《梁书·张弘策传》阅读训练及答案译文

《梁书·张弘策传》阅读训练及答案译文

张弘策，字真简，范阳方城人，文献皇后之从父弟也。幼以孝闻。母尝有疾，五日不食，

弘策亦不食。母强为进粥，乃食母所余。遭母忧

．．，三年不食盐菜，几至灭性。兄弟友爱，不忍暂离。起家齐邵陵王国常侍，迁奉朝请、西中郎江夏王行参军。

弘策与高祖

．．年相辈，幼见亲狎，恒随高祖游处。建武末，弘策从高祖宿，酒酣，徙席星下，语及时事。是冬，魏军寇新野，高祖将兵为援，且受密旨，仍代曹虎为雍州。弘策从高祖西行，仍参帷幄，身亲军役，不惮辛苦。

五年秋，明帝崩，遗诏以高祖为雍州刺史，乃表弘策为录事参军，带襄阳令。高祖睹海内方乱，有匡济之心，密为储备，谋猷所及，惟弘策而已。

义师将起，高祖夜召弘策、吕僧珍入宅定议，旦乃发兵，以弘策为辅国将军、军主，领万人督后部军事。及郢城平，诸将皆欲顿军夏口，高祖以为宜乘势长驱，直指京邑，以计语弘策，弘策与高祖意合。义师至新林，高祖遣弘策持节．劳勉，众成奋厉。高祖入顿石头城，弘策屯门禁卫引接士类多全免城平高祖遣弘策与吕僧珍先入清官封检府库于时城内珍宝委积弘策申勒部曲秋毫无犯天监初，加散骑常侍，洮阳县侯，邑二千二百户。弘策尽忠奉上，知无不为，交友故旧，随才荐拔，搢绅皆趋焉。

时东昏[注]余党初逢赦令，多未自安，数百人因运获炬束仗，得入南北掖作乱，烧神虎门、总章观。弘策方救火，盗潜后害之，时年四十七。高祖深恸惜焉。

弘策为人宽厚通率，笃旧故。及居隆重，不以贵势自高。故人宾客，礼接如布衣时。禄赐皆散之亲友。及其遇害，莫不痛惜焉。

【注】东昏，指东昏侯萧宝卷，齐明帝萧鸾次子，南朝齐第六位皇帝，荒唐残暴，高祖萧衍称帝后将他贬为东昏侯。

(选自《梁书·张弘策传》，有删节) 10．下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是(3分)

A．弘策屯门禁卫／引接士类／多全免／城平／高祖遣弘策与吕僧珍先入清宫／封检府库／于时城内珍宝委积/弘策申／勒部曲秋毫无犯／

B．弘策屯门／禁卫引接士类／多全免/城平／高祖遣弘策与吕僧珍先入清宫／封检府库／于时城内珍宝委积／弘策申勒部曲／秋毫无犯／

C．弘策屯门禁卫／引接士类／多全免/城平／高祖遣弘策与吕僧珍先入清宫／封检府库／于时城内珍宝委积／弘策申勒部曲／秋毫无犯／

D．弘策屯门／禁卫引接士类／多全免/城平／高祖遣弘策与吕僧珍先入清官／封检府库

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七年级课外文言文阅读训练(含答案) 一 先公（指欧阳修）四岁而孤，家贫无资。太夫人以荻（与芦苇相似的草本植物）画地，教以书字。多诵古人篇章。使学为诗。及其稍长，而家无书读，就闾里（街坊）士人家借而读之，或因而抄录。抄录未毕，已能诵其书，以至昼夜忘寝食，唯读书是务。自幼所作诗赋文字，下笔已如成人。 1、选出下列加点字解释有误的一项：( ) A、以荻画地以：用 B、教以书字：写 C、使学为诗为：作为 D、及其稍长及：等到 2、欧阳公“自幼所作诗赋文字，下笔已如成人”的最根本原因是：( ) A、欧阳修聪明过人 B、太夫人教子有方 C、闾里士人家慷慨借书 D、欧阳修刻苦攻读 3、将下列语句翻译成现代汉语 （1）多诵古人篇章。 （2）唯读书是务。 二守株待兔 宋人有耕者，田中有株，兔走触株，折颈而死。因释其耒而守株，冀复得兔。兔不可复得，而身为宋国笑。（16分） 4、解释文中加点的词。 ①兔走触株（）②因释其耒而守株（） ③冀复得兔（）④而身为宋国笑（） 5、下列句子中加点的“为”与“而身为宋国笑”中的“为”意思相同的一项是（） A、舌一吐而二虫尽为所吞 B、为人谋而不忠乎 C、始悟为山市 D、此何遽不为福乎 6、翻译文中画线的句子。 7、为什么宋人不会再得到兔子？ 三 郑人有欲买履者，先自度其足，而置之其坐。至之市，而忘操之。已得履，乃曰：“吾忘持度。”反归取之。及反，市罢，遂不得履。人曰：“何不试之以足？”曰：“宁信度，无自信也。”

