新视野大学英语(第二版)第三册unit2 iron and the effects of exercise全文翻译与原文

运动医学专家经过多年的观察，发现耐力运动员，特别是女性，经常会缺铁。

普渡大学研究人员进行的一项新的研究表明：即使是适度的锻炼，也可能会降低女性血液中的铁含量。

“我们发现，那些通常不运动的女性一旦开始适度的锻炼，就会出现铁含量下降的迹象，”普渡大学罗斯安妮·M. 莱尔副教授说。

她对62名妇女进行了研究，并将研究结果发表在《体育运动医学与科学》杂志上。这些妇女原先不怎么运动，后来开始了为期6个月、每周3次的锻炼。

莱尔指出：“那些增食肉类食品或服用铁质补剂的女性能够恢复到健康状态。

但突然参加锻炼却仍沿用旧食谱的人则显示出铁含量降低。”

缺铁在女性中是很常见的，每四个十几岁的少女中有一人缺铁，每五个18至45岁的女性中有一人缺铁。

而在积极锻炼的妇女中这一比例更高，女耐力运动员中，缺铁者比例则高达80%。

莱尔说，这意味着“太多女性忽视了自己摄入的铁含量”。

育龄女性危险最大，因为月经是铁流失的重要原因之一。

此外，许多保健意识太强的女性也很危险，因为她们拒绝食用牛肉或羊肉，而这些肉中含有的铁最易被吸收。

而且，由于女性常常为了控制体重而节食，从而未能摄取足够的含铁丰富的食物，结果可能导致缺铁。

另一名专家指出，“普通女性每天摄入的铁只是应摄入量的三分之二。”

他指出，“对于那些已经缺铁的女性，任何因锻炼而产生的更多铁质流失都足以导致体内缺铁状况的恶化。”

运动可能通过多种机制导致铁流失。

有些铁随汗液流失。另外，由于某些未知的原因，高强度的耐力运动有时会引起消化系统内出血。

运动员从事跑步之类高强度剧烈运动，也可能会因为足部血管失血的现象而使铁质流失。

缺铁分为三个阶段：

第一也即最常见的阶段，是铁质储量不足。这一阶段一般没有症状。

到了缺铁的第二阶段，就会出现疲倦和力不从心，此时体内已没有足够的铁来形成血蛋白分子，将氧输至运动肌肉。

在第三即最后阶段，人常常感到虚弱、疲乏无力、喘不过气，运动成绩大打折扣。

“人们认为，只要不到第三阶段就不会有什么问题。这种想法是不对的。” 帮助设计普渡大学研究的约翰·L. 比尔德说。

“只有当你的铁储量为零时，你才会进入第三阶段。而你若坐等到这个时候，你的麻烦

就大了。”

然而，比尔德指出，大多数铁质储量低的人并未意识到自己缺铁，因为传统的检测血液中铁含量的方法──检验血液中输送氧气的血蛋白的含量──是不够的。

其实，有必要检查血液中另一种混合成分的含量，它可以显示血液中的铁含量。

他还指出，虽然积极锻炼的育龄妇女最有可能铁含量低，“但男性也并非不缺铁，尤其是在他们不吃肉类而又从事高强度的体力活动的情况下。”

（估计有15%的男性长跑运动员铁含量低。）比尔德和其他专家都说，对这些人而言，最好每年验一次血，以测定血液中的铁含量。

如果铁含量低，就要去看医生，以确定是否该通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。

一般说来，解决问题的最好方法是在食谱中增加含铁丰富的食物，因为铁质补剂可能存在严重缺陷。“服用铁质补剂可能使人想呕吐，有时甚至还会引起中毒。

最好的铁来源，以及唯一最易为身体所吸收的铁来源，是肉、鸡和鱼。

其他较好的铁质来源包括枣、豆类和一些多叶绿色蔬菜。”

