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剑桥商务英语中级课文讲解 Unit 1

Unit 1a Teamwork

Assessing teams

Reading 2 (P8)

1. polish adjective

波兰的

2. subsidiary noun

子公司

3. be poles apart

be poles apart = be widely separated相距甚远

poles apart 是一个惯用表达，意为“完全相反”、“大相径庭”；同时Poles又指波兰人。题目No longer Poles apart 是一个双关语(pun)

e.g. The employers and the trade union leaders are still poles apart. 雇主们与工会领袖们的意见仍然相差太远。

4. President noun

President (AmE) / Chairman (BrE) 总裁，董事长

CEO (Chief Executive Officer) / MD (Managing Director) 总经理

5. SA

系法语Societe Anonym、意大利语Societa Anonima和西班牙语Sociedad Anonima的简称，均译为“股份公司”

6. acquire1verb

1关于收购兼并，英语里有几个词都表达这一概念，但意义略有不同。merger 和consolidation 都指“合并”，但merger （兼并）指的是出价公司 A 收购目标公司 B ，合并成一个公司 A ，也称“吸收合并”；consolidation 指两公司A、B 合并创立新公司C ，也称“创立合并”。Acquisition （购并），指一家公司全部或部分买下另一家公司，取得所有权；takeover （接管，收购），包括三种形式：acquisition（购并）、proxy contest （收购委托书）和going private （私有化）。收购通常分为两种：善意收购（friendly takeover）和恶意收购（hostile takeover）。善意收购是指确定目标后，出价公司首先与目标公司接触，取得对方同意并谈判收购条件，最后达成一致意见而完成收购活动，善意收购有助于减低收购行动的成本和风险，使双方充分沟通，但购并时间较长，出价公司可能会牺牲部分价值。恶意收购又叫敌意收购，是指出价公司在收购目标公司股权时，虽然面对强烈抗拒，却依然强行收购；或出价公司事先不与目标公司接触和协商，而突然提出公开出价收购。恶意收购的好处在于出价公司可以完成处于主动位置，而且行动迅速，时间短，但风险较大。当事人双方采用各种攻防策略，通过收购、反收购的激烈战斗完成的收购行为，以强烈的对抗性为其基本特征。在市场经济条件下，公司为扩大自己的实力，改善自己的经营结构或吃掉自己的竞争对手，往往需要通过收购和兼并其他公司的方针，来扩大自己的实力。而在一般情况下，目标公司原来的大股东及经营管理人员是不愿意放弃自己对公司的控制权，不愿意看到公司被人控制、兼并。因而进攻性公司与目标公司围绕收购与反收购、兼并与反兼并展开激烈的斗争往往难以避免，从而使敌意收购成为股市中一种常见的收购方式。

就恶意收购来看，主要有两种方法，第一种是狗熊式拥抱(Bear Hug)，第二种则是狙击式公开购买。狗熊式拥抱，是一种主动的、公开的要约。收购方允诺以高价收购目标公司的股票，董事会出于义务必须要把该要约向全体股东公布，而部分股东往往为其利益所吸引而向董事会施压要求其接受报价。在协议收购失败后，狗熊式拥抱的方法往往会被采用。而事实上，对于一家其管理部门并不愿意公司被收购的目标公司来说，狗熊式拥抱不失为最有效的一种收购方法。一个CEO可以轻而易举得回绝收购公司的要约，但是狗熊式拥抱迫使公司的董事会对此进行权衡，因为董事有义务给股东最丰厚的回报，这是股东利益最大化所要求的。所以，与其说狗熊式拥抱是一种恶意收购，不如说它更可以作为一种股东利益的保障并能有效促成该收购行为。但是，股东接受恶意收购也不排除其短期行为的可能性，其意志很可能与公司的长期发展相违背。目标公司在发展中，其既得的人力资源、供销系统以及信用能力等在正常轨道上的运营一旦为股东短期获利动机打破，企业的业绩势必会有所影响。狙击式公开购买，一般指在目标公司经营不善而出现问题或在股市下跌的情况下，收购方与目标公司既不做事先的沟通，也没有警示，而直接在市场上展开收购行为。狙击式公开购买包括标购、股票收购及投票委托书收购等形式。所谓标购就是指收购方不直接向目

acquire 原意为获得占有，在商务语篇中指并购收购吞并

acquisition n. 通过收购吞并而获得

merge v. (merger n.) 兼并并购

7. investment noun

投资major/massive/sizeable investment

invest verb

8. take something ? over phrasal verb

接受，接管to take control of something ，在这一上下文中也有收购并购的意思

e.g. His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.

