08年12月英语四级全真模拟答案(二)

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌

答案及详解

Part I Writing

Dear Editor,

I'd like to write to share my opinion on the reemployment of laid-off workers which is the topic from last week.

We all know that the market economy has brought China problems as well as benefits. One of the major problems is that of finding new jobs for laid-off workers. The problem is quite serious as the workers are mostly middle-aged and poorly equipped with the computer technology, coupled with the already competitive job market for new college graduates every year.

Still we can manage to find some solutions to it. To begin with, priority should be given to the expansion of the service industry because the service sector can create a great number of positions with few restrictions on age, education, and skills etc.. In addition, the laid-off workers have to update their skills to meet the demands of society. Just as the old saying goes, "God helps those who help themselves."Lastly, they should stop relying on the state and throw away any worries about their face while doing some odd jobs such as washing dishes at restaurants or sending newspapers to households.

As a college student still on campus, I realize that I have the great chance and responsibility to prepare myself better for future work, like learning English harder and taking computer courses more seriously. No one is entitled to idle time away.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Mingming

Part IIReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

1．Y 文章第一段第七句谈到了Most people，与题目中的the majority of people等同，该句意为Most people在无工作情况下的状态是"at a loss"，与该题"have no idea ..."表达意思相同。

2．N 文章在第一段倒数第三句明确指出"能够智慧地充实自己的闲暇时间是人类文明的最后阶段，而到目前为止，很少有人达到这个（文明）程度"，这与本题所表达意思恰好相反。

3．Y 该题的信息词是"idle rich"，通过这个词查找到文章第一段倒数第二句"Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from drudgery（作为无需从事辛苦工作的代价，很多富人承受着难以言语的乏味）"，这与本题表述意思相同。

4．Y 该题的信息词是"不为工作疲于奔命的人"和"无所事事的人"，通过信息词查找到文章第二段最后一句，与该题意思表达相同。其中"zest"与"passion"同意。

5．N 该题的信息词为人物，即"被限制在家里做家务的妇女（women

confined to home with homemaking）"，通过信息词，查找到文章第三段最后一句"In this respect those women whose lives are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men, or than women who work outside the home.（就此而言，在家里忙于家务的妇女们要比男人们或者在外面工作的妇女们不幸得多）"，与该题表述意思相反。

6. NG 该题的信息词为"从工作中获得的乐趣和从游戏技巧中获得的乐趣"，通过信息词查找到文章倒数第二段最后一句指出"（人们）可以从许多工作中获得和从游戏的技巧同样的快乐"，这与本题的主句表述一致，但是文章中并没有提及有关状语从句或when they are young，所以是部分信息未表述。

7．N 该题的信息词为事物"best work"和"source of happiness"，通过信息词查找到文章最后一段第一句"然而，好工作具备一种比技巧的实施更重要的作为快乐之源的要素"，由此推导"exercise of skill"并不是好工作所具备的最重要的因素。该题表述不正确。

8．embodies a purpose/is not haphazard 这题以及后两道填空题都出自文章的最后一段，根据题干找到文中对应的句子"In construction the initial state of affairs is comparatively haphazard（偶然的）, while the final state of affairs embodies a purpose",但是要注意while引导的并列句子意思相对，所以有两个答案。

9． a previously made plan 本题对应的句子应该是"In constructing a building a previously made plan is carried out",根据题目所给句子的结构判断缺宾语，也就是原句的主语，所以填a previously made plan。

10．find little satisfaction 可以迅速在文章中找到题干的主句，然后细读完整的句子找出为什么破坏如此令人不快，原文的since引导的原因从句正是填空所需的内容，只是句子结构要作调整，故find little satisfaction为答案。

Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. D 23.

C 24. B 25. A

11. W: If I am not mistaken, your birthday is coming up. Has your brother sent you something?

M: Not yet. He never forgets it though.

Q: What does the man imply?

12. W: I'm not swimming in the lake unless it warms up outside today.

M: Me neither. Unfortunately I think it's supposed to stay as cold as this all day.

Q: What can be inferred about the speakers?

13.M: That sweater is so unusual, and yet it looks familiar. Did I just see you wearing it yesterday?

