现代英语语法归纳总结(2018年1月17日)
第一部分：教材的学习与使用
一．首先，仔细研读教材后面所附录的《高等教育自学考试英语语法自学考试大纲》，做到学习重点、考试要求了然于心。
二．由于教材涉及的术语较多，考试时所有的考题均用英文表述，学员必须熟记这些术语。
可参照书后《课程内容与考核目标》所列出的主要概念中英文对照。如：词素（morphemes），词缀法(affixation), 修饰性状语(adjunct) ，评注性状语(disjunct)等。三．对于每个概念，术语，都要做到能用简单的英语解释，最好能用书中的定义进行解释。
语法考试中就有一部分要检查考生对概念的理解及记忆。如：（1）Morpheme(p4): A morpheme is the minimal distinctive grammatical unit, and is the lowest unit in grammatical hierarchy. Morphemes are actually abstract elements of analysis. What occurs is an orthographic form in writing termed “morph”which realizes the morpheme.(词素是语法的最小区别性单位,即最低一级的语法单位.词素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素.词素是抽象的形式成分，在不同的环境中由若干不同的形素来体现) （2）Mass nouns(p57): Those nouns that can not take plural forms are mass nouns, such as butter, cheese, homework music, etc. (没有复数形式的名词叫物质名词)
四．在理解的基础上，熟记教材上的例句。从以往的试卷分析来看，很多考题就是教材上的原句或略作变动。例如：在全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题第Ⅱ.
多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)中，几乎所有的题目均能从书中找出：
Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:
21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, series（P65）
A. a _____ of musicians
B. a___ of lectures
22. board, bunch, choir, packet, party（P66）
A. a ______ of guests
B. a______ of keys
23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall be（P344）
Some money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for the picnic.
24. seem, seems, me, I, mine（P59）
Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.
25. less, less of, than, as, like（P237）
Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.
26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, like（P236）
John is as _____ a fool _____ Bill.
27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall be
A. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.
B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.
28. have, has, had, will have, shall have（P346）
A. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.
B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.
五．每一章后面设计的练习题也非常重要，学员要做到每一题都能够理解，作答正确。许多题目被用作以往的考题，将来的试卷同样会从中选择不少题目。
六．勤于动手，加强实践。该教程共分十六章，学习时可以把每一章节的重点概念摘录出来，把重点例句归纳出来，供自己复习巩固。只有这样，才能让自己掌握好各章节的精华。我们不主张大家去找别的语法练习来训练，因为采取不同的语法体系编辑的练习题有可能差距很大。教材上的例句及练习题稍作变动就可以产生无数的新语法题，足以让同学得到充分地训练。
七．善于请教，多方求索。学员对自己学习过程中弄不清楚的问题，可以与别的学员共同商讨，或请教老师。互联网也是一种很好的助学手段，但不要在那上面花太多的精力，因为那里的东西庞杂而良莠不齐。只要通过…https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e69798698.html,?或…https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e69798698.html,?，输入你想搜寻的内容的关键词, 如：‘自考语法’；‘语法考试’等，它们就会为你提供大量的网站或网页供你登陆或浏览。
八．学会归纳、总结。学习任何东西都应该多动脑筋。死记硬背得来的东西往往遗忘也很快，理解基础上熟记的东西才能长时间为主人服务。为什么“A book is on the desk..”
不对而“On the desk is a book.”正确；为什么“There is a bus over there.”是存在句，“There comes the bus”是倒装句；什么情况下…family?之后的动词用复数，什么情况下…family?之后的动词用单数。这些只有在理解的基础上，通过归纳总结才能真正牢记住。
第二部分：教材的重点与难点归纳
Chapter 1 The Structure
of the English Sentence
(第一章绪论)
一、难点、重点
1.Present the grammatical units that form a hierarchical order.
(指出构成层次结构的语法单位.)