9. Warsaw-based

总部位于华沙

10. toiletries noun [plural]

日化用品指用于个人梳洗或化妆的的物品如牙膏梳子香皂等等things such as soap and toothpaste that are used for cleaning yourself ，本文中指生产这类产品的工厂或公司。

11.turnover noun

(1) [singular, uncountable] [British English] the amount of business done during a particular period营业额

turnover of

(2) [singular, uncountable] the rate at which people leave an organization and are replaced by others 员工流动的比率

staff /labor turnover

e.g. a high degree of labor turnover among women

12. business noun

做可数名词指“工商企业、公司”意同company, firm 。

e.g. The majority of small businesses go broke within the first 24 months. 最初的两年里大部分的小公司都破产了。

做不可数名词指“生意、商业”

13. brand noun

牌子，型号brand = make

e.g. What make is your car?

14. in spite of

不管,尽管

15. approach verb

(1) 接近[intransitive and transitive] to move towards or nearer to someone or something

e.g. She heard footsteps approaching. 她听见脚步声越来越近。

(2) 询问，接洽[transitive] to ask someone for something, or ask them to do something, especially when you are asking them for the first time or when you are not sure if they will do it approach somebody for something

e.g. Students should be able to approach teachers for advice. 学生可以找到老师询问建议。approach somebody/something about (doing) something

标公司董事会发出收购要约，而是直接以高于该股票市价的报价，向目标公司股东进行招标的收购行为。而股票收购则指收购方先购买目标公司的一定额度内的股票，（通常是在国家要求的公告起点内，我国为5%）然后再考虑是否增持股份以继续收购行为。投票委托书收购系收购目标公司中小股东的投票委托书，以获得公司的控制权以完成收购的目的。狙击式公开购买最初通常是隐蔽的，在准备得当后才开始向目标公司发难。一般来说，采用这种手段针对的是公司股权相对分散或公司股价被明显低估的目标公司

e.g. The charity approached several stores about giving food aid. 这家慈善机构与多家商店接洽，希望他们给与食物援助。

e.g. I have already been approached by several other companies (= offered a job, work etc). 已经有几家公司与我接洽。

(3) 处理解决（问题）[transitive] to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude

approach a problem/task/matter etc

e.g. It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way. 处理相同问题可以采用不同的解决办法。

approach noun

方法[countable] a method of doing something or dealing with a problem

approach to

e.g. a new approach to teaching languages 一种新的语言教学方法

e.g. He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-telling. 他决定采用一种不同方法，即通过讲故事的方法来教授圣经。

16. regulation and control

规范与控制

17. take somebody/something ? on phrasal verb

(1) take somebody ? on

招募，雇用to start to employ someone

e.g. We’re taking on 50 new staff this year. 我们今年招募了50名新员工。

(2) take something ? on

承担工作或职责to agree to do some work or be responsible for something

e.g. Don’t take on too much work– the extra cash isn’t worth it. 不要给自己太多的工作量了，多挣的那些钱一点也不值。

(3) take something ? on

显示出来展现出来to begin to have a particular quality or appearance

e.g. Her face took on a fierce expression. 他的脸上露出凶残的表情。

e.g. His life had taken on a new dimension. 他的生活展现出全新的一面。

18. be (held) accountable (to someone) for something

就某事对某人负有责任

e.g. They should be held accountable for their acts. 他们应当对自己的行动负责

19. bring somebody/something ? in phrasal verb

(1) 颁布一项新法律to introduce a new law

e.g. Harsh Anti-Trade Union laws were brought in the early 1980s. 严厉的反工会法于80年代早期颁布。