“选择那些标有…加铁?字样的面包和麦片，” 运动营养专家南希·克拉克写道，

“这些增加的铁质补充了谷物中自然含铁量的不足。将这些食物与含有大量维生素C的食物一起食用──比如吃麦片时喝橘子汁，或在三明治内夹上番茄──可以促进铁质吸收。”

克拉克还建议用铁锅烹食，因为烹调过程中食物能从铁锅中吸收铁质。

她写道，“在铁锅内烹煮了3个小时的番茄汁，其铁含量大大提高，增加到原来的30倍左右。” 她说，铁含量可能低的人，吃饭时应避免喝咖啡或饮茶，因为这些饮料中所含的物质会妨碍身体对铁质的吸收。

“运动女性应特别注意选择饮食。”普渡大学的莱尔总结说：

“如果你在铁含量流失之前就注意到了警告信号，你就可以在它真正成为问题之前弥补铁质的不足。”

Iron and the Effects of Exercise

Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.

"We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.

"Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back," she notes. "But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels."

Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female

teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women, affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in";. Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a deficiency.

"The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron," notes another expert. "For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency," notes the expert.

Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, for unknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.

There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath — and exercise performance is severely compromised.

"People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L. Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, and if you wait until that point, you're in trouble."

However, most people with low iron reserves don't know they have a deficiency, because traditional methods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein that transports oxygen) are not sufficient, Beard states. Instead, it's important to check levels of a different compound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. While active, child-bearing age women are most likely to have low iron stores, he notes, "Men are not safe, especially if they don't eat meat and have a high level of physical activity." (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runners have low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say it's advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.

If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements. In general, it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. Supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases. The best sources of iron, and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish. Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables.

"Select breads and cereals with the words 'iron-added' on the label," writes sports diet expert Nancy Clark. "This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich) to enhance the amount of iron absorbed." Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can derive iron from the pan during the cooking process. "The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly

30 times," she writes. And people who are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, since substances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.

"Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices," sums up Purdue's Lyle. "If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem."

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１ F 2 G ３ H ４J 5 Ｅ６ A 7 N ８ I 9 Ｋ l0 M 7 ｌ 2 3 4 5 ; 6 7 ８ 9 世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子,而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。世界公民相信人类从本质上来说是一个整体，任何个人都有改变事物的能力。在我们这样一个相互依赖的世界中，世界公民意识鼓励我们认识到对彼此的责任,并从对方身上学习。世界公民关心全球的教育、疾病、贫穷和环境问题。在当今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌发世界公民的意识,让他们拥有对全球社区的归属感。这种不断发展的世界公民意识在很大程度上来讲,要归功于现代信息、通信和交通技术的力量世界公民意识致力于给予人们力量，让他们付诸行动，世界公民除了要从世界问题中学习知识和价值观,还要拥有必需的技能,使他们拥有能力和自信,积极推动世界的发展。 , "" . , ． . , , 's , .ａ＇s ．,.

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新版新视野大学英语第二版读写教程

Unit 1 III 1 beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp 6 longing 7 praying 8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain IV 1 tell …on you 2 track down 3 work it out 4 picking on me 5 reckoned with 6 call on 7 on his own 8 get through 9 in disguise 10 revolves around V G O D I K L B F A N VI 1 advise 2 level 3 problems 4 necessity 5 skills 6 experience 7 solution 8 value 9 tool 10 manner VII 1 air-conditioned(装空调的；有冷气的) 2 handmade（手工制作的） 3 thunderstruck（非常吃惊的）4heartfelt（衷心的；诚挚的）5data-based（基于数据的）6self-employed（自主经营的）7 custom-built（定制的；定做的）8 weather-beaten（饱经风霜的） VIII 1. well-informed（对……非常熟悉的）2 new-found（新获得的）3 hard-earned（辛苦挣得的）4 soft-spoken（说话温柔的）5 newly-married（新婚的）6 widely-held（普遍认为的）7 well-meant（出于好意的）8 well-educated（受过良好教育的） IX