Answer: The grammatical units that form a hierarchical order are explained and shown as follows:
Higher | A sentence consists of one or more clauses
| A clause consists of one or more phrases
| A phrase consists of one or more words
Lower | A word
From the macro-grammatical point of view, we can come to a hierarchical structure as:
Higher | A text consists of one or more sentences
| A sentence consists of one or more clauses
| A clause consists of one or more phrases
| A phrase consists of one or more words
| A word consists of one or more morphemes
Lower | A morpheme
英语句子的结构层次是：分句(clauses)、词组(phrases)、单词(words)，图示如下：高级层次句子(由一个或多个分句组成)
分句(由一个或多个词组组成)
词组(由一个或多个词组成)
低级层次词
图1.1语法单位的层次(Leech等，1982：27)
如果从语义的角度来考虑，单词以下还可再分为词素(morphemes)；句子以上还有更大的语言单位，即把句子按一定逻辑规则组织起来的语篇。所以，从超语法的角度来看，语法层次结构可以如下图所示：
高级层次语篇(由广个或多个句子组成)
句子(由一个或多个分句组成)
分句(由一个或多个扣组组成)
词组(由一个或多个词组成)
词(由一个或多个词素组成)
低级层次词素
图1.2 扩大的语法层次结构图
2． Morphemes词素 (Terms: morpheme, morph, allomorph, free morpheme and bound morpheme)
（注：此部分内容的学习可以借鉴‘词汇学’的相关内容，然而必须注意两门课程描述的不同点。）
什么是词素(morpheme)?词素是语法的最小区别性单位，即最低一级的语法单位。
词素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素(morph)。词素是一种抽象形式的成分，在不同的环境中一个词素可以由若干个不同的形素体现，如英语中的复数词素可以表现为／s，z，iz ／。
某一词素在不同的环境中可以用不同的变体或词素变体(allomorph)表示。所谓词素变体是指词素的非区别性变体，几个不同的变体一起构成一个词素。
词素又分为自由词素和粘附词素。自由词素(free morpheme)是指本身具有完整意义，可以独立使用的词素。它可以是简单的单词，如boy，girl，do，so等，也可以是派生词的词根，如im-polite，self-ish等。自由词素具有较强的构词能力。
粘附词素 (bound morpheme)是指没有完整意义不能独立使用的词素。粘附词素只表示一种附加意义或语法意义，这种词素不能单独存在和使用，只有粘附在其他词素(主要是自由词素)上才能表示出它的意义。粘附词素的主要功能是在构词中充当词缀，如unfriendliness中的un-，-ly，-ness等。
3.Finite clauses and infinite clauses (限定性分句与非限定性分句,定义参见下面
的简答题部分)
注意这里分句的概念与传统语法的区别，特别是非限定性分句。
Finite Clauses
(1)名词性分句
What he said was incredible.
(2)关系分句
This is one of the best books I?ve ever read.
(3)状语分句
If I were in your shoes, I wouldn?t quit.
Non-finite clauses：
(1) 非限定性名词性分句：
She didn?t know what to say．
(2)非限定性关系分句：
The man standing by the window is her brother.
(3) 非限定性状语分句：
Published ten years ago，this is still the best dictionary．
二、重要概念
1.morpheme (参见第一部分测试题)
2.parsing：Breaking a sentence into smaller components for analysis
and then grouping them into various classes in a systematic way.
把一个句子中的各种词按语法范畴给出名称一如主语、宾语、动词、性、
数、格等一叫做句子成分分析(parsing)。
3.Define the complex sentence
The complex sentence is a sentence that contains more than one clause
that are joined together by subordinating one to another．[复杂句是用
从属连词(如if, when, though等)连接的一个以上分句的句子.]
三、典型考题
I. 选择题
1. There are ( ) morphemes in “gunfighter”.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. one
2. In “He downed his beer and punched me on the nose. ”“downed”belongs to ( ) . (P13)
A. backformation
B. clipping
C. conversion
D. blending
3. Suffixes basically change ( ) .
A. word meaning
B. word class
C. nothing
D. word formation
4. The prefix“uni-”means ( ) .
A. without
B. self
C. false
D. one
Key: 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D
II. 简答题
1.In terms of which three factors are words classified?
The three factors are: the environment where words occur, their internal structure and their meaning.
2.Define the finite clauses and the non-finite clauses.
The finite clauses are the ones that have subjects and finite verbs as predicates．The non-finite clauses are the ones that leave subjects
unsaid and verbs in non-finite forms．(限定分句是主语加限定动词作谓语的分句。非限定分句是省略主语而动词以非限定形式出现(主语省略是因为其前面或
后面已有主语。)
Chapter 2
Sentence Types
(第二章句子类型)
一、难点、重点
1.The four major types of sentences in English and their discourse
functions.