(2) 聘请to ask someone to become involved in a discussion or situation

e.g. I’d like to bring in Doctor Hall here and ask him his views. 我想聘请Hall博士来这里并询问他的意见。

e.g. The police were brought in to investigate the matter. 他们把警方请来，调查此事。

(3) 产生收益to earn a particular amount or produce a particular amount of profit

e.g. The sale of the house only brought in about ￡45,000. 这栋房子只卖了4万5千英镑。

(4) 吸引to attract customers to a shop or business

e.g. We’ve got to bring in more business if we want the restaurant to survive. 我们如果想要让这家饭馆继续生存下去，我们就必须吸引更多人。

20. expatriate noun

移居国外的人[countable] someone who lives in a foreign country

e.g. British expatriates living in Spain

expatriate adjective [only before noun]移居国外的；

e.g. expatriate workers

21. sales staff

销售人员sales staff = sales force

22. consultant noun

咨询人员[countable] someone whose job is to give advice on a particular subject

e.g. a management consultant

consultancy noun

(1) 咨询公司[countable] a company that gives advice on a particular subject

[plural] consultancies

e.g. a management consultancy

e.g. a consultancy firm

(2) 咨询公司的建议[uncountable] advice that a company is paid to provide 咨询公司的建议

e.g. consultancy fees

23. work on somebody/something phrasal verb

做某事，致力于某事，从事某方面的工作to spend time working in order to produce or repair something or to try very hard to improve or achieve something

e.g. He has spent the last two years working on a book about childcare. 他用了两年的时间撰写了一本关于育儿的书籍。

e.g. Every weekend you see him working on his car. 每个周末你可以看见他修理自己的汽车。

e.g. A trainer has been brought in to work on her fitness. 她请来了一个培训师，帮她锻炼身体。work on doing something

e.g. We need to work on ensuring that the children feel safe and confident. 我们需要不断努力确保孩子们感到安全和自信

24. participant noun

参加者

participate in something 参加

25. come up with phrasal verb

(1) 产生；发现（解决办法；答案）想出主意，出点子to think of an idea, answer etc 这个词组习惯上不用被动态

e.g. We’ve been asked to come up with some new ideas. 领导让我们想出新主意。

e.g. I hope you can come up with a better plan. 我希望你能想出一个更好的计划。

(2) 筹措钱[informal] to produce an amount of money

e.g. We wanted to buy the house but we couldn’t come up with the cash. 我们想要买这栋房子，但是我们已是筹措不到这笔钱。

26. electric adjective

惊人的；令人兴奋的making people feel very excited

e.g. The atmosphere in the courtroom was electric. 法庭里的气氛令人振奋。

27. throw light on something phrasal verb

提供线索情况，帮助说明某事物；供给新知识to make something easier to understand by providing new information

e.g. Recent investigations have thrown new light on how the two men died. 最近的调查给解释这两个人的死因带了新说法。

*light n.见解

28. profit noun

利润[uncountable and countable]money that you gain by selling things or doing business, after your costs have been paid 反义词loss

e.g. They sold their house at a healthy profit. 他们的房子卖了个高价钱。

e.g. The property company made a huge profit on the deal. 这家房地产公司在这次交易中赚了一大笔钱。

sell something at a profit (at a loss) 赚钱（赔本）出售某物

29. put something ? on phrasal verb

(1) 穿衣服to put a piece of clothing on your body 反义词take off

(2) 化妆to put make-up, cream etc on your skin

e.g. I’ve got to put this cream on twice a day.

(3) 播放音乐，上演to put a record, tape, or CD into a machine and start playing it or to arrange for a concert, play etc to take place, or to perform in it

e.g. She put on some music while they ate.

e.g. One summer the children put on a play.

(4) 增重to become fatter and heavier 同义词gain

Rosie’s put on five kilos since she quit smoking.

30. workplace noun

工作场所[countable] the room, building etc where you work

in the workplace

e.g. a report into discrimination in the workplace 一份关于工作场所歧视问题的报告marketplace noun

[countable]

(1) the marketplace 交流或竞争的场所the part of business activity that is concerned with buying and selling goods in competition with other companies

e.g. Some retailers worry that new regulations will hurt their ability to compete in the marketplace. 一些零售商担忧新的法规颁布后会损害它们在市场上的竞争力。

(2) 集市an open area in a town where a market is held

31. accommodation noun

住宿[uncountable] also [accommodations] [American English] a place for someone to stay, live, or work

e.g. The price for the holiday includes flights and accommodation. 这个度假的价格包括机票钱和住宿费。

e.g. Universities have to provide student accommodation for first-year students.

