英语阅读(四)习语中英文解释
Unit one
1.works one’s fingers to the bone 拼命干活
to work very hard
2.burn the midnight oil 学习或工作开夜车
to work or study very late in the night
3.fall down on the job 没有把工作做好
to fail to do well
4.hit the books 用功
to study your school assignment, prepare for classes
5.do back-breaking work 干苦力活，艰苦
to do very difficult physical work
6.work like a dog 勤奋工作，拼命工作
to work hard and seriously
Unit 2
1.have a green thumb 天才，有天赋
used to describe a person who is good at gardening and whose plants grow very well
2.be a breeze 易做之事
refers to something that is easy to do
3.have two left feet 对某事不在行，非常笨拙
used to describe a person who dances badly
4.have a golden touch 点石成金, 很会赚钱
refers to someone who has ability to make a great deal of money in every enterprise they try
5.have a nose for 探查、发现某物
to have an ability to detect or find sth.
6.be easy as pie 极容易
to be very easy or easily
Unit 3
1.down to earth 现实的
to be sensible and practical in a way that is helpful and friendly
2.put on airs 装腔作势，自以为了不起
to behave in an unnatural or affected way in order to impress sb.
3.be showing off 炫耀
to try to impress others with one’s ability, wealth, intelligence, etc
4.think one is God’s gift to mankind 上帝恩赐的人（事物）（给大家、企业等）to think sb/sth that seems specially created to be useful to or enjoyed by a group of people, an industry, etc
5.put someone in someone’s place 给某人下马威, 对无礼的或自夸的加以羞辱
to humiliate sb who has been impertinent or boastful
6.blow one’s own horn 自吹自擂、自夸
to boast or praise one’s abilities and achievements
Unit four
1.hold his tongue 住嘴、保持沉默、不开口
refers to do not say anything even though sb might want to or expected to, because it is wrong time to say it
2.see eye to eye 完全同意
to agree with somebody
3.mind one’s own business 管自己的事，别管闲事
not to interfere in other people’s affairs
4.rock the boat 扰乱事情顺利进行，做某事从而使局面等失去平衡
to do sth that upsets the balance of a situation, etc.
5.bury the hatchet 和解、停战、议和
to stop being unfriendly and become friends again
6.flow with the tide 随波逐流、不坚持自己
to conform to accepted behaviors, opinions, etc; by carried along by the course of events
7.button her lips 保密、住嘴、不说话
to be silent
8.let sleeping dogs lie 不要惹事生非
to do not try to change a situation that could become a problem if sb interfered Unit 5 Globalization
1.to leave someone high and dry 是某人陷入困境
to make someone be in a difficult situation without any help or any things that he/she needs
2.face up to sth 对付、承担、勇敢正视
to accept and deal with sth unpleasant or demanding honestly and bravely
3.pass the buck 推卸责任、推诿
to make sb. else responsible for sth. that one should deal with
4.shoulder the responsibility 承担责任
to take responsibility upon oneself
5.worm out of 逃脱义务、逃开做某事
to avoid doing something that one has been asked to do by making an excuse that is dishonest but clever
6.point one’s finger at sb 公开指责、责怪
to accuse sb openly
Unit 6 Immigrants
1.find middle ground 找到折中的办法
to find things which do not belong to either of two groups, ideas, or plans but have elements of each, often in a less extreme form.
2.all or nothing （指行动过程）需竭尽全力
(of a course of action) requiring all one’s efforts
3.meet people halfway 妥协、迁就、迎合某人
to make a compromise with sb.
