全国小学生英语能力竞赛(四年级)02-语音

第二讲语音

1．关于语音的几个概念

1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,

2)音标：词的语音形式。

3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48个音素。

4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。

7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音he, go, hi

8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it

9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

2. 元音：

1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

2)[i] sit, build, miss, myth

3)[e] bed, desk, head,

4)[?] bad, land, bank, stamp

5)[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

6)[?] hot, want

7)[ ?:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

8)[u:] good, who, blue, soup,

9)[u] look, put, women, could

10)[Λ] c up, come, blood, rough

11)[?:] g irl, work, serve, nurse

12)[?] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,

14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

15)[?u] ph one, cold, boat, soul, grow

16)[au] house, town

17)[?i] boy, oil

18)[i?] d ear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

19)[ε?] p ear, care, there, fair

20)[u?] t our, poor,

3. 容易混淆的元音

1)[e] [?] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

2)[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

3)[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

4)[au] [?:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

5)[au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don

4. 辅音

1)[p] pen,

2)[b] bed, comb

3)[t] tell,

4)[d], day, played, wanted

5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

6)[g] big, go, guess, language

7)[m] man

8)[n] nine, knife, autumn

9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing,

10)[l] land, world

11)[r] read, write,

12)[f] five, cough, laugh

13)[v] voice, of

14)[θ] think,

15)[ e] this, bathe

16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

17)[z] zoo, close,

18)[∫] sure, she, so cial, nation

19)[/] pleasure,

20)[h] hot, who, hour

21)[w] wall, what, answer

22)[j] yes

23)[t∫] child, teach, catch

24)[d/] joke, bridge,

25)[ts] boats

26)[dz] goods

27)[tr] tree

28)[dr] dream

5. 容易混淆的辅音

1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

3)[z] [e] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

4)[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

.6.音节

音节是读音的基本单位，任何单词的读音，都可以分解为一个个音节来朗读。在英语中，一个元音可以构成一个音节，如：I [ai]。一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。如bird [ b?:d]。

1）单音节：单音节是由一个元音或一个元音加上辅音构成的音节。如：he [hi:]他，ask[a:sk ]问。

2）双音节：双音节是由两个元音组合或两个元音组合加上辅音构成的音节。如：happy ['h?pi] 开心的，about [[?' baut] 关于，大约。

3）多音节：多音节是由三个或三个以上的音节构成的。如：

beautiful [' bju:t?ful]漂亮的，hamburger ['h?mb?:g?]汉堡包。

7. 重音

1)单词重音

A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry

b)有a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-,

pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。

a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide,

c)有de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的

重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。

'record, re'cord; 'content, con'tent

d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。

're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

B)多音节词

a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy.

b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的

重音读音。

'carefully, 'comfortable, con'ductor.

语音专项练习

一．写出下面三个单词的共同因素。

1. A. vest B. west C. wet

2. A. thing B. king C. sing

3. A. salt B. talk C. walk

4. A. meat B .read C .neat

5. A. dear B. year C. tear

二．选出划线部分发音不同的单词写在括号里。

（）1. A .house B. down C. mouth D. yellow

( ) 2. A .not B. no C .toes D .coat

( ) 3.A.peach B. pear C. read D. key

( ) 4.A.hungry B fly C. sleepy D. ship

( ) 5.A.day B. take C. Jack D .tape

三.Same or different.划线部分读音相近的填S，不同填D。

( ) 1.ground turn ( ) 2.good too

( ) 3.clean leader ( ) 4.sign nice

( ) 5 .park card ( ) 6.make have

( ) 7. candy stamp ( ) 8.meat bread

( ) 9. volleyball key ( ) 10.play paper

四.Find the different word in pronunciation.找出划线部分读音不同的单词。

( ) 1 .A. ask B. basket C. table D. grass

( ) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ec7720283.html, B. grade C. that D. late

( ) 3.A.like B. kite C. my D. city

( ) 4.A. second B. mess C. cinema D. February

( ) 5.A. season B. beach C. read D. great

( ) 6.A.month B. sixth C. with D. birthday

( )7.A.he B. egg C. dress D. bed

( )8.A.duck B. much C. music D. lunch

( )9.A.go B. hot C. not D. coffee

( )10.A.room B. school C. look D. goose

( )11.A.flower B. how C. brown D. yellow

( )12.A.house B. young C. out D. ground

( )13.A.any B. animal C. many D. friend

( )14.A.water B .want C. what D. watch

( )15.A.walked B. jumped C. kicked D. wanted

( )16.A.rain B. train C. said D. paint

( )17.A.forty B. worker C. born D. horse

( )18.A.today B. play C. stay D. Sunday

( )19.A.goat B. old C. do n’t D. hot

( )20.A.try B. my C. why D. happy

五．填空：

1.语音的最小单位是。英语中共有个音素，元音音素有

个，辅音音素有个。

2.国际音标是用来记录世界主要语言的语音，要放在或内。

3.单词book有个音节，these有个音节，family有

个音节。

4.写出五个元音字母。