32. returns noun

(1) 商务英语中return 可作“盈利”、“收益”、“回报”解，多数情况下用复数，同义词payoff

e.g. small profits and quick returns 薄利多销

e.g. business returns 营业收入

(2) 商务英语中return 还作“退货”解，此时只能用复数

e.g. He began working on his salesman samples, sorting out broken packages and returns. 他开始整理他的那些推销货样，把包装破损的和退回来的拣出来。

33. review noun

回顾报告[countable] a report on a series of events or a period of time, that mentions the most important parts

review of

e.g. a review of the year

34. measure somebody/something against somebody/something phrasal verb

通过对比评价某人/某物to judge someone or something by comparing them with another person or thing

e.g. Measured against our budget last year, $2.7 million seems small. 与我们去年的预算相比，今年270万美元的预算就显得数额太少了。

35. set the target

制定目标

*target noun 目标, 同义词objective, goal 和aim

36. enthusiastic adjective

热心的；热情洋溢的feeling or showing a lot of interest and excitement about something enthusiastic about (doing) something

All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.

enthusiasm noun 热心，热爱

37. set up training courses

举办、组织培训课程

38. contribute verb

(1) 捐助，捐献[intransitive and transitive] to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in

contribute (substantially/significantly/greatly etc)to/towards

contribute (substantially/significantly/greatly etc) something to/towards something

e.g. The volunteers contribute their own time to the project. 志愿人员奉献自己的时间致力于这项工作。

(2) 导致[intransitive]to help to make something happen

e.g. Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses. 压力是许多疾病致病因素。

contribute (substantially/significantly/greatly etc) to

e.g. Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US. 酒精饮品每年在美国会导致10万人死亡。

(3) 撰写[intransitive and transitive] to write articles, stories, poems etc for a newspaper or magazine

Arranging a course

Reading 1 (P9)

1. cosmetics noun

化妆品[plural] creams, powders etc that you use on your face and body in order to look more attractive

cosmetic adjective

(1) 装饰性的，表面的dealing with the outside appearance rather than the important part of something

e.g. These changes in the law are purely cosmetic and do nothing to deal with the real problem.

法律条文上的这些变动纯粹是摆摆样子的,根本不能解决实际问题

(2) 美容的intended to make your hair, skin, body etc look more attractive

e.g. the cosmetic industry 美容行业

e.g. cosmetic products 美容产品

e.g. cosmetic cream 美容霜

(3) 整容的

2. Inc.

Inc. = Incorporated股份有限公司

*Co. = company

*Ltd. = limited

*Corp. = corporation n. 公司, 企业, 【美】有限公司,

*plc. = public limited company 上市公司

3. profile noun

(1) 侧面像[countable] a side view of someone’s head

e.g. Danni has a lovely profile. Danni 从侧面看真漂亮。

(2) 简介；个性及生平的简要描述a short description that gives important details about a person,

a group of people, or a place

e.g. a job profile 工作简介

(3) 知名度

high profile 高知名度

e.g. The star has a high profile in Britain. 这位明星在英国拥有很高的知名度。

keep a low profile

保持低调to behave quietly and avoid doing things that will make people notice you

r aise somebody’s profile

提升知名度if a person or an organization raises its profile, it gets more attention from the public e.g. an advertising camp aign designed to raise the bank’s profile 一个旨在提高银行知名度的广告

4. commence verb

开始，着手[intransitive and transitive] formal to begin or to start something

e.g. Work will commence on the new building immediately. 新楼的开工将马上进行。commence with

e.g. The course commences with a one week introduction to Art Theory. 这门课一开始时会有为期一周的艺术理论入门课。

commence doing something

e.g. The planes commenced bombing at midnight. 飞机在子夜24点时开始攻击。

5. a survival course 拓展课程

an assault course 体能训练课程[countable] British English an area of land with special equipment to climb, jump over, run through etc that is used for developing physical strength, especially by soldiers 原意指(士兵的)野战训练场