4.stick to one’s guns 坚持自己的观点和立场
to refuse to change one’s mind about something, even though other people are
trying to persuade him/her that he/she is wrong
5.middle-of-the-road 中间路线、中立政策
(of people, policies, etc) moderate
6.give-and-take 互相迁就、交换意见、扯平利益与损失
to help other people and do things for them as well as expecting them to do things for you
Unit 7 Ecology
1. give up 放弃、停止、辞去
to abandon an attempt to do sth
2. go through with 完成（工作、计划）、实现、贯彻（诺言等）
to do sth you had promised or planned to do, even though it causes problems or you are no longer sure you want to do it
3. hang in there 坚持下去
to keep trying to do sth and not give up even though it might be difficult
4. sweat … out 在不愉快的条件下坚持、焦急或紧张地等待某事发生
to wait uncomfortably for sth to happen or end
5. stick with 坚持做某事
to continue doing something the way you did or planned to do before
Unit 8 Holocaust
1. be on one’s own 独自居住
to be alone
2. be a copycat 一味模仿他人的人
to be a person who always imitate others
3. lead sb by the nose 完全控制某人、使某人完全听命于自己
to make sb do everything one wishes, control sb completely
4. cut the apron strings 脱离(母亲、妻子等)影响与控制
to get rid of the control of (usu. the mother) over an adult child
5. be a yes-man 唯唯诺诺的人
someone who always agrees with and obeys their employer, leader etc in order to gain some advantage
6. have a mind of one’s own 性格果断；自有主张
to be capable of forming opinions, making decisions, etc independently
7.stand on one’s own two feet 自立、不依靠他人
be independent and able to take care of oneself
Unit nine
1. be as tough as nails 非常严肃、从容
to be very tough and not easily frightened or not caring about the effects of your actions on other people
2. go to pieces （人）（精神、身体）崩溃、失去自制力
(of a person) have a breakdown; lose control of oneself
3. keep one’s chin up 勇敢、坚决、不气馁、保持乐观
to remain cheerful in difficult circumstances
4. hold one’s head up 昂首挺胸、不再垂头丧气
to behave proudly; maintain one's dignity
5. be cool as a cucumber (在困难情况下)从容不迫、泰然自若
to be very calm and controlled, esp. in difficult circumstances
6. fall apart 散开、失败、垮台、关系破裂
to break; fall to pieces; disintegrate
7. pull oneself together 恢复镇静、控制自己
to force oneself to stop behaving in a nervous frightened or uncontrolled way Unit ten
1. reach the boiling point 极度兴奋
to be very emotive
2. blow up 夸大某事、吹捧某人
to exaggerate or inflate sth
3. grit one’s teeth 咬紧牙关
to bite one’s teeth together, esp. when one is in pain, angry, or under pressure 4. hold one’s temper 耐住性子；不使脾气发作
to succeed in controlling one’s anger
5. be hotheaded 性格急躁、易冲动
be rash; impulsive
7.count to ten 从一数到十（一边有时间镇定自己或控制情绪）
to deal with someone’s emotions in order to try to stay in calm; to calm down Unit 11 Politics
1. icy stare 冷漠的凝视
very cold and unfriendly stare
2. give someone the cold shoulder 故意冷漠某人
to deliberately ignore someone or be unfriendly to them, esp. because they have upset or offended you
3. be cool toward someone 冷漠地
to be not showing enthusiasm, friendliness toward someone
4. welcome someone with open arms 热情地欢迎某人
welcome with great affection and enthusiasm
5. turn one’s nose up … at 蔑视
to refuse to accept sth. /sb. because you don’t think it is /they are good enough for you
7.turn one’s back on someone对某人或组织置之不理；拒绝予以帮助
to avoid or reject sb/sth
Unit 12 Art
1. be a loner 不合群者
to be a person who avoids the company of others
2. two heads are better than one 两人智慧胜一人
two people working together achieve more than one person working alone
3. brainstorm 突然精神错乱、灵机一动、心血来潮
moment of confusion or forgetfulness; sudden mental aberration
4. go it alone 单独行动、单干
to attempt to carry out a task or start a difficult project without help from others 5. put heads together 交流思想、交换意见
to discuss a difficult problem together
6. join forces 与…合作
come together in order to achieve a common aim
7. pool one’s resources 共同向基金提供资源
to combine your money, ideas, skills etc with those of other people so that you can all use them
8. lend … a hand 帮助
to give sb help with sth
Unit 13 Genetics
1. be hard-hearted 无同情心、无情、冷酷
be lacking in feeling or sympathy, unkind
2. go to bat for 为别人抱不平，为别人出头
to support or help someone
3. have a heart 心地好的
to be sympathetic or kind; show mercy
4. have a heart of gold 心地善良、慷慨大方
used to refer to a person who has a very kind character
5. have a heart of stone 铁石心肠、冷酷
to have a pitiless and unfeeling nature
6. be tight fisted 小气的、吝啬的
to be not generous with money
8.be warm-hearted 热情的、亲切的
to be kind and sympathetic
Unit 14 Society and Values
1. be on cloud nine 极其快乐
to be very happy about sth.
