完形填空(2)

1. 本讲课程涉及的知识点在高考考试大纲中对应的考点为语言应用；

2. 本节课重点讲解完形填空题的解题技巧；

3. 该考点主要考查学生综合理解文章的能力、词语辨析、推断能力等，在高考试卷中大体分值为30分。

一、知识精讲

完形填空题的解题技巧

（一）锁定关键词

在一篇文章中，有时就一个单句而言，很难确定合适的答案，但若继续读下去，就会发现与问题有关的信息词，这些词往往直接或间接地提出或暗示我们所要寻找的答案。

【例文1】

Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his ____1____ and traveling.

1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work

答案：D

思路分析：前面提到过他on business，而不是纯粹的旅游，因此应该与work有关。正确答案为D。只有D项可以同时与traveling作enjoyed的宾语。误选A的学生较多，很多学生认为他在国外旅游，因此认为他是玩得很愉快。选错的主要原因是审题不够细致，只注重单句的意思，而没注意前句给出的提示。

Then, after returning to the United States from a _2___ trip to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic （USSR）, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place __3___ him. The material between his bones became weak.

2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant

答案：B

思路分析：乍一看，A，B，D项都可选，如果第一句中学生认为是旅游玩得很愉快，那么选D项的就更多。句中说在此之后，Mr. Cousins got sick病倒了,这是关键的信息词。因此这是一个tiring trip。

3. A. from B. around C. inside D. beside

答案：C

思路分析：本题很容易选B，以为是他身边发生的事。跟第二题一样，读后句就知道，这里的a change只能是他身体内部的变化。因为文中提到The material between his bones became weak。所以做题时要首尾兼顾，抓住主要信息。

【例文2】

An old lion ____ in its cave and pretended to be ill, when some animals came to visit it, the lion killed and ate them.

A. slept

B. lay

C. lying

D. felt sick

答案：B

思路分析：如果仅以“主语后面应该跟谓语动词”这一语法规则去分析，显然A，B和D都对。但是文中的“killed and ate them”说明狮子并未睡觉，而是在捕食或者伺机捕杀前来探望的动物，从而否定了A。通过“pretended to be ill”这一信息又证实了“狮子并未生病”这一事实，所以又否定了D。因此只有B为正确答案。lay虽表示“卧着”，却有“其大脑清醒”的含义，暗示着狮子随时会突然跃起，扑向靠近它的动物。

（二）用比较判断法来选择答案

有时，在一个段落中，前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难作出正确的判断，但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构，这种语言现象便是我们要找的比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分的结构，能帮助我们找到前面对应结构中存在的答案。

【例文1】

Pagoda Street is a street like many others –not very __ 1___, not very wide, ___ 2___ wide enough for two buses to pass. But it is a __3___ street all the same, particularly during the rush hour.

1. A clear B. clean C. far D. fresh

答案：B

思路分析：此句中说明了这条街跟许多其他的街道一样，这说明了街道的共同特征，不很“宽”当然也不是“很干净”。而不是A“清晰”或是C“远”，这两个不能说明大多数街道的共性。

2. A. also B. even C. and D. only

答案：D

思路分析：根据上句中的“not very wide”及下句中的提示“wide enough for two buses to pass”，说明街道较狭窄，“仅能让两辆车通过”。

3. A. famous B. useful C. busy D. free

答案：C

思路分析：此空前的But表转折，虽说街道不宽，但……。它是一个“繁忙”的街道，且与下文的during the rush hour相对应。

【例文2】

The ancient Greek thinker Diogenes said that there was only one good, namely（也就是）, knowledge; and only one ___1___ , namely, __ 2 __.