6. seminar2noun [countable]

(1) 研讨课a class at a university or college for a small group of students and a teacher to study or discuss a particular subject

e.g. a Shakespeare seminar

(2) 研讨会a class on a particular subject, usually given as a form of training

e.g. Publishers and writers from 13 countries attended the seminar.

workshop noun [countable]

(1) 车间a room or building where tools and machines are used for making or repairing things

(2) 研讨课a meeting at which people try to improve their skills by discussing their experiences and doing practical exercises

e.g. w riters’/drama/music etc workshop

e.g. They held a number of workshops and seminars.

7. asap

asap = as soon as possible 尽快

Speaking 3 (P10)

1. outdoor events

户外活动

2. increase(raise) awareness of

提高意识

3. complementary adjective

互补的；互相补足的complementary things go well together, although they are usually different e.g. The computer and the human mind have different but complementary abilities.

21. Meeting 会议：是各类人为了某一目的进行聚会的通用总体称谓。它的最初意思是指与某人见面或聚首。在这里的意思是：如果有多于两个的人聚集到一起谈话和讨论，这种活动行为被称为会议。由于会议的定义相当广泛所以很难清晰的区分，它意指各类聚集，有准备或无准备的，正式或非正式的，时间可长可短，规模可大可小，参加人数可多可少等等。为了明确会议种类，因此会议名称需要进一步划分。

2. Conference 是指正式的会议，通常持续几天，有一个特定的主题，将有共同爱好目的的人聚集到一起，在讨论会上经常发生正规讨论。相比较而言，讨论会一般是指特殊专业或学术活动。与congress比，规模较小，但涵义较高，信息交换较易。

3. Symposium 它的复数形式为Symposiums 或者Symposia。专指特殊学术讨论的集会。某种特定领域的专家，学者和与会者探讨一个特定的主题。与Conference相比较，Symposium一般更狭义特指某一范围。在规模上专题会比Conference小，类似forum，但参与人数较多，会期2-3天，而且较正式。

4. Congress 基本特点是由专属国家的，政府或非政府组织的代表或委员参加。它的举办是为了讨论争端，计划和公众利益。通常规模大，有代表性，范围广。举例说明：第二届世界妇女大会由联合国举办，有来自世界各地的两万名代表出席。

5. Convention 是一种例行会议，大量聚集人群讨论其组织和政团事务。例如每年的联合国大会，两年一次的金属协会会议。通常由博学的社团，专业学术协会或非政府组织主办。参加者是依指示参加，目的是为了组织特定目的或商讨政策等，convention有时会附带小型分组展览。

6. Forum 论坛：实际上是一种公众集会，在那里人们交换思想，讨论问题，特别是重要的公众问题。举例：亚洲经济论坛会。

7. Lecture 演讲：仅由一位专家来作报告，报告后不一定会接受观众的提问。

8. Seminar 学术会议：通常是类似课堂的会议，一群专家藉一次或一系列集会来达到训练或进修的目的。不同于一般情况的会议，主要由发言者演示，同时其它的人先听之后参与讨论或发问。在这种意义上，一个学术会议可看成演讲加讨论--讨论通常跟在演讲后面。

9. Workshop 研习会：由几个人进行密集讨论的集会，通常需当场作练习，如：国际礼仪、站姿等等。

10. Colloquium 学习报告：是seminar 的一种正式用法。通常指大型的学术会议分小组讨论。邀请某一领域的专家，专业人士参加，与会者将表示他们在特定领域的思想和看法，属于非正式不定期会议。

11. Panel Discussion 座谈：座谈成员是一群专家，对于专门课题提出观点再进行座谈，并且有一位主持人。

12. Assembly 集会：正式的全体集会，参加者以组织成员为主，固定时间及地点定期举行。

complementary to

4. expert noun

专家

expertise noun [uncountable]

专长special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training technical/financial/medical etc expertise

What he’s bringing to the company is financial expertise. 他带给公司的是金融方面的专长。5. dynamic noun