2. be down in the dumps 沮丧、垂头丧气
to be very sad and without much interest in life
3. be in seventh heaven 极乐；欢天喜地
to be in state of great happiness
4. be out of sorts 脾气坏的；恼怒的；身体不适的
to be in bad temper; be feeling unwell
5. be tickled pink 高兴的要命
to be very pleased or amused
6. feel blue 忧郁、情绪低落
to feel sad and depressed
7. walk on air 得意洋洋、兴高采烈
to feel extremely happy about sth
9.be on top of the world 非常愉快自豪（尤指获得成功或好运）
to be very happy or proud, esp. because of success or good fortune
Unit fifteen
1. be right on target 正好达到目标
to be right to make good progress and are likely to achieve the result that is wanted
2. beat around the bush 旁敲侧击, 拐弯抹角地说
to talk about sth without coming to the main point
3. miss the mark 未达到原定目标
not to achieve sth. you were trying to do
4. be off base 错误
to be completely wrong
5. get to the heart of 了解了最重要的事
to better understand the most important thing about words and their stories
6.hit the nail on the head 一针见血、猜中
to express the truth precisely, guess correctly
Unit 16 Technology
1.be an old hand at 有某种技巧或经验, 老手
Used to describe someone who has done a particular job or activity for a long time and who can do it very well
2.know … like the back of one’s hand 对…了如指掌
to be thoroughly familiar with a place, subject, etc
3. know the ropes 熟悉…内情；很在行
to know the all the things someone needs to know to do a job or deal with a system
4. be not born yesterday 并非无知；又不是三岁小孩
be not foolish or likely to be deceived because of lack of experience
5. be … green 未成熟的；无经验的
to be young and lacking experience; naive
6.live-and-learn 活到老学到老；不经一事; 不长一智
knowledge has no limit.; knowledge is infinite.; learning is an endless process.; never too old to learn
Unit seventeen
1. be two-faced 伪君子；两面的；有二心的
to be deceitful or insincere
2. tell it like it is 说实话；如实反映情况
to tell the truth
3. talk behind someone’s back 在别人背后说坏话
to talk without sb’s knowledge or consent
4. bare one’s soul 说心里话
to reveal one’s most secret feelings
5. look someone in the eye 勇敢地面对，大胆滴正视（某人、危险、对手等）
to look directly at someone when speak to them, esp. to show that you are not afraid of them, or that you’re telling the truth
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e49873267.html,y one’s cards on the table 摊牌；把意图公开
to be honest and open about one’s resources and intensions
Unit 18 Essay
1. eyes are bigger than one’s stomach 眼馋肚子饱
used to describe someone is too greedy in asking for or taking more food than he can eat
2. lose one’s head 失去控制、惊慌失措
to become unable to behave calmly or sensibly
3. bite off more than someone could chew 自不量力，做力所不能及的事情
to attempt to do too much or sth that is too demanding
4. eat like a horse 贪婪地吃、狼吞虎咽
eat a lot
5. burn oneself out 精疲力竭
to work so hard over a period of time that one becomes unable to continue working because one is tired, ill or unable to think of any new idea
6. spread oneself too thin 企图同时做很多事情而分散精力；贪多嚼部烂
to try to do too many things at same time so that one can not do any of them effectively
7.take it easy 放松；从容自在
to relax, not work too hard or do much
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考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
2007年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译 但为君故 但为君故 整理组
Text 1 如果你打算在2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个引人注目的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。 什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测：a）某种占星术征兆使人具备更高的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿往往具有更高的供氧能力，这增加了踢足球的持久力；c）热爱足球的父母更可能在春季（每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期）怀孕；d）以上各项都不是。 58岁的安德斯?埃里克森是佛罗里达州立大学的一名心理学教授，他说，他坚信“以上各项都不是”这一猜测。在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。他的首次试验是在大约30年以前进行的，与记忆相关：训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字，然后复述这些数字。“在经过大约20小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象（复述）的数字跨度从7个上升到20个，”埃里克森回忆说。“该试验对象不断进步，在接受大约200个小时的训练后，他复述的数字已经达到80多个。” 这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。换句话说，无论两个人在记忆力能力上可能存在怎样的天生差异，这些差异都会被每个人如何恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。埃里克森确信，了解如何有目的地解读信息的最佳方法就是一个为人所知的有意练习过程。有意练习需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务。相反，它包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及技术与结果的浓缩。 因此，埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球领域在内的广泛领域中专业执行者。他们收集了能够收集的所有资料，不只是表现方面的统计数据和传记详细资料，还包括他们自己对取得很高成就的人员进行的实验室实验结果。他们的研究得出了一个非常令人惊奇的结论——我们通常称为天分的特征被高估了。或者，换句话说，专业执行者――无论是在记忆还是手术方面，在芭蕾还是计算机编程领域――几乎总是培养的，而不是天生的。 21. 文中提到足球运动员中的出生现象是用来__________. A 强调职业训练的重要性 B 聚焦世界杯上的足球巨星 C 引出什么决定了杰出表现这个话题 D 解释为什么一些足球队比其他足球队表现好