1. A. better B. best C. nice D. evil

答案：D

思路分析：文中only one good为信息词，only限制了good，形成了“绝对关系”，所以后面的部分不会再出现good的同义词或近义词，那么空1 应选择与good相反的词。A，B，C 项都是体现好的方面的词，只有D项符合，evil的意思为“邪恶的”。

2. A. ignorance B. disbelief C. laziness D. death

答案：A

思路分析：跟在提出例证的转折词namely后面的词，其作用是说明前面的名词的，既然good 说的是knowledge, 那么与之相对应的evil后的词应是与knowledge相对应的反义词ignorance（无知）。而disbelief为“不相信”，laziness为“懒惰”，death为“死亡”，都与文意不符。

（三）利用转折词的功能进行比较

常见的转折词有：but, however, though, even so, instead, at the same time（往往比较两个不同的动作）, on the contrary（恰恰相反）, on the other hand（另一方面）, similarly（同样）等。利用这些词或词组的提示，我们可以判断它们与后面的词、句子的关系，这种关系或许是趋于向其他方面的转化，或许是与所描述的概念正好相反。

【例文1】

A horse and a donkey, each bearing a burden, were being led by their master. The donkey asked the horse to take part of its burden, for it was very tired; ____ the horse refused.

A. but

B. then

C. and

D. so

答案：A

思路分析：句中分号前所提供的信息是the donkey asked for help, 而分号后的句子说the horse refused。这说明这两个句子的意思是相反的，存在转折关系，所以此空应选A。

对比法在完形填空中往往是一种重要的解题方法，扩展词汇面，找出反义词，应用对比关系进行分析，然后再排除是关键。

【例文2】

When I was a college student, I did a lot of traveling abroad. That was because a professor encouraged me to do so. She said, “Now is the time f or you to travel around the world, enrich your knowledge through actual experiences and have fun!” I agreed with her. Since I started to work for a food company, _______, I have done most of my travelling through the Internet.

A. otherwise

B. however

C. besides

D. therefore

答案：B

思路分析：本空所在的句子与前面教授所说的内容是转折关系，只有however表示转折。【例文3】

Sometimes things happen beyond expectation. A 10-year-old boy decided to study Judo（柔道）_____ he had lost his left arm in a car accident.

A. because

B. and

C. although

D. while

答案：C

思路分析：句意为：虽然这个10岁的孩子在事故中失去了左臂，但他还是决定要学习柔道，这两个句子之间是转折关系，故选C。

（四）根据词的固定搭配

英语语言结构包含着大量的固定搭配、习惯用语以及各种句型结构等。词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配题是完形填空测试的重点。这种命题方式常见的有两种：一是将固定搭配中的某个词删去，二是在原来的搭配结构中插入较长的文字结构，造成搭配关系的松散现象。【例文1】

Blogs help people ______ in contact with their friends and to hear what the people around them are doing.

A. lose

B. find

C. get

D. stay

答案：D

思路分析：句意：博客最大的好处在于使人们时刻保持着联系。Stay in contact with sb =keep in touch with sb 为固定搭配，意为“与某人保持联系”。

【例文2】

I stood up and held my arms _____. I hugged him tightly and whispered, “I love you.”

A. over

B. up

C. out

D. down

答案：C

思路分析：根据后面的句子中的hugged可知是伸出胳膊，hold out意为“伸出”。

【例文3】

When I was a young child, my parents often told me that it was time to teach a man everything. I didn’t understand and wondered why time had such a big influence _____ a person.

A. about

B. with

C. on

D. in

答案：C

思路分析：have a / an …influence on是固定短语，意为“对……有影响”，符合语境。

【例文4】

______ the little girl could see, there was only one little house in which she lived with her Father

and Mother, her sister Mary.

A. As long as

B. As well as

C. As far as

D. As soon as

答案：C

思路分析：as far as …could see意为“就……视力所及”，符合语境。

（五）利用固定句型来选择答案

【例文1】

I said that it was at least ten years _____ I had enjoyed a good drink.

A. since

B. before

C. when

D. that

答案：A

思路分析：It is/ has been +一段时间+since 为一个固定句型，意为“做……有多久了”。只看句中的宾语从句部分可知就是这个句型，不过时态变成了过去时，故选A。

【例文2】

No sooner had he finished his talk ______ he was surrounded by the workers.