(1) 影响力[plural] the way in which things or people behave, react, and affect each other

e.g. the dynamics of the family 家庭的影响力

e.g. He did research on group dynamics and leadership styles. 他从事团队影响力以及领导风格的研究。

(2) 动力学[uncountable] the science relating to the movement of objects and the forces involved in movement

6. specialize verb

专长于[intransitive] to limit all or most of your study, business etc to a particular subject or activity

specialize in

e.g. Simmons specialized in contract law. Simmons 擅长合同法。

7.board game noun

用棋盘玩的游戏an indoor game played on a specially designed board made of thick card or wood (Chinese checkers 中国跳棋)

8. simulation noun

模仿、模拟

simulate verb

伪装，假装；模仿，模拟[transitive] to make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance or feeling of being real

e.g. a machine that simulates conditions in space 一台模仿太空条件的机器

e.g. Interviews can be simulated in the classroom. 面试可以在教室中进行模拟训练。

9. mania noun

(1) 强烈的愿望，狂热[uncountable and countable] a strong desire for something or interest in something, especially one that affects a lot of people at the same time 同义词craze

mania for

religious/football/disco etc mania

e.g. Keep-fit mania has hit some of the girls in the office. 健身热潮已经席卷了办公室中很多女孩。

(2) 狂躁症medical a serious mental illness

Unit 1b Communication

Keeping in touch

Reading 2 (P11)

1. executive noun 执行者, 经理主管人员

2. he may well reply…

这里面的well 做副词，表示“在很大程度上”、“远远地”

e.g. He is well past forty. 他已经四十好几了。

e.g. He sat well back in his chair. 他在椅子上坐得很靠后。

3. corporate adjective 公司的

e.g. The company is moving its corporate headquarters (= main offices) from New York to Houston. 这家公司将公司总部从纽约搬到了休斯敦。

the corporate culture (= the way that people in a corporation think and behave) 公司文化corporately adverb

4. dominance noun

优势, 统治[uncountable] the fact of being more powerful, more important, or more noticeable than other people or things

e.g. political/economic/cultural etc dominance 政治、经济、文化统治

e.g. the economic and political dominance of Western countries 西方国家在经济和政治上的绝对优势

e.g. television’s dominance over other media 电视在媒体中的统治地位

dominate verb

5.exceed verb

超越, 胜过[transitive] [formal] to be more than a particular number or amount or to go beyond what rules or laws say you are allowed to do

e.g. Working hours must not exceed 42 hours a week. 工作小时数不能超过42小时。

e.g. His performance exceeded our expectations. 他的表现超过了我们对他的期待。

e.g. He was fined for exceeding the speed limit. 由于超速，他被罚款。

6. bilingual adjective

能说两种语言的

7. consistently adverb

持续地，连续地

consistent adjective

连续的，持续的always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval 反义词inconsistent

consistent in

e.g. We need to be consistent in our approach. 我们必须在方法上保持连贯。

e.g. a consistent improvement in the country's economy 该国经济持续改善

8. overestimate3verb

3over-含有“过分”、“过于”的意思，其他例子包括oversleep 睡过头，overheat 加热温度过高，overact 举止行动过分；与此相反的前缀是under- 表示“过低”、“低于”，例如under-act 表演不充分，underfeed 喂食太少。

(1) 过高评价[transitive] to think something is better, more important etc than it really is 反义词underestimate

e.g. He tends to overestimate his own abilities. 他总是想过高地评价自己的能力。

(2) 过高地估算to guess an amount or value that is too high

e.g. Most patients overestimated how long they had had to wait to see a doctor. 许多病人都过高地估计了需要等待看医生看病的时间。

estimate noun

(1) 计算[countable] a calculation of the value, size, amount etc of something

e.g. a rough estimate (=not an exact calculation) of how much time we'll need 粗略的估算我们需要的时间

e.g. The figure will only be about two million, less than half the original estimate. 这个数值只有2百万左右，比原先的计算少一半还要多。

(2) 修理、建设估价表a statement of how much it will probably cost to build or repair something The garage said they’d send me an estimate for the work. 汽车修理行说他们会给我寄来一份修车估价表。

