春期的青少年具有强烈的猎奇心、好胜心和模仿性，很容易受到电影、电视、网络信息的诱惑，做出一些不当的行为。 另外，由于一些青少年的文化素质不高，辨别能力较差，再加上意气用事，很容易受到社会不良人士的诱惑和利用，从而误入歧途。
雅思写作十大常考话题和例子
雅思写作十大常考话题 1．学生生活 例: University graduates receive higher salaries than those who have a lower education. Therefore, some people say such students should pay for all their tuition fees. To what extent do you agree or disagree 2．家庭生活 例：Modern lifestyles mean that many parents have little time for their children. Many children do not get as much attention from their parents as children did in the past. To what extent do you agree or disagree 3．现代科技 例: Computers do not help children to learn more effectively. On the contrary, their usage has a negative effect on both the physical and mental development of young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree 4．媒体 例：Advertisements are getting their way into people’s lives. Discuss the effects of advertisements on people. Should all ads be banned 广告充斥人们的日常工作和生活。讨论广告对人们的影响。广告该不该禁止。 5．传统与发展 例：In the course of urban development, we often find ourselves confronted with the old building problem. Some people think we should pull down the old houses and buildings in the way; however, others argue that it is a very rash decision to tear them down without full consideration. What’s your opinion 6．动物 例：Should experiments be conducted on animals for the benefit of human beings 7．平等 例：In some countries, sports and entertainment personalities earn higher salaries than professionals like doctors, nurses and teachers. Why do you think this happens in some societies and do you consider it is good or bad 8．环境、资源、交通 例:The only way to improve the safety on the roads is to give much stricter punishments for driving offences. To what extent do you agree or disagree 9．政府话题 例: Some people say the government should not put money in the Arts, such as music, opera and paintings, but instead should spend more money on construction of public facilities. Do you agree or disagree 10．其它话题 例: Should criminals be sent to prison or should they do something else as a punishment Explain your opinion and give your reasons.
(完整word版)雅思大作文常用词汇替换
雅思大作文常用词汇替换 大家都知道，写雅思作文的时候有个很大的问题就是腹中纵有千言万语，表达出来却都是小学词语。词汇量是拦路虎，但是要克服它却不是一朝一夕的事情。怎么办呢，最高效的办法就是背诵老师们精挑细选出来的常用替换词语了。下面的单词是我们单词系列里的第一部分，针对所有话题的大总结，也是最最常用的。每组里第一个单词是大家最常用的，后面的单词是它的替换词。需要注意的是，每个词的意思还是有小小的区别与常见的搭配，这点也是我给班上的学生讲解的重点，自己备考的同学可以通过查字典和例句来体会这些单词用法的区别。 1.people n. individuals, men, human beings, humanity 2.solve v. resolve, tackle, address, deal with 3.reason n. cause, 4.destroy v. ruin, devastate, harm(伤害), 5.influence, n. effect, impact v. affect 6.dangers n. hazards, perils 7.obvious adj. apparent, evident, manifest 8.good adj. beneficial, positive, meaningful, desirable, 9.bad adj. harmful, negative, baneful 10.famous adj. well-known, prominent, eminent, fame n., reputation n. 11.big adj. huge, vast, enormous, tremendous, immense 12.main adj. major, dominant, predominant, 13.poor adj. deprived, impoverished, poverty n. 14.rich adj. well-off, wealthy, affluent, prosperous +country/economy 15.enough adj. sufficient, adequate, abundant 16. a lot of, a host of, a great deal of +可数/不可数名词 a vast number of +可数 a large amount of + 不可数提示: great, vast, large可以互换位置 17.advantage n. benefit, merit, strong point 18.disadvantage n. drawback, weakness, weak point 19.improve v. enhance, boost, promote, augment, 20.claim v. argue, insist, assert, 21.agree with v. conform to, accord with 22.disagree with v. oppose to, be against 23.ban v. forbid, prohibit prohibition n. 24.obstruct v. hinder, impede obstruction n. obstacle barrier
雅思写作必备的20个万能句