(完整版)小学四年级英语阅读理解20篇)
四年级英语阅读理解20篇 姓名： 1、My name is Billy . I’m a boy . I am eleven . I’m in China now . My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher . I like Chinese food , but my parents (父母亲) don’t . They like bread . I have a nice room . There’s a bed , a desk and a chair in it . There’re many books on the desk . I like books . I often (经常)read books in the evening . ( )1. Billy is ________. A. a boy B. eleven C. in China D. A,B and C ( )2. Billy’s father is ________. A. a teacher B. a doctor C. Chinese D. a worker ( )3. Billy likes ________. A. Chinese B. Chinese food C. bread D. English ( )4. Billy has a ________ room . A. nice B. big C. small D. good ( )5. Billy often reads books ________. A. at home B. after class C. in the evening D. at school 2、阅读下面对话，判断句子，正确的写“T” ，错误的写“F” 。 My name is Tom. I’m a student. My school is not very big , but very beautiful. Look, this is my classroom. It’s very bright. There is a computer on the teacher’s desk. There are 46 students in my class. 22 girls and 24 boys . My school has two libraries. The big one is for the students. The small one is for the teachers. There’s a big playground in the school . I like to play football there . I like my school very much. （）1. Tom’s school is very big and beautiful. （）2. Tom’s classroom is very bright. （）3. There’s a computer in the classroom. （）4.There are twenty-four girls in Tom’s class. （）5. The big library is for the teachers.
常用专业术语英文
组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇 Assembly line组装线 Layout布置图 OOBA开箱检查 fit together组装在一起 fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板 barcode条码 barcode scanner条码扫描器 fuse together熔合 repair修理 operator作业员 QC quality品管 supervisor 课长 section supervisor课长 deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长 ME制造工程师 MT制造生技 cosmetic inspect外观检查 inner parts inspect内部检查 thumb screw大头螺丝 lbs. inch镑、英寸 front plate前板 rear plate后板 chassis基座 bezel panel面板 power button电源按键 reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试 V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts塑胶件 SOP制造作业程序 material check list物料检查表 trolley台车 carton纸箱 sub-line支线 left fork叉车 personnel resource department 人力资源部 production department生产部门 planning department企划部 QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手 lathe车床 planer |'plein|刨床 miller铣床 grinder磨床 driller??床 linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机 staker=reviting machine铆合机 position职务 president董事长 general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长 department director部长 deputy manager | =vice manager副理 group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长 thickness gauge厚薄规 gauge(or jig)治具 power wire电源线 buzzle蜂鸣器 defective product label不良标签 identifying sheet list标示单 iudustrial alcohol工业酒精 Tiana天那水 packaging打包 missing part漏件 wrong part错件 excessive defects过多的缺陷 critical defect极严重缺陷 major defect主要缺陷 minor defect次要缺陷 not up to standard不合规格 dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏 大(小) cosmetic defect外观不良 slipped screwhead/slippery screw head 螺丝滑头 speckle斑点 rust生锈 deformation变形 burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边 poor staking铆合不良 excesssive gap间隙过大 grease/oil stains油污 inclusion杂质 painting peel off脏污 shrinking/shrinkage缩水 mixed color杂色 scratch划伤 poor processing 制程不良 poor incoming part事件不良 painting make-up补漆 discoloration羿色 water spots水渍 polishing/surface processing表面处理 exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露 lack of painting烤漆不到位 safety安全 quality品质 delivery deadline交货期 cost成本 engineering工程 die repair模修 enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划 qualified products, up-to-grade products良品 defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品 to return material/stock to退料 scraped |'skræpid|报废 (be)qualfied, up to grade合格 not up to grade, not qualified不合格