9. assume verb

(1) 估计[transitive]to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof

e.g. I didn’t see your car, so I assumed you’d gone out. 我没有看见你的车，所以我估计你已经走了。

(2) 假设to be based on the idea that something else is correct

e.g. The theory assumes that both labor and capital are mobile. 这个理论假设劳动力和资金可以移动。

it is/seems reasonable to assume (that)

e.g. I think we can safely assume (= it is almost certain) that interest rates will go up again soon. 我认为我们可以非常放心地预计利率会很快上调。

assume control / responsibility etc

实施控制、承担责任[formal] to start to have control, responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or job

e.g. Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters. 不管他们谁被任命，他们都会继续承担所有财政上的责任。

e.g. Jim will assume the role of managing director. Jim 将会担任总经理一职。

10. adapt verb

(1) （使）适应；（使）适合[intransitive and transitive] to gradually change your behavior and attitudes in order to be successful in a new situation

e.g. The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school. 孩子们觉得适应新学校很困难。adapt yourself / itself etc (to something)

e.g. How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments? 这些昆虫是怎样适应新环境的？

(2) 调整[transitive] to change something to make it suitable for a different purpose

adapt something to do something

e.g. The car has been adapted to take unleaded gas. 这辆车被改装成一辆可以加装无铅汽油的车辆。

adapt something for somebody

e.g. These teaching materials can be adapted for older children. 这些教学资料可以改编后让大一些的孩子们使用。

(3) 改编[transitive usually passive] if a book or play is adapted for film, television etc, it is changed so that it can be made into a film, television programme etc

be adapted for something

e.g. Many children buy books after they have been adapted for television.这本书改编成电视剧之后有很多儿童纷纷购买此书。

11. simplify verb

让….更简单[transitive] to make something easier or less complicated

e.g. an attempt to simplify the tax system 针对简化税收体系而做出的努力

e.g. The law needs to be simplified. 法律应该更被简化。

e.g. a simplified version of the game 一个简化版本的游戏

12.over-complicate verb

让情况或问题过于复杂

complicate

to make a problem or situation more difficult 让问题或情况更困难

e.g. The situation is complicated by the fact that I’ve got to work late on Friday. 我周五必须要工作到很晚这一事实让情况更为复杂。

13.chunk noun

(1) 短而厚的一块（肉、木头等）[countable] a large thick piece of something that does not have

e.g. an even shape ice chunks 冰块

e.g. a chunk of bread 一块面包

(2) 一大部分a large part or amount of something

e.g. The rent takes a large chunk out of my monthly salary. 租金花掉了我月薪中的绝大部分。

e.g. A huge chunk of the audience got up and left before the end of the show. 绝大多数观众都在演出结束之前起身走了。

14. limit themselves to…

“把…限制在…”其中to是介词。

e.g. As the supply of tea is running short, we must limit each person to one cup. 由于茶水供应不足，每个人只限一杯。

15. idiomatic adjective

惯用的, 合乎语言习惯的

16. get down to something phrasal verb

精心做事to start doing something that is difficult or needs a lot of time or energy

e.g. It’s time we got down to work. 该是我们工作的时间了。

get down to doing something

e.g. I always find it hard to get down to revising. 我总觉得修改起来很困难。

17. understate verb

有意轻描淡写，保守地说[transitive] to describe something in a way that makes it seem less important or serious than it really is 反义词overstate

e.g. The press has tended to understate the extent of the problem. 平面媒体想轻描淡写地说明问题的波及面。

18. worst of all

“最糟糕的是”

e.g. Worst of all, he had no hope of shaking her resolution. 最糟糕的是，他没有指望能动摇她的决心。

19. insist verb

insist on / upon something / doing something; insist that 坚持，坚决要求

persist in something / doing something; 此时意义与insist on 相同，但是persist that 引导从句词义发生变化，表示“坚持说”、“反复说”

e.g. He persisted that he was innocent of the crime. 他坚持说自己没犯这罪。

20. specific4adjective

(1) 某一具体的事情、人或团体[only before noun] a specific thing, person, or group is one particular thing, person, or group

e.g. games suitable for specific age-groups 专门适合某年龄组的游戏

(2) 具体的detailed and exact

e.g. Mr. Howarth gave us very specific instructions. Howarth给我们非常具体的指示。Specific about

e.g. Could you be more specific about what you’re looking for? 你能把你正在找的东西说得更具体些吗？