新视野大学英语读写第三版第三册原文及翻译

Never, ever give up! 1 As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. 英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔小时候就读于一所名为哈罗的公立学校。他不是一个好学生，如果他不是来自一个有名的家庭，他可能会因为背离校规而被开除出学校。谢天谢地，他在哈罗大学毕业了，他的错误并没有妨碍他继续上大学。他最终有了一个陆军总理的职业生涯，后来他被选为首相。他以机智、智慧、公民责任和在二战黑暗的日子里拒绝投降的勇气而出名。他惊人的决心有助于激励他的整个国家，也是全世界的灵感来源。 2 Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow. The headmaster said, "Young gentlemen, the greatest speaker of our time, will be here in a few days to address you, and you should obey whatever sound advice he may give you." The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him, and gave this short, clear-cut speech: "Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!" 在他担任总理的时期即将结束之际，他被邀请在他的旧学校哈罗向爱国青年发表演讲。校长说：“年轻的先生们，我们这个时代最伟大的演讲者，几天后将到这里向你们讲话，你们应该听从他给你们的任何合理建议。”伟大的一天到来了。温斯顿爵士站了起来，他身高五英尺五英寸，体重107公斤，简短而清晰地说：“年轻人，永不放弃。永不放弃！永不放弃！从不，从不，从不，从不！” 3 Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas —none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called "slow to learn" and written off as idiots by their teachers. Thomas Edison ran away from school because his teacher whipped him repeatedly for asking too many questions. Einstein didn't speak fluently until he was almost nine years old and was such a poor student that some thought he was unable to learn. Yet both boys' parents believed in them. They worked intensely each day with their sons, and the boys learned to never bypass the long hours of hard work that they needed to succeed. In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. 个人历史、教育机会、个人困境——这些都不能抑制致力于成功的坚强精神。没有任务太难。准备的时间不要太长或太难。以我们这个时代最有学术价值的两位科学家为例，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·爱迪生。双方都面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评。两人都被老师称为“学习慢”，并被他们的老师当作白痴注销。托马斯·爱迪生逃学是因为他的老师因为问太多问题而不断鞭打他。爱因斯坦直到九岁时才说得流利，他是一个很穷的学生，有些人认为他无法学习。然而，两个男孩的父母都相信他们。他们每天都和儿子们一起努力工作，孩子们学会了永远不要绕开他们要成功所需的长时间辛勤工作。最后，爱因斯坦和爱迪生都克服了童年时代的迫害，继续取得了有利于当今世界的伟大发现。

新视野大学英语(第三版)视听说教程第三册网课答案

新视野大学英语(第三版)视听说 3 网课答案 Unit 1 (1) 1 Sharing .................................................................................................................. 2 Listening ............................................................................................................... 2 Viewing .................................................................................................................. 2 Role-play ............................................................................................................... 3 Presenting ............................................................................................................. 3 Conversations ....................................................................................................... 3 Passage .................................................................................................................. 4 News ...................................................................................................................... 4 Unit test ................................................................................................................. Unit 2 .. (6) 6 Sharing .................................................................................................................. 6 Listening ............................................................................................................... 7 Viewing .................................................................................................................. 7 Role-play ............................................................................................................... 8 Presenting ............................................................................................................. 8 Conversations ....................................................................................................... 8 Passage .................................................................................................................. 9 News ...................................................................................................................... 9 Unit test ................................................................................................................. Unit 3 (11) 11 Sharing ................................................................................................................ 12 Viewing ................................................................................................................ Role-play ............................................................................................................. 12 12 Presenting ........................................................................................................... Conversations ..................................................................................................... 13 13 Passage ................................................................................................................ 13 News .................................................................................................................... 14 Unit test ............................................................................................................... Unit 4 (15) 15 Sharing ................................................................................................................ 15 Listening ............................................................................................................. 16 Viewing ................................................................................................................