A. when

B. than

C. that

D. then

答案：B

思路分析：no sooner …than为一个固定句型，意为“刚一……就……”，故选B。

【例文3】

Whenever I didn’t know the answer, I would avoid looking at him. When I did know what to say I always 1 straight at him. From that moment on, I forced myself to look at him in the eyes, 2 I knew the answer or not.

1. A. watched B. pointed C. saw D. stared

答案：D

思路分析：stare at 为固定短语，意为“盯着看”。文中说当我不知道答案时，我总是避免看他，当我知道答案时，我总是盯着他。

2. A. when B. whether C. if D. as

答案：B

思路分析：whether …or not 为固定搭配句型。

（六）通过上下文语境来选择答案

【例文1】

Washoe is a young chimpanzee（猩猩）. She is not a（n ）_____ chimpanzee, though,scientists are doing a research on her. They want to see how civilized（驯化）she can become. Already she does many things a human being can do.

A. foolish

B. ordinary

C. special

D. simple

答案：B

思路分析：根据本空后面部分可以看出科学家正在对Washoe这只猩猩进行研究，而后又说她现在已经可以像人类一样做一些事情了，所以她应该是一只不普通的猩猩，故选B。【例文2】

The huge mountain is called Matterhorn. The mountain climbers had reached the top, using the southern route. But no one had 1 to try a winter climbing up the northern side. But now one man was daring to try the 2 route.

1. A. permitted B. admired C. thought D. dared

答案：D

思路分析：文段开头部分讲了这座山，说没人敢爬上它。

2. A. difficult B. bad C. same D. easy

答案：A

思路分析：虽然难，但是现在有人敢于挑战。

（七）通过文章深层意义的理解选择答案

通过文章深层意义来选择答案，是完形填空难度最大的一种形式。该题目的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。测试内容包括篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系，也就是说，对短文的整体理解是非常重要的，这种考查项目的设计所占的比例较大，且难度也大。考生必须跨越句子层次和段落层次才能选出正确的答案来。【例文】

When I was a teenager, my dad did everything he could to advise me against becoming a brewer（啤酒酿造商）. He’d spent his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living. He didn’t want me to be anywhere near a vat of beer.

So I did as he asked. I got good grades, went to Harvard, and in 1971, was accepted into a graduate program there. In my sec ond year of grade school, I began to realize that I’d never done anything but go to school. So at 24 I decided to drop out. _________, my parents didn’t think this was a great idea.

A. Obviously

B. However

C. Therefore

D. Instead

答案：A

思路分析：根据第一段中对父亲的描写，他极不愿意干酿造啤酒的工作，所以当我跟他说我要辍学时，他显然是不会同意的。该题学生很容易选成B项，在这里不是表示转折，以父亲原来的态度看，很自然他会不同意的。这就考查了同学们对文章的理解能力。

二、难点聚焦

完形填空解题技巧

（一）注意词汇知识的运用

完形填空中对词汇的考查以实词为主，如形容词、动词、副词等。其中有相当一部分词汇题中各个选项之间并无大的联系。这类题要求考生应从上下文的语意入手，根据各选项单词的意思和结构进行选择。

1. 注意动词自身的结构功能

2. 注意分析上下文的情景

3. 注意上下句的联系，不要孤立地根据一句进行判断

4. 注意介词的表意功能和搭配功能

5. 根据代词在上下文中的替代作用选择适当的代词

6. 注意词语的搭配，根据搭配选择正确答案

（1）注意常用短语动词的辨认

（2）注意动词与名词、介词和副词的搭配功能

（3）注意形容词与名词的搭配

（4）注意名词与介词的搭配

（5）注意形容词与介词的搭配

7. 注意区分同义词、近义词和形似词

8. 运用语法知识

（二）运用篇章技巧

（三）运用逻辑关系

三、状元笔记

做完形填空题时的步骤：

1. 通读全文，统揽全局。

2. 逐句分析，前后推理。

3. 通篇理解，上下一致。

4. 复读全文，核对答案。

（全国卷）In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life，a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 course about 20 years ago.