21. majority noun

多数, 大半反义词minority

great/vast/overwhelming majority of something (= almost all of a group)

be in the majority

e.g. a majority of 500

22. insensitive adjective

不敏感的，不注意的，

insensitive to

e.g. She’s totally insensitive to Jack’s feelings. 她一点也不注意Jack 的感觉。

e.g. Companies that are insensitive to global changes will lose sales. 那些对国际变化不敏感的公司最终会丧失销售业绩。

e.g. The service is insensitive to the needs of local people. 这项服务对当地人们的需求丝毫也不关注。

e.g. insensitive to pain 对疼痛不敏感

23. rely on / upon phrasal verb

依赖，依靠to trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do rely on somebody / something （接名词或者代词）

e.g. She relies on her parents for tuition. 她的学费依赖于父母。

e.g. Many people now rely on the Internet for news. 许多人现在借用英特网来浏览新闻。

rely on somebody / something to do something（接不定式）

e.g. Many working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children. 许多工作妇女依赖她们的亲戚帮助她们照看自己的小孩。

rely on / upon 接复合结构

e.g. Don’t rely on me/me helping you.

24. cross-cultural adjective

跨文化的[only before noun] belonging to or involving two or more different societies, countries, or cultures

4-specific 做合成词成分含有“特有的”、“限定的”之意，例如species-specific 物种特异的

e.g. cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流

25. evaluation noun

评价，评估[uncountable and countable] a judgment about how good, useful, or successful something is 同义词assessment

e.g. We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system. 我们需要对这套新体系做出一个正确的评价。

e.g. They took some samples of products for evaluation. 他们取出一些产品的样本作评估。evaluate verb

评价，评估[transitive] to judge how good, useful, or successful something is 同义词assess e.g. You should be able to evaluate your own work. 你应该能够评价自己的工作。

新视角unit4课文翻译

UNIT 4 What Is Happiness? 1、The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite which way it ran. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to being well deceived.” The felic i ty of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift say society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals. 自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。乔纳森?斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是“鬼迷心窍的上当，”是“骗子堆中的傻瓜”的自鸣得意。因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。 2、It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to heaven when we possess enough. 当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。 3、And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising is one of our major

Unit 2 课文翻译

能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话的智能汽车？还能自动驾驶？这听起来或许像是在做梦，但计算机革命正致力于把这一切变为现实。智能汽车 1 Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution. 即便是过去70年间基本上没有多少变化的汽车工业，也将感受到计算机革命的影响。 2 The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century. There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people. Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the world's biggest manufacturing industry. 汽车工业是20世纪最赚钱、最有影响力的产业之一。目前世界上有5亿辆车，或者说每10人就有1辆车。汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制造业。 3 The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to tomorrow's "smart cars" will be sensors. "We'll see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act," predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporation's ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future. 汽车及其行驶的道路，将在21世纪发生重大变革。未来“智能汽车”的关键在于传感器。“我们会见到能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话并能采取行动的车辆与道路，”正在设计未来智能汽车和智能道路的通用汽车公司ITS项目的技术主任比尔?斯普雷扎预言道。 4 Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we don't even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore. Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk

BEC中级口试题目和的答案解析归纳

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八上英语unit4 课文原文

unit4 A: Hi, I'm Greg. I'm new in town. B: Hi, I'm Helen. Welcome to the neighborhood! How do you like it so far? A: It's fantastic, but I still don't really know my way around. B: Well, the best supermarket is on Center Street. You can buy the freshest food there. A: Oh, great. Is there a cinema around here? I love watching movies. B: Yes, Sun Cinema is the newest one. You can sit most comfortably because they have the biggest seats. A: Thanks for telling me. B: No problem. unit4 Who's Got Talent? Everyone is good at something, but some people are truly talented. It's always interesting to watch other people show their talents. Talent shows are getting more and more popular. First, there were shows like American Idol and American's Got Talent. Now, there are similar shows around the world , such as China's Got Talent. All these shows have one thing in common: They try to look for the best singers, the most talented dancers, the most exciting magicians, the

unit4_硕士英语综合教程_课文翻译

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