英文写作名词解释
What is a summary? A summary is a short piece of writing that gives the main facts or ideas of a story or article,etc. The qualities of a good summary? It should be objective,that is,the writer does not include any ideas of his/her own. It should be complete ,that is,the writer does not leave out important facts or ideas. It should be balanced,in other words,the writer gives equal attention to each main idea. The goal of a summary? It is to give readers an objective,complete,accurate and balanced view of something(an article,a story ,a novel,a play,etc) Paragraph unity A unified paragraph contains only sentences that explain or support the general statement made in the topic sentence.Any sentence that does not relate to (=is not connected in some way)the main idea will not develop it. How to achieve paragraph unity? Begin with a discussable point and express it in a topic sentence. Stick to this single point throughout,that is,all other sentence should be about this point. Prove or develop the point;don 't merely repeat it. Link your sentence to make your ideas easy to follow. How to outline (=to give the main facts about something) a story? Divide the story into smaller parts. Summarize each part in one sentence. Number your sentence summaries to make them an outline of the story. What is a narrative paragraph? A narrative paragraph is one that briefly describes an incident or a personal experience. Requirements that a good narrative paragraph should meet? Though its length is limited,it is complete,that is,it has a beginning,middle and end. It includes as little conversation as possible. Its sentences are connected by suitable linking words or expressions. Here are some common time linking words/expressions. Afterward later when shortly afterward soon while the next day/night then Paragraph coherence(Coherence is connection ) A coherent paragraph is one in which every sentence after the first is connected to the one before it,to the topic sentence ,or to both ,and readers can readily follow the writer 's train of thought(= a related series of thoughts) An incoherence paragraph is one in which the sentences are badly connected or not connected at all,and the readers are likely to lose their way. How to achieve paragraph coherence? Arrange sentence in a clear order. Use correct pronouns Use correct linking words and expressions. What is exposition?
英语阅读理解及翻译
1.A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night(英语阅读理解) A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it? 一个奇怪的事情发生在几乎每个人身上，并且都在晚上。他们关上灯，拉上了窗帘和闭上他们的眼睛。六或七小时的睡眠后，他们再次醒来。奇怪，不是吗？ Sleep is a great puzzle. Scientists and doctors would like to talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure what causes sleep. 睡眠是一个伟大的谜。科学家和医生谈谈为什么不能入睡。他们不知道什么是睡眠的原因。 You will sleep best both when you are in good health and when you don't eat too much or too little. No worries and a comfortable place to sleep are important, too.你会睡得最好当你身体健康时，你不要吃太多或太少。不用担心，一个舒适的睡眠环境是重要的。 Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you often move. You would feel tired ever if you didn't move. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. 奇怪的事情发生在睡眠期间。例如，你经常搬家。你会觉得累，如果你没有动。你也做梦。你大脑的一部分仍然是清醒的时候，您也做梦。做梦时发生的记忆和想象的部分你的大脑仍然清醒。 Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were finished while the writers were dreaming. 别担心，如果你有梦想。一些伟大的故事和诗歌的作家会完成梦想。 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)、误( F) 。 