The four major types of sentences are declaratives，interrogatives，
imperatives and exclamatives．These four types are respectively associated with giving information，requiring information，requiring actions and
expressing the speaker?s impression of something．英语句子四大类型为陈述
句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句；这四种句型分别表示提供信息，寻求信息，要求动
作进行和表达说话者的情感.
2.Explain the conditions in which we need to use non-assertive words in
positive statements and assertive words in questions. (解释在肯定句中
使用非肯定词和在疑问句中使用肯定句的情况。)
When a positive answer is expected, assertive words can be used in
questions, such as: Would you like some more coffee? Is somebody waiting for me?
And in affirmative sentences in which there are negative import, if-clauses, putative should-clauses, and comparative clauses, non-assertive words can
be used, such as:
He is too young to take any job.
If anyone calls me at this moment, it must be Xiao Zhang.
It?s odd that the hero should say anything like that.
He?s better than anyone else in this company.
疑问句中如期望肯定回答,可用肯定词，在含有带否定含义的词，If-分句,should
推定分句,比较分句中也可用非肯定词.
3．Explain the difference between a tag question with a final rising tone and one with a final falling tone．(解释附加疑问句结尾升调与降调的区别。)
With a rising tone，the question expresses the speaker?s neutral
expectation of the hearer?s response and invites the hearer to verify the
truth of the proposition in the statement．With a falling tone，the
speaker asks for the hearer?s confirmation of the statement．It can be regarded as similar to an exclamation．(念升调，附加疑问句的说话者对对方的回答不是很确定；念降调，说话者期望对方证实他的陈述，有点类似于感叹句。)
Examples:
Lovely weather, isn?t it?
(Seeing the student?s ID) You are a student, aren?t you?
以上两句，都应该念降调。
另外，在附加疑问句中，HA VE一词也是常考的重点：
You have heard me, haven?t you? (Auxiliary …have?)
Mary has to live on her own, doesn?t she?
Tom has coffee with milk, doesn?t he?
(In the sense of …possess?, …own?, etc.) You have a big house, don?t / haven?t you?
4．Commands
1)Be patient. (Command)
2)You be patient. (Emphatic effect, or to light a contrast)
3)Do be patient. (To reinforce a command)
4)Be patient, please! (To smooth away abruptness)
5)You be patient, please! (This sentence is incorrect!)
So the following sentences are also commands:
1)Someone take out the rubbish.
2)Anybody help him!
3)Everyone freeze!
二、重要概念
1.Alternative questions: Those questions that suggest two (or more) alternatives and
usually imply that one of them could be true.
2.How-exclamations: Exclamations that are led by the adverb …how?. It highlights the
adjective, adverb, or verb in exclamations.
三、典型考题
I.选择题
1. You have to wait a moment, ______?
A. haven't you
B. do you
C. don't you
D. shouldn't you
2. "Mary wasn't in the reading - room, was she?" "_________."
A. Yes, she wasn't
B. No, she was
C. Yes, she was
D. She wasn't
Key: 1. c 2. c
II.简答题
1.What are the verbs which transferred negation often occurs with?
What is their shared semantic feature?(转移否定经常与哪些动词
同现?它们有什么共同的语义特征?)
The verbs which transferred negation often occurs with are：
think，believe，suppose，imagine and expect．They are the verbs
that express “opinion”．(转移否定经常与think，believe，suppose，
imagine和expect等动词连用。这些动词都是表示“意见”的语义。)
2.What are the two major types of exclamations?(感叹句的两大类
型是什么?)
The two major types of exclamations are WHAT—exclamations and
HOW-exclamations．The former is followed by a noun phrase；the
latter is followed by an adjective or adverb．感叹句分为WHAT-
感叹句和HOW-感叹句。前一种后接名词词组，后者接形容词或副词。
III．完成下列句子
1.You?d rather we didn?t go there,_______
2.I don?t think he will come,________?
3.They must have lost their way,_____?
4.Let?s talk about it later,_____?
5.Everyone is here,________?