W: Well, not me, but...see, it belongs to my roommate Jill, and she is in your chemistry class.

Q: What does the woman imply?

14. M: Do you want to go to a lecture tonight over in the science auditorium? It's some guy who spent a year living in Antarctica.

W: No kidding! I'm doing a report on Antarctica for my geography class. Maybe I can get some good information to add to it.

Q：What does the woman mean?

15. W: I'd really like to learn how to play chess, but it looks so complicated. It seems like it will take a really long time to learn.

M: Well, it takes a long time to get good at it. But we can go over the basics this afternoon if you want.

Q: What does the man imply?

16. M: Do you think you can lend me that novel when you are finished with it? I've been looking all over for a copy, but apparently it was sold out at all the bookstores.

W: Oh, it's not mine. It belongs to Alice. But I'll see what she says.

Q: What will the woman probably do?

17. W:Umm...are you going to try some of this chocolate pudding? It's incredible.

M: Well, to be honest with you, I've never been a big fan of chocolate.

Q: What does the man imply?

18. W: So, how was the drama club's new production last night? Did I miss out on anything good?

M: Hardly, I kept looking at my watch the whole time.

Q：What does the man mean?

Now you'll hear two long conversations.

Conversation One

M: What are you doing?

W: I'm ordering some filing cabinets out of a catalog.

M: What do you need them for?

W: There's so much stuff piling up in my dormitory room. If I don't do something soon, I won't be able to move in there.

M: Do you usually order from a catalog?

W: Sometimes. Why?

M: Oh, it's just in the history class today we were talking about how the catalog sales business first got started in the USA Chicago retailer, Montgomery Ward started it in the late 1800s. It was really popular among farmers. It was difficult for them to make it to the big city stores so they ordered from catalogs.

W: Was Ward the only one in the business?

M: At first, but another person named Richard Sears started his own catalog after he heard how much money Ward was making.

W: What made them so popular?

M: Farmers trusted Ward and Sears for one thing. They delivered the products the farmers paid for and even refunded the price of things the farmers weren't satisfied with. The catalog became so popular, some counties school teachers even used them as textbooks.

W: Textbooks?

M: Yeah. Students practice spelling the names and adding up the prices of things in the catalogs.

W: Was everybody that excited about it?

M: That's doubtful. It is said they drove some small store owners out of business. Sears and Ward sold stuff in such large quantities. They were able to undercut the prices at some small family owned stores.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. Why was the woman reading a catalog?

20. Who were the main customers of Sears and Ward's business?

21. In what unusual ways were the catalogs used?

22. What was one of the negative effects of the catalog business?

Conversation Two

W: I'm not optimistic about finding a job after I finish college.

M: Oh? Why not?

W: The economy is going down-hill fast.

M: I know. What is this would coming to? It's getting to the point where even a degree won't help you anymore.

W: That's right. And the way things are going, I'll be lucky to even move out of my parents house.

M: I know what you mean. First they raised taxes, then they cut education, and the salaries haven't gone up in years-it's just one thing after another.

W: By the way, how's your business coming along?

M: Oh, it's getting there. Our sales are up only 2 percent, but it's a step in the right direction.

W: I remember when you opened 10 years ago you almost went bankrupt. The company certainly has come a long way.

M: Yeah, but it's got a long way to go. Say, maybe you'd like to come work for me!

W: Well, I'm not sure I want to work as a clothes-hanger inspector.

M: No, I mean as a manager.

W: That's more like it.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. What is the woman worrying about?

24. What do we know about the man's business from the conversation?

25. What will the woman most probably do after she graduates from college?

Section B

26. A 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. B

Passage One

Ok, so in our last class we were discussing big band swing music. You remember this was a kind of dance music with a steady rhythm. But today we deal with music played by smaller jazz bands. It's called bebop which may use all sorts of new types of rhythms; some of them are very irregular. We'll talk more about that later. But first I want to talk about some of the social elements that I believe contributed to the development of bebop music. To do this, we have to look at when bebop arose and started becoming so popular. It was from the late 1930s to the 1940s. The environment for bebop music was the decline of the US economy. During the great