雅思写作必备的20个万能句 According to a recent survey ,four-million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这个事实. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness. 很多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康. Nowadays ,many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately ,for most young people ,it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus. 当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,很多学生都会兴高采烈.不过, 对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历. In view of the seriousness of this problem ,effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
青少年犯罪心理的思考和研究
关于青少年犯罪心理的思考和研究 我的发现 最近看了一部名叫《篮球日记》的电影，电影讲述的是一个热爱篮球的少年因为染上吸毒恶习，而走上抢劫等犯罪道路的故事，后来从监狱释放后虽然改了恶习，可犯罪给他带来的恶果不难想象。原本优秀的他不但断送了自己的篮球生涯，自己的以后的人生也抹上不能磨灭的阴影。看完电影我思考了很多，青少年的犯罪近年来上升速度让人担忧，他们的犯罪心理也让我产生了很大兴趣。 众所周知，当前我国社会犯罪中，青少年犯罪已成为一个令人关注的社会问题。据不完全统计，我国每100名罪犯中就有约10名是14——18岁的未成年人，这显然说明青少年犯罪已占相当大的比例，而且人数逐年上升，这不仅严重危害社会治安秩序，还影响到国家的稳定和长治久安，更影响国家的未来。因此预防和控制青少年犯罪已成为当前一项主要任务，要解决好这个问题，就要了解青少年犯罪的规律特点、犯罪原因及治理对策。 面对这样的现状，我们应该从青少年犯罪心理入手，保证青少年心理健康，预防青少年犯罪，从根本上解决青少年犯罪问题。 【关键词】青少年犯罪预防犯罪心理健康 我查阅的资料 《青少年犯罪心理》人民卫生出版社张理义著
《心理健康枕边书》新世界出版社牧之编著 《影响他人的心理学》郑小兰编著 《如何预防青少年犯罪》人民出版社 《社会心理学》南开大学出版社 《人格心理学》中国轻工业出版社陈会昌译 《心理学》河北大学出版社张彦云 《精神分析引论》山西人民出版社佛洛依德 《行为心理学》学苑出版社冯绍峰 《自我与自我》上海译文出版社佛洛依德 《佛洛依德人格论述》天中学刊张书义 《社会心理学》人民邮电出版社戴维迈尔斯 《20世纪最伟大的心理学实验》中国人民大学出版社劳伦斯莱特《人性、人性心理学与人性化教育》张海忠 《社会心理学》侯玉波 《心理类型》上海三联书店荣格 《人格心理学》北京作家出版社郝根汉 《怪诞心理学》天津教育出版社理查德 《人性论》北京出版社休谟 我的解读与科学上的解释 引言 青少年人数占我国人口的四分之一，他们是我国事业的希望，民
【精编范文】雅思大作文高频题目：科技-实用word文档 (1页)
【精编范文】雅思大作文高频题目：科技-实用word文档 本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！ == 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 雅思大作文高频题目：科技 科技 078. Some people think that robots are very important to humans future development . Others think that they are dangerous and have negative effects on society . Discuss both opinions and give your personal view . 079. There are social , medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones . What forms do they take ? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones ? 080. In todays society , more and more work is done by machines . Do you think the positive effects of the development overweigh the negative effects on individuals and society ? 081. Today , foods travel thousands of miles from the farm to customers . Why has this happened ? Is this trend positive or negative ? 2 082. Some people argue that technology such as the cell phone destroys social interaction . To what extent do you agree or disagree ? 083. In the past century when a human astronaut first arrived on the Moon , he said , It is a big step for mankind . But some people think it makes little difference to our daily life . To what extent do you agree or disagree ? 084. The development of technology has changed the way people interact with each other . In which ways does it change the types of relationship that people make with each other ? Does it have a positive or negative effect on society ? 085. Air travel can only benefit the richest people in the world . Ordinary people can get no advantage with the development of air travel . To what extent do you agree or disagree ?
雅思作文常用动词
Make sense 合理In today’s media, some reports simply do not make any sense. Interestingly, people just keep listening to or reading them. Make up for 弥补To the master, no amount of money can make up for the death of a pet. Opt for sth./ opt to do sth. 选择（去做某事）Due to the stiff competition at work, an increasing number of people have opted for early retirement. Participate in 参与Parents should encourage their children to participate in group discussions as that will make children more co-operative individuals. Refrain from 克制（不去做某事）It would be difficult for children to refrain from playing a video game once they get addicted to it. Differ from 与…不同This product differs from other products in cost and performance.