英语专业八级翻译10轮

PART V TRANSLATION [ 60 MIN.] SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

乔羽的歌大家都熟悉，但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。

晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，把忧心烦恼全都抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

In his classic novel, ―The Pioneers‖, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, row of houses, a building metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. ―Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?‖ she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.

Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said: ―Life for the American is always becoming, never being.‖

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚定而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。

世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆。它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。

世界上第三代博物馆是充满了全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。

中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆。它汲取了世界上著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、点学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

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It is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry-- we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Y et few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Sleep yourself in tins. acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you. or attempting to give you, something far more definite.

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁的生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达8000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。

温哥华(Vancouver)的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结果，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说加拿大除了印地安人之外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性作用，其中有一半是近5年来才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

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There is a proposal in Washington to set aside $100 million to support single mothers on welfare who want to get married. This novel idea is a sign that some of our politicians are coming to understand that the state of our national union depends greatly on the stage of our domestic unions— on the health of the marriage institution in America.

Divorce rates remain very high by historical standards, and the children of the first generation of easy divorce are well into their own adult lives. Beyond all the statistics and anecdotal accounts of this vast subject, what are the key dynamics that are leading to health or sickness for the institution of marriage? Where are we going wrong? And how can we get back on track?

The central question is whether we have allowed a culture to develop that disables people for the challenges of marriages. Social emphasis on selfishness and self-centeredness, and the achievement-oriented ethic of our business world, all encourage us to put family in second place. Marriage often represents the transition from such a world of selfishness to a world of giving. Family life is the normal context in which we can learn that a life filled with thinking about others instead of ourselves is the sure road to the most fulfilling joys and satisfactions. (158 underlined words)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

约翰·施特劳斯的故居在一条大街上，是一座沿街的粉红色的四层楼老公寓房子。施特劳斯曾住在这座房子二层楼上的两套房间里，于1866年末到1867年初在这里谱写了《蓝色的多瑙河》这支名曲。那时他已经42岁了，在维也纳音乐界中负有盛名，但只是在这支乐曲问世以后，才奠定了他“圆舞曲之王”的地位。这座房子距多瑙河不远，不幸约半个多小时，当时还是一片大森林，施特劳斯常常穿过森林到河边去散步，现在房屋已鳞次栉比，成为热闹的大街了。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

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When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. The one that goes least deep is the necessity for subservience in some larger organizations. If you are an energetic man with strong views as to the right way of doing the job with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical. Whenever you have a bright idea, the boss puts a stopper on it. The more energetic you are and the more vision you have, the more you will suffer from the impossibility of doing any of the things that you feel ought to be done. When you go home and moan to your wife, she tells you that you are a silly fellow and that if you became proper sort of yes-man your income would soon be doubled. If you try divorce or remarriage it is very unlikely that there will be any change in this respect. And so you are condemned to gastric ulcers and premature old age.

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难，但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。

古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

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How to Grow Old (by Bertrand Russell)

In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, is a much more important subject. My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live T o a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. A great grandmother of mine, who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, after having nine children who survived, one who died in infancy, and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to women’s high education. (178 words)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等，所以人们对于大自然，全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其是在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方拥有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from t he low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.

Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of impossible, as Y eats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of ―the pleasure of taking pains‖. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.

We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning the rules. No difficulty, no fun.

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

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I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over=phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themse lves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent—e, g. in painting and music—they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an English ―tradition‖ after all.

T o speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same style in dress, the same book on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own –and which is yet a foreign country. There are old overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.

PART V TRANSLATION [60 MIN.]

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

和平和发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当今，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定和发展。中国同西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互尊重和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业作出贡献。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

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The Regan adminis tration’s most serious policy problem surfaced near the end of the president’s second term. In 1987 American learned that the administration had secretly sold arms to Iran in an attempt to win freedom for American hostages held in Lebanon by radical organi zations controlled by Iran’s Khomeini government. Investigation also revealed that funds from the arms sales had been diverted to the Nicaraguan contras during a period when Congress had prohibited such military aid.

The ensuing Iran-contra hearings before a joint House-Senate committee examined issues of possible illegality as well as the broader question of defining American foreign policy interests in the Middle East and Central America. In a larger sense, the Iran-contra hearings, like the celebrated Senate Watergate hearings 14 years earlier, addressed fundamental questions about the government’s accountability to the public, and the proper balance between the executive and legislative branches of government.

PART V TRANSLATION [60 MIN.]