depression the economy suffered tremendously. And fewer people had money to spend on entertainment. Then during the 2nd World War the government imposed a new tax on public entertainment, what you might call performance tax. The government collected money on performances that included any types of acting, dancing or singing, but not instrumental music. So to avoid this new tax, some jazz bands stopped using singers altogether. They started relying on the creativity of the instrumentalist to attract audiences. This was what bebop bands did. Now remember a lot of bands have singers. So the instrumentalists simply played in the background and had occasional solos while the singer sang the melody to the songs, but not with bebop bands. So the instrumentalists had much more freedom to be creative. They experimented, playing the music faster and using new irregular sorts of rhythms.

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. How did the bebop bands avoid the performance tax?

27. Why does the speaker mention the decline of the US economy during the great depression?

28. What does the speaker describe as a significant characteristic of bebop music?

Passage Two

Recently some researchers conducted an interesting case study in one ethic culture. The study was about the development of basket weaving by African-American women who lived in the town of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The town is known for its high quality sweet grass baskets which are woven by these women. They've been weaving the baskets for generations, handing down the skill from mother to daughter. Some of the baskets have been placed on permanent display at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

The origin of their basket weaving dates back to the 17th centuries and even earlier when these women's ancestors came to the United States from the west coast of Africa. Now, it's mainly a hobby. But back in the 17th and 18th centuries African and American women wove the baskets for use on the rice plantations. There were two types of baskets then: workbaskets and baskets for use in the home. The workbaskets were made out of the more delicate sweet grass. They were used for everything from fruit baskets to baby cradles.

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. What is the talk mainly about?

30. According to the passage, how did the women learn to weave baskets?

31. What is the main reason that the women in South Carolina now weave baskets?

Passage Three

Some of the most practical lessons coming out of research in psychology are in the area of memory. People ask, why can't I remember that term from the text book or when the library books are due? With a lot of people, memory may be weak, because they don't use it enough. It's like muscle.If you don't exercise it, it won't get strong. That's why it's important to keep our minds active, to keep on learning through our life. We can do this by reading, playing memory games and seeking things out. It's

my guess though that the lack of stimulation isn't a problem for students like you. More likely, the life you are now leading is so busy and stimulating that it may sometime interfere with learning. Information needs to be recorded from memory, in other words, learned. And for busy people like you and me, that will be a real problem. If we are distracted, or we are trying to think what we are going to do next, the incoming message just might not get recorded effectively. And that leads to the first tip for students who want to improve their memories. Give your full attention to the information you hope to retain. Research clearly shows the advantages of this, and also of active learning, of consciously trying to visualize a new fact, perhaps to make a mental picture, even a wild ridiculous one, so the new fact will stick in the memory. Let me illustrate that for you here a little more this evening.

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. What is the talk mainly about?

33. What does the speaker illustrate with the example of a muscle?

34. What does the speaker suggest students do to learn new information more effectively?

35. What will the speaker probably do next?

Section C

Graduate students often work as teaching assistants while they study in the United States. Teaching assistants (T.A.) may get money or get to take classes for (36) free, or both. A T.A. usually works about twenty hours each week. In some cases, the professors they assist have big (37) undergraduate classes with hundreds of students. The professor gives one or two (38) lectures a week, and teaching assistants (39) lead smaller discussions at other times. They also give tests, (40) grade work, provide laboratory assistance and meet with students who need help. And they have their own educations to think about.

Many states have (41) proposed to require that teaching assistants be able to speak English well enough for students to understand them. Universities have increased their (42) efforts to deal with this problem. Our example school this week is the University of Southern California (USC), in Los Angeles.The American Language Institute at USC provides (43) training to help international teaching assistants improve their English. (44) The university requires most non-native English speakers to pass a test before they can become a T.A.

The exam at USC is a fifteen-minute spoken test that involves two examiners. Students talk about their education and interest in the school. (45)Then they present some issue or idea from their area of study, and answer questions about it from the examiners. Those who do not score high enough on the test have to take classes to improve their English.(46) Until their English is better, some departments give them jobs that do not require them to communicate with students.