Key: 1.hadn?t you 2. will he 3. mustn?t/ didn?t they
4. shall we
5.isn?t here/aren?t they
Chapter 3
Noun and Noun Phrase (1):
Noun and Number
(第三章名词和名词词组(1)：名词和名词的数)
一、难点、重点
1.The functions of noun phrases: In function, a noun phrase can play
such grammatical roles as subject, object, complement, modifier and
even adverbial. 名词词组的功能，可以作主语、宾语、补语、修饰语（a
tea table），有些的甚至可以作状语(yesterday, last week)。
2.Noun classes
名词可以以多种方法分类,如具体名词(table, water)与抽象名词
(happiness, hatred),可数名词(table, girl)与不可数名词(water,
money),有生物名词(boy, monkey)与无生物名词(table, water)等.但名词
通常按以下方式分类:
名词-----|专有名词Proper nouns
(nouns) |可数名词----------|普通名词(common nouns)
(c. nouns) |物质名词(mass nouns)
我们在可数名词和物质名词中还可以再划分具体名词和抽象名词:
名词--|专有名词
|普通名词--|可数名词--|具体名词(concrete nouns)
(common n.)| |抽象名词(abstract nouns
|物质名词--|具体名词(concrete nouns)
|抽象名词(abstract nouns)
3.缩略词：加-’s，-s，双写或零形式复数，首字母缩略词，
加-…s或-s：
MP(议员) MP’s／MPs
POW(战犯) POW’s／POWs
VIP(要人) VIP’s／VIPs
laser lasers
缩略词加-s，双写或用零形式复数：
缩略词加-s
Dr．(医生) Drs．
hr(小时) hrs．(或hr．)
yd．(码) yds．
Yr. (年) yrs．
双写:
ex．(例子) exx．
gal．(加仑) gall．
1. (行) ll．
p．(页) pp
或用零形式复数
ft．(英尺) ft
kg．(公斤) kg．
km．(公里) km
min．(分) min．
sec．(秒) Sec
4.熟记教材（P65）单位名称表
二、重要概念
1.Proper noun: Proper nouns are nouns referring to specific person,
place or thing,such as Smith, Mark (persons), Washington D.C., London
(places), NATO, United Nations (things)(专有名称是特指人,地方或事
物的名词)
2.Mass noun: Those that can not take plural are mass nouns, such as
butter, cheese, homework music, etc. (没有复数形式的名词叫物质名
词)
3.Unit noun: It is also called "partitive", is a very special class
of words that is used to specify the quantities measures and shapes
of the modified noun such as: piece, batch, bunch, item, etc. (单
位名词亦称“部分词”用于说明所修饰名词的量、大小和形状等)
4.Foreign plurals：They are words borrowed from some other languages
which still take their original forms of plural，Most often，they
are from-Latin，French，Greek：alumna--alumnae，index--indices，
plateau--plateaux，analysis—analyses，etc．(外来词复数是指从外语
中借来尚保持原来复数形式的复数名词，多是拉丁语、法语和希腊语等)
三、典型考题
I.选择题
1. _________ plastics are made in this chemical plant.
A. Many kind of
B. Many kinds of
C. Many kinds
D. Many kind
2. "Jack has just moved into a new house."
"Did he have to buy ________for it?"
