全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2unit7

Unit 7 Lecture Notes (for students)：

Words and Expressions

1.corrupt:vt. 1) cause errors to appear in

The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitted, as they corrupted the language.

2) cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gains

To gain more profits, the businessman tried every means to corrupt the officials in the local government.

2. ban: 1) vt. forbid (sth.) officially (used in the pattern: ban sth.; ban sb. from sth./doing sth.)

The local government will ban smoking in all offices later this year.

Tom was banned from driving for six months after being caught speeding again.

2. n. ban (followed by on)

The government is considering a total ban on cigarette advertising.

The ban on human cloning is welcomed by most countries in the world.

3. strictly speaking: if one uses words, applies rules, etc. in their exact sense

Strictly speaking she was not qualified for the job. But we employed her because of her honesty.

4. tolerance: n.

1) the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you

don’t agree or approve of it (followed by for)

He has no tolerance for people who disagree with him.

2) the ability to bear sth. painful or unpleasant (followed by of/for/to)

* Human beings have limited tolerance of/to noise.

5. to a (very real, certain,some etc.) extent: to the degree specified

I agree with him to some extent but there are still some areas of sharp disagreement between us.

从某种程度上说，餐馆的失败是由于经营不善造成的。

To a certain extent the failure of the restaurant was due to bad management.

6. arouse:vt. provoke (a particular feeling or attitude)

*These educational toys give children a feeling of self-worth by arousing their interest in challenging tasks.

The man’s strange behavior aroused the policeman’s suspicions.

7. surrender: v. give in (followed by to)

We’ll never surrender to terrorism despite the terrorist attacks.

你们必须向警方缴枪。You must surrender your guns to the police.

8. (para.6) virtually: adv. almost

* It’s virtually impossible to tell the imitation from the real thing.

晚饭差不多准备好了；我只差做蔬菜了。

(The dinner’s virtually ready; I only have to finish the vegetables.)

9. invade:vt. enter with armed forces

In July 1937 the Japanese army invaded China.

The Germans invaded Poland in 1939, leading to the start of World War II.

10. resemble: vt. be like or similar to

约翰在各方面都非常像他父亲。（John resembles his father very much in all ways.）

He resembles his mother more than his father.)

11. descend: v. come down (from a source), go down

These ideas descend from those of the ancient philosophers.

The old lady descended the stairs.

太阳落山了。（The sun descended behind the hills.）

12. establish:vt. 1) set up

这学校是由一位意大利教授于1905年建立的。

（The school was established in 1905 by an Italian professor.）

2) place or settle sb./oneself in a position, an office, etc.

Yao Ming established himself in the team soon after he arrived in US.

13. pass (sth.) on to (sb.):hand or give (sth.) to (sb.)

When you have finished reading the novel, please pass it on to Laura.

The King passed on much of his fortune to the princess.

14. conquer: vt. take possession and control of (a country, city, etc.) by force; defeat

全世界已作出巨大努力来征服癌症。

There has been a tremendous international effort to conquer cancer.

15. alternative:

1. n. one of two or more possibilities (followed by to)

His father gave John the alternative of staying in high school or going to work.

恐怕除了向警察告发你之外，我别无选择。

（I’m afraid I have no alternative but to report you to the police.）

NB: 该词本意是“另一个，每两者中的第二个”，因此仅限于在两者之间进行选择，但现在也可指“几种可能中的一种”，类似We have several alternatives to chose from.（有几种可能性可供我们选择。）之类的句子也相当普遍。

2. adj. (of two things) that may be used, had, done, etc. instead of another;

* We returned by an alternative road.

16. enrich: vt. 1) make rich or richer

油田的发现使许多阿拉伯国家富足起来了。

（The discovery of oil has enriched many Arabian countries.）

2) improve

* It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.

* Music can enrich your whole life.

17．out of control: no longer able to be controlled

The fire was out of control by the time the second fire engine arrived.

There was nothing they could do about it. The situation was out of control.

18. put into practice: take action regarding sth.

Having delayed several times, we must put this plan into practice now.

19. strike out: start being independent; start doing what one wants to do in life

After working for his father for about ten years, he decided to strike out on his own.

约翰辞掉原来的工作，开始从事旅游推销员的工作。

(John quit his job and struck out as a traveling salesman.)

Key to the Exs.

P196-198 Vocabulary

I 1. 1) Strickly speaking 2) drifted 3) resembles 4) invaded 5) is conquered 6) fascinating

7) snack 8) put…into practice 9) source 10) climate 11) surrendered 12）were aroused

2. 1)... an absolute necessity rather than a luxury.

2) …is a valuable addition to the football team.

3)… will get out of control, if the fireman do not arrive within ten minutes.

4)… alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle.

5)… declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months as an emergency measure to stop the spread of mad cow disease.

3. 1) systematic; have invented; to a very real extent; mysteries 2) to establish; to be

modified/modifying 3) tolerance towards; strike out; enrich

P200 Comprehensive Exs.

I 1. Text-related 1) fascinating 2）tolerance 3) invented 4) addition 5) ban 6) corrupt 7) out of control 8) influenced 9) elite 10) came up with 11) establishing 12) Massive 13) sources 14) enrich

P201 Translation

1. 1）Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.（was put into practice）

2) On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.

3) He paused for effect, and then said: “We can reach/ enter these markets through new channels”.

4) The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it to nourish young musical talents.

5) We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereign state.

We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish

a sovereign state.

2. Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe that English and many other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the 5th century. They passed on to us the basic vocabulary of English. In over 15 centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.