Part IVReading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)

Section A

47. F 名词后接形容词或分词短语作为后置定语是英语中常用的表达方法。选项中的capable常与介词of搭配，即具备什么样的能力。填入此处符合上下文逻辑。句子的意思是"自由经济产生一种能够为美国消费者提供世界上最大

和最多样化市场的技术（机制）"。

48. H 介词with后应该填入名词，前面讲到了"technological advances"，所以选progress与该处所述内容恰好呼应起来，即，伴随着发展也产生了一些问题。

49. E 不定式后面应填入动词。从句子的逻辑上看，应该填入evaluate，即产品的可信赖性、安全性和质量都很难评估。

50. O 填入名词。该段谈论消费者在自由经济的环境中所面临的状况，很多情况下消费者并不清楚生产商的终极产品使用了哪些材料，或者他们自己也弄不清楚自己选择一种产品而不选择另外一种产品是出于怎样的动机，填入motivation使上下文逻辑一致。

51. K 填入动词。前面讲到了现代市场唾手可得的信用和强大的技术手段，当然是诱使消费者购买超出他们能够负担得起的商品，因此填入afford。

52. M 形容词consequent（随之而来的）后应填入名词。前面已讲到现代市场的各种机制诱使消费者购买超越他们承受能力的商品，对于家庭来说这是一种超重的负担（overburdening），填入动名词overburdening符合题意。

53. L 填入形容词。该句提到一些家庭的预算如此吃紧，以至于一旦家庭遇上疾病、事业等危机，家庭储蓄就显得不足（without adequate reserves）。

54. B 填入形容词。由于and连接词性和词义平行的成分，所以选词应该与unfair一词相对应，很快选出deceptive（欺骗性的），即，消费者有时不得不面临不公平和欺骗性的商业实践。

55. I 名词后接形容词或分词短语，作为后置定语。该处填入designed 与句子后面laws enforced to在逻辑和结构上恰好相呼应，是指设计（制定）的法律，句子的意思是：虽然制定了旨在保护消费者的法律，但依然没有足够实施的法律来覆盖所有市场滥用的行为。

56. D 当when, if, once等连词引导的从句主语与主句主语一致时，从句主语省略，后面直接接分词形式。同时考生应该熟悉enter into an agreement或enter into a contract的用法。因此填入entering。

Section B

Passage One

57. D 细节理解题文章首句指出浪漫爱情是一种首先在工业社会中被发现的文化特征。在世界其他任何地方（elsewhere in the world），人们择偶往往是出于现实的考虑而非种种浪漫的幻想。因此，在非工业化国家浪漫爱情并不多见的原因当然是D"择偶过程中考虑更多的是现实问题"。

58. A 语义题eligible意为"符合条件的、合格的"，与qualified同义。从上下文意思看，美国上层阶层希望自己女儿嫁得"好"（marry well），随后破折号后面对"嫁得好"做了进一步解释，嫁给在家庭背景上和收入上都应该"符合条件或合适"的男子，因此，A项正确。D项influential意指有影响力的，逻辑上有一定道理，但是说在收入上具有影响力不是很说得通。

59. B 细节理解题文章第一段最后一句提到"大部分美国人把浪漫爱情看作是成功婚姻的必备因素（Most Americans, however, see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage）"，由此可见，B项"把浪漫爱情看作是成功婚姻的基础"正确。

60. C 定义题本题考查考生对浪漫爱情的理解。第二段解释了浪漫爱情这种情感现象，这种现象是两个人相遇并且彼此吸引（personally and physically

attractive），彼此专情（mutually absorbed），因此C项正确。

61. C 作者观点题本题考查作者的观点。作者在最后一段第二句指出"但是，一个婚姻同样可以建立在更为现实考虑的基础上（But a marriage can equally well be founded on more practical considerations）"，由此可见C项正确。

Passage Two

62. A 细节理解题作者在文章第一段逐一列举了使用"renaissance"一词的研究者们，"renaissance"一词最初是由一个叫Jules Michele的历史学者所使用，然后为文化史学者们所采用，接着是艺术史学者，最后（eventually）终于被音乐史学者们所采用，"eventually"一词的使用表明音乐史学者们是在其他的史学者之后采用"renaissance"一词的，因此，A项正确。