A. many new furniture
B. much new furnitures
C. much new furniture
D. many new furnitures
3. Michael took _______ as to what he should do.
A. his friend's advise
B. his friend's advises
C. his friend advice
D. his friend's advice
Key: 1. B 2. C 3. D
II.简答题
1.Collective noun: These are generally countable nouns, but even in
the singular they refer to groups of people, animals or things, such
as family, class, team, government, committee, etc. (集体名词一般
是可数名词,但就是单数,也指人, 动物或事物的群体)
2.singular invariables: They are proper nouns like country names,
personal names and mass nouns like those denoting sciences,
subjects, diseases, and games. For example: the United States，
the United Nations，Black，Jones，classics，physics，bronchitis，
bowls，et。．(单数名词指的是某些国家名称，人名和表示学科、疾病和运
动项目等形式上有以—s结尾的名词，一般用作单数)
3.plural invariables：They are 1)names of tools and articles of dress
consisting of two equal parts：binoculars，compasses，jeans，shorts，
etc．2)some collective nouns：cattle，people，police，
etc．3)geographical names of mountain ranges，waterfalls，groups of
islands：the Rockies，the Balkans，Niagara Falls，etc．4)other nouns
ending in-s：archives，arms，etc．(复数名词指由两部分构成的工具或
服饰；某些集体名词；山脉、瀑布、群岛等地理名词以及其他以-s结尾的
名词，用作复数)
III.其他题型
Supply the appropriate unit noun from the list below:
company collection troop herd bundle drop piece
ray swarm can school pack fleet crew
1. a ______ of ships
2. a ______ of lies
3. a ______ of firewood
4. a ______ of whales
5. a ______ of sailors
6. a _____ of bees
7. a ______ of tourists 8. a _____ of crude oil
9. a ______ of cattle 10. a _____ of music
11. a _____ of monkeys 12. a _____ of coins
13. a _____ of blood 14. a _____ of sunshine
Key:
1. fleet
2. pack
3. bundle
4. school
5. crew
6. swarm
7. company
8. can
9. herd 10. piece 11. troop 12. collection
13. drop 14. ray
Chapter 4
Noun and Noun Phrase(2)：
Determiner and Genitive
(第四章名词和名词词组(2)：限定词和属格)
一、难点、重点
1. The constraints that the double genitive is subject to:
The second noun in the double genitive almost always refers to persons，
never to objects，and the first noun usually has indefinite reference (typically premodified by the indefinite article) and the second noun is always definite．(双重属格的第二个名词指人，不指物，第一个名词不确指，通常用不定冠词，第二个名词必须确指)
a window of the house?s / a page of the newspaper?s
the friend of that reporter?s /the friend of a teacher?s
[以上表达均有错误！]
2.Group genitive集体属格
集体属格是指把’s加在后位修饰词组或并列名词词组后面的属格，如： someone else?s
【免费】小学四年级英语语法顺口溜速记大全
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名词复数有规律，一般词尾加s; 辅音字母+y型，变y为i,es; ch,sh真有趣，s,x,es; f,fe真小气，字母v来把它替，es在后别忘记； 字母o来真神奇，有生命来es,没有生命+s. 可数名词复数特殊变化规律[2]： 中日好友来聚会， 绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。 男士、女士a变e； 牙（齿）、脚双o变双e; 孩子们想去天安门， 原形后面r、 e 、n; 老鼠本来爱大米， mice,ice和rice. 注：中Chinese,日Japanese，好友people. 绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish （这些单词单复数一样）man--men woman--women tooth--teeth foot--feet child--children mouse--mice 一般现在时态 （一） I、we、you、they作主语， 动词原形后面跟；
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初一英语语法及主要知识点归纳总结
初一英语语法及主要知 识点归纳总结 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类：英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live 3 What language(s) does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office 一． Asking ways: (问路) 1．Where is (the nearest) …… （最近的）……在哪里 2．Can you tell me the way to …… 你能告诉我去……的路吗 3．How can I get to …… 我怎样到达……呢 4．Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗 5．Which is the way to …… 哪条是去……的路 二．Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
小学英语语法顺口溜大全!太棒了
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莫让岁月空蹉跎 可数名词的复数变化规律[1]： 名词复数有规律，一般词尾加s; 辅音字母+y型，变y为i,es; ch,sh真有趣，s,x,es; f,fe真小气，字母v来把它替，es在后别忘记； 字母o来真神奇，有生命来es,没有生命+s. 可数名词复数特殊变化规律[2]： 中日好友来聚会， 绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。 男士、女士a变e； 牙（齿）、脚双o变双e; 孩子们想去天安门， 原形后面r、e 、n; 老鼠本来爱大米， mice,ice和rice. 注：中Chinese,日Japanese，好友people. 绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish （这些单词单复数一样）man--men woman--women tooth--teeth foot--feet child--children mouse--mice 一般现在时态 （一）
高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义(9)被动语态知识点整理总结(含练习与解析)
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一般将来时 will/shall be＋spoken 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋spoken 过去进行时 was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时 have/has been＋spoken 过去完成时 had been + spoken 03 被动语态的执行者 被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。如： Some computers were stolen last night. 无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。 The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
小学英语语法大全(最新版)
小学英语语法大全 第一章 一、定义 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。 二、分类 1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词 如：john is a student student是普通名词，john是专有名词 普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词 的首字母要大写。 2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是 可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。 3. 专有名词 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。 三、名词的数 1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词——可以数的名词 不可数名词——数不清（没有复数） drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings 2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式 many+可数名词复数 much/a little+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰 不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much 4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法： 1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。 注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。 如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
高考英语语法复习讲义：语法总结全集
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(完整版)小学英语语法大全【完整版】
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