1. A strange thing happens to only someone at night.T 2. Scientists and doctors are both sure what causes people's sleep.F 3. When you are in good health, you can sleep very well at night.T 4. The writer means that some dreams are good for people.T 5. If you eat too much or too little before sleep, you won't sleep well.T 2. At the Barber's Shop 在理发店 Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he 杰克去一家理发店剪了头发，但是当他出来时，他 was not happy with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed 是不满意的结果。当他的朋友鲍波看到他时，他笑了 and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?" 说，“你的头发怎么了，杰克？” Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied 杰克说，“我今天尝试了新的理发店，因为我不是很满意 with my old one, but this one seems even worse." 旧的，但是这一次似乎更差。” Bob agreed. "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what 他同意了。”是的，我想你是对的，杰克。现在我要告诉你 to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, 做的时候，你走进一家理发店下时间：看所有理发师的头发， find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
小学四年级英语阅读理解题
小学四年级英语阅读理解题 (1) Bob Pearson is an old man. He has two big houses and a new car. He has no wife, but he is a father of four children. He has two sons and two daughters. One son is from England. His name is Bill. The other son is from America. His name is Mike. One of his daughters is from China. Her name is Lanlan. The other one is from Japan. Her name is Nikon. Bob Pearson is not the children’s real father, but he loves them very much. The children love their “father”, too. Bob Pearso n has many toys for the children. He gives different toys to different children. The boys play with toy cars. The girls play with dolls and toy animals. Bob Pears on is the children’s “father”, and he is their good friend, too. ( )1. Bob Pearson has six children. ( )2. Bob Pearson is a nice young man. ( )3. Nikon is a Japanese girl. ( )4. Bill and Mike are from England. ( )5. Nikon and Lanlan like toy animals. (2) This is a picture of a family. The grandmother’s name is Harry Smith. The grandfather’s n ame is Jean Smith. They are very old. They are Americans. The father’s name is Lake Smith. He is 44. The mother’s name is Kate Smith. She is 40. They have a son of ten and a daughter of fifteen. The son’s name is John Smith and the daughter’s mane is Mary Smith. They are students of Middle School. Kate is a teacher of the same school. Lake is a policeman. It’s a very good family. ( )1. Lake Smith’s parents are. A. Americans B. American C. America ( )2. John’s f ather is . A. 44 B. 40 C. very old ( )3. Mary’s mother is a . A. teacher B. policeman C. doctor ( )4. they are in the school. A. some B. same C. any ( )5. The family has children. A. six B. two C. four
常用术语中英文词典
常用术语中英文词典 Raw materials: alumina 铝土 bauxite 铝矿土 log 大圆棒 billet 小圆棒（铝棒） butt 废料（挤压切头） Magnesium 镁 Silicon 硅 Iron 铁 Copper 铜 Manganese 锰 Chromium 铬 extruability 可挤压性 strength-to-weight ratio 强度重量比quenching 淬火 conductivity 可导电性，导电率Equipment: 设备： log conveyor 大圆棒运输机 log furnace 大圆棒加热炉 billet furnace 铝棒加热炉 solvus tempreture 溶线温度 solidus tempreture 固线温度 log shear 圆棒剪 billet transveyor 铝棒运输机 press loader 挤压机托料架机械手ram 挤压杆 dummy block 压饼（挤压垫）container 盛锭筒 container liner 盛锭筒内衬（内套）runout table 输出台 front platen 前板 main cylinder 主缸 Die: 模具： die ring 模套 die 模具 backer 模垫 bolster 前垫 shim (sub-bolster) 后垫 feeder 导流板 pocket(cavity of feeder) 袋式平模hollow die 空心模 semi-hollow die 半空心模 solid die 平模
aperture (pocket) 孔隙 die cap 下模（母模） mandrel 上模（公模） porthole 孔式分流模 pancake 园盘式模 bridge 桥式模 spider 蜘蛛模 horse shoe 马蹄形止口 tool carrier 模座 die bearing 工作带 relief 空刀 die oven 模具加热炉 radiant oven 辐射炉 infrared oven 红处线炉 lead-out table 导出台 quench box 淬火槽 standing-wave cooling 过水槽冷却 mist cooling 水雾冷却 air cooling 风冷 web 桥 port 进料孔 puller 牵引机 transfer belts 传送台 cooling belt 冷却带（台） stretcher 拉直机（调直机） tail head 固定端 power head 活动端 clamps 夹头 crossover belts （拉直机）传送带 staging and saw: 锯切工作台和锯 staging area 锯切工作台 saw 锯 batching belt 配置传送带 saw gauge 锯切定尺台 supervisory control system(SCS) 监视控制系统programmable logic controller(PLC) 可编过程控制器aging oven 时效炉 Process temperature rise 挤压时的上升温度 exit temperature 出口温度 tearing 扯裂 container wall 挤压筒筒壁 shear zone exit temp. measurement 出口温度测量