63. D 语义题"frown on"为固定搭配，意指"对......皱眉头；对......不认同"，符合上下文意思，指"人们不再反感感官上的享受等"。因此，D项正确。

64. C 细节理解题文章在第一段论述"文艺复兴对于这些文艺复兴的学者们来说是一种人的本性的回归（a return to human）"，（人的）自我实现是一个理想的目标（Fulfillment is a desirable goal），表达自我情感和随心所欲地享受生活也不再不被认同（...and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasure of the senses were no longer frowned on），由此可见C项"文化上强调人的价值"正确。

65. B 细节理解题文艺复兴时代的音乐不能像古代音乐那样"歌以咏志"，去影响人的行为，因此当时的史学者们就想知道为什么他们的音乐不能具有古代音乐的效果。随即用Cirillo举例，他表达了对当时音乐的不满，原因当然是当时的音乐不能影响听众，因此B项正确。

66. D 细节推论题文章在最后一段谈到了"我们无从定义一种单一的文艺复兴的（音乐）风格"，并在前面给出了原因，即，音乐变化太快（music changed so rapidly），由此可以推导出D项"在文艺复兴期间，音乐从没有长时间的保持一种风格"正确。

Part V Cloze

67. B 主句和从句是因果关系，应选择表示因果关系的连词，即"因为离家太远，所以他们被迫自己安排午餐"。as这里作"因为"讲。

68. C 注意as引导从句的too...to结构，即，离家太远无法回家吃午饭，选择介词for符合此意，go back for lunch: 回家吃午饭。

69. A make arrangement for是固定搭配，意即："对......作安排"。

70. A 前面已经提及大公司餐厅，随即再介绍这些餐厅的情况，应该选择指示形容词such（那样的，如此的）；如果选same，那么空格前应该有定冠词the，而且不符合上下文意思。

71. D 本题依靠上下文逻辑做题。食堂里面供应的饭菜多是"大锅饭"，虽比较简单，但还算充足。因此D项"充足的"正确。

72. B variety of为固定搭配，意为"不同种类"，在这里指就餐的人可以有不同的选择。A项difference用在这里指选择不同。而文章实质是强调有不同的饭菜可供选择，而并不是强调选择的不同。

73. C 主语是number，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数。

74. A 选择from是指就餐的人从营业窗口（柜台）自己拿盘子。

75. B 前面讲到就餐人员自己从柜台取饭菜，当然是指从为他们提供服务的柜台拿。因此选择served。

76. C 简单定语从句。tray的意思是托盘，那么当然是在托盘上（on which 即在托盘上）。

77. A and用于连接列举的几个并列的、托盘上所放的东西。

78. C consist of固定表达，意为"由几部分组成"。

79. A with fruit，即主食（meat and two vegetables）加上水果。

80. B 此处of与名词连用，表示具有某种性质、状态，作后置定语，a pudding of some sort as dessert意为"作为饭后甜点的某种布丁"。some sort意为"某种"。

81. D 选择provide，意思是"没有餐厅的公司会提供（provide）餐券"。

82. B in place of意为"代替"，文中的意思是"用餐券代替现金"。

83. C at work为固定搭配，意为"在工作中的"。

84. D 这里只表示一种可能性。因此选择may表示一顿饭可能会花掉的钱数目不等。

85. A depending on除了表示"依赖于"，还可以表示"取决于"，这里表示"取决于选择的饭店和食物"。

86. A 这里在逻辑上表示递进关系。因此选择moreover（而且）。

Part VI Translation

87. They had much in common (虽然他们有很多共同之处)，but they never became true friends.

88. The talk promotes the mutual understanding of the two sides/parties(促进了双方的彼此了解).

89. The applicants for the positions (who are) aged from 18 to 22/ ranging from 18 to 22 in age (年龄在18岁到22岁不等) are mostly interested in the training opportunities promised in the want ads.

90. We will make the deal strictly subject to/ in strict accordance with the items written in the contract(严格依据合同条款).

91. Sometimes patients suffering from severe pains (承受剧痛的病人) can be helped by "drugs" that aren't drugs at all but rather sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.

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2009年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析

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