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

近代的上海，十里洋场，自开埠以来，固然有许多辛酸的不平等的血泪史，固然有许多污泥浊水，这里被称为是“冒险家的乐园”，这里有鸦片，有荡妇，有赌棍，使人纸醉金迷，乃至使人堕落。可是，上海这座近代大城市却更有它的另一面，它有活力、它智慧、革新、进取，它敢于担风险，有竞争意识及机制，这种城市意识或风格，使人奋发，跟上时代，走向进步。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

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Although the American economy has transformed itself over the years, certain issues have persisted since the early days of the republic. One is the continuing debate over the proper role for government in what is basically a marketplace economy. An economy based on free enterprise is generally characterized by private ownership and initiative, with a relative absence of government involvement. However, government intervention has been found necessary from time to time to ensure that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people, to prevent flagrant abuses, to dampen inflation and to stimulate growth.

Ever since colonial times, the government has been involvement, to some extent, in economic decision-making. The federal government, for example, has made huge investments in infrastructure, and it has provided social welfare programs that the private sector was unable or unwilling to provide. In a myriad of ways and over many decades, the government has supported and promoted the development of agriculture.

PART V TRANSLATION [60 MIN.]

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵阵人摈弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

Bush sat at the plane’s window last W ednesday afternoon and watched the placi d fields of T exas rise to claim him again. ―Feels good,‖ he said. No argument from his companions, many of whom had joined him when he began his presidential quest in 1978.

The pain of electoral defeat had eased. He wore his old, dark-blue Air Force One windbreaker. He held a new biography of his hero Theodore Roosevelt, given to him by Vic Gold, an aide and companion in his political struggle. No presidential briefing papers. No tense parley waiting. Heading home.

―We are going to have a small, simple home.‖ Bush said. ―Barbara is going to do a book. But I have made no firm plans.‖ Then his eyes drifted off over the long horizon, back toward Washington. ―I’ve done what I could,‖ he said. ―Time to get out of town. I intend to do everything I can to hon or the office so that Iraq is no problem for President Clinton now… He was very gracious to us all day. I really wish him well.‖

世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆。The first -generation museums in the world are museums of natural history.它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。With fossils and specimens they introduce to people the evolution of the earth and various living organisms on it.第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆，The second-generation museums are those of industrial technology.它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。Fruits(Results) of various stages of industrial civilization are on display here.这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。Although these two generations of museums have played the role of spreading (disseminating, distributing)scientific knowledge, they regard visitors as passive spectators(onlookers).

世界上第三代博物馆是充满了全新理念的博物馆。The world’s third generation museums are full of completely new concepts.在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。Here visitors can carry out(conduct)operations and careful observations themselves.这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。In this way they come closer to advanced achievements in science and technology so as to probe (penetrate into )their mystery.

这篇文章是对加拿大著名港口城市温哥华的简要介绍，表述清楚，理解起来并不难。出了“辉煌”、“结晶”等少数词汇外，这段文章翻译起来在措辞上不存在多少困难。但是翻译是原文的句子结构需要做很多的转换。原文少数句子与句子之间、句子内部各个成分之间的逻辑关系、语义关系不时很明确。翻译的时候应该根据汉语句子结构的特点，灵活转换。加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁的生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达8000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。（1999）

温哥华(Vancouver)的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结果，其中包括多民族的贡献。（这里的“民族”实为“种族”ethnic group）The prosperity (splendid achievements, splendor) of Vancouver is the fruit (result) of the wisdom and diligence of its people, including many of its ethnic groups who have contributed their shares to the prosperity(The prosperity of V ancouver, to which many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallization of its people’s wisdom and hard work.).加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。With an area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million, Canada is large(vast) in area and small (sparse) in population. （这一句似为三个并列成分，但实际上第二、三部分是对第一部分的结实或证实Also: A sparsely-populated big country, Canada has a territory lager than that of China, but only a population of less than 30 million.）吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。To accept（overseas,赘述）immigrants has been a long-term national policy （固定说法）of Canada. (Also: Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by Canada)可以说加拿大除了印地安人之外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。It is correct to say that all Canadians are immigrants except the native Indians. They differ only in how long they have lived in the country. (It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country. 翻译这句时，我们把“加拿大除了印地安人之外”转换为一个介词短语作插入语，把“不同的只是时间长短而已”转换为一个非限制性定语从句，从而使译文的句子结构主次分明，同时也清楚地将原文的逻辑关

一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？Could there be any standards to evaluate the meaning of one's life? 提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难，Actually, it is quite difficult to bring about such absolute standards. 但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。However, it would not be that difficult to make an appropriate evaluation of the meaning of one's life. if we, on the whole, can perceive his attitude towards his life and work.

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