The professor 37 the lecture hall，placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans，and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained．After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin，dry smile，announced the 40 answer, and went on saying，“You have just 4l an important lesson about science．That is：Never 42 your own senses.”

Twenty years later，the 43 could guess what the professor had in mind．He 44 himself，perhaps，as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknown world invisible（无形的）to the 46 ，which can be discovered only through scientific 47 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation．She was just 49 to understand the world．And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 . The professor, however，said that it was 52 . He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute（替代）. “I remember feeling small and 54 ，”the woman says，“and I did the only thing I could do．I 55 the course that afternoon，and I haven’t gone near science since．”

36. A. art B. history C. science D. math

答案：C

思路分析：由第二段中的“You have just 41 an important lesson about science.”可知应选C项。

37. A. searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into

答案：D

思路分析：句意：教授走进演讲厅，把一个装满干豆子的大罐子放在讲桌上……。既然要演讲，当然要先进演讲厅，故选D。

38. A. count B. guess C. report D. watch

答案：B

思路分析：count 数，计算；guess猜测；report报道；watch关注。由第二段中的After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses…可知B项正确。

39. A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to

答案：D

思路分析：学生们大喊大叫地都猜错了答案，这是教授听到的，所以才有后文的教授略微笑了一下并宣布了正确答案。

40. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult

答案：C

思路分析：前面提到学生们都猜错了答案，故这里应说教授给出了正确答案。

41. A. learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken

答案：A

思路分析：教授知道学生们是在主观猜测，故说道：“在科学方面你们刚刚吸取教训，那就是：永远不要相信自己的感觉。”learn a lesson意为“吸取一个教训”。

42. A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. show

答案：B

思路分析：结合第41小题的解析可知B项正确。

43. A. lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman

答案：D

思路分析：由下文描述可知：20年后，那位女士能猜出教授心里想的是什么。

44. A. described B. respected C. saw D. served

答案：C

思路分析：句意：也许教授认为自己是让学生开始了一次通向一个肉眼看不见的未知世界的令人兴奋的旅程，而这一未知世界只有通过科学手段才能被发现。see…as 认为……是符合题意。

45. A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush

答案：A

思路分析：此处voyage指抽象的探索科学真理的过程。movement运动；change变化；rush 冲；这几个词都表达不出科学探索之路的艰辛。

46. A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light

答案：B

思路分析：an unknown world invisible to the eye肉眼看不见的未知世界。

47. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods

答案：D

思路分析：肉眼看不见的未知世界只能通过科学手段去发现，故选D。

48. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse

答案：A

思路分析：句意：但是当时17岁的女孩无法接受甚至听不明白教授的启发。根据句意可知A项正确。

49. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting

答案：B

思路分析：句意：（17岁的）她刚刚开始理解这个世界。根据句意可知B项正确。

50. A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained

答案：A

思路分析：句意：并且她相信她的亲身经历可能就是真理。根据句意可知A项正确。51. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth

答案：D

思路分析：growth生长，成长；strength力气，优点；faith忠诚，忠实；truth事实，真理。根据句意要选D项。

52. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable

答案：C

思路分析：由上下文可知，教授说那是错误的，故说…it was wrong。

53. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection

答案：B

思路分析：教授虽然说那是错误的，但没有告诉她其他了解世界的方法，也就是说教授把她唯一了解世界的方法给否定了，却未提供给她了解世界的其他方法。tool除有“工具”的意

思之外，还有“方法”之意，故选B项。

54. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave

答案：C

思路分析：由上下文可知，女孩应感到渺小和害怕。

55. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed

答案：A

思路分析：当时女孩做了唯一能做的事，当天下午就放弃了科学课，从此再也没有走近科学。drop意为“放弃”。

英语完形填空2

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