8、给加点字注音并解释。 （1）先自度其足（）（）（2）吾忘持度（）（） （3）宁信度（）（） 9、翻译下列句子。 郑人有欲买履者， 先自度其足， 而置之其坐。 10、《郑人买履》告诉我们什么道理？ 11、探究：文中“之”字共出现五次，它们的意思一样吗？任意选择三句，说说句中的“之”是什么意思，或有什么作用。 而置之其坐（）至之市（）而忘操之（） 反归取之（）何不试之以足（）、 四 蜀之鄙有二僧，其一贫，其一富。贫者语于富者曰：“吾欲之南海，何如？”富者曰：“子何恃而往？”曰：“吾一瓶一钵足矣。”富者曰：“吾数年来欲买舟而下，犹未能也。子何恃而往？”越明年，贫者自南海还，以告富者。富者有惭色。 西蜀之去南海，不知几千里也，僧富者不能至而贫者至焉。人之立志，顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉？是故聪与敏，可恃而不可恃也；自恃其聪与敏而不学者，自败者也。昏与庸，可限而不可限也；不自限其昏与庸而力学不倦者，自力者也。 12、解释文段中加点的词语。 ①蜀之鄙有二僧：______ ___ ②吾欲之南海：__ ________ ③顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉：______ __ ④是故聪与敏_______ ___ 13、翻译划横线的语句。 __________________________ __________________ 14、作者分别举“贫者”“富者”的例，采用的是一种________方法，这样写，是为了说明人之为学，关键在_____ _______。 五、王冕僧寺夜读《宋学士文集》 王冕者，诸暨人。七八岁时，父命牧牛陇上，窃入学舍，听诸生诵书；听已，辄默记。暮归，忘其牛，父怒挞之。已而复如初。母曰：“儿痴如此，曷不听其所为？”冕因去，依僧寺以居。夜潜出坐佛膝上，执策映长明灯读之，琅琅达旦。佛像多土偶，狞恶可怖，；冕小儿，恬若不知。 15、结合文意，解释下列句中加点的词。

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英语阅读理解带翻译10篇精选 英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery： giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像绝大部分人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这个重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，

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古诗张纲传翻译赏析

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初中课外文言文阅读训练含答案 姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________ 一、文言文阅读（共11题） 1.文征明习字《书林纪事》 【原文】 文征明临写《千字文》，日以十本为率，书遂大进。平生于书，未尝苟且，或答人简札，少不当意，必再三易之不厌，故愈老而愈益精妙。 【阅读训练】 1．解释下面句中加点的词 ①书遂大进②平生于书③文征明临写《千字文 》 ④或答人简札 2．将“少不当意，必再三易之不厌”译成现代汉语。 译 文 3．用一句话来概括这段文字的中心。 答： 【答案】答案： 【译文】 文征明监贴写《文字文》，每天以写十本作为标准，书法就迅速进步起来。他平生对于写字，从来也不马虎草率。有时给人回信，稍微有一点不全意，一定三番五次改写过它，不怕麻烦。因此他的书法越到老年，越发精致美好。 1.①书法②写字③临摹④有时 2.稍微不称心，必定再三地更改它而不感到厌倦。 3.本段文字赞扬了文明学习书法认真，一丝不苟的精神。 难度：中等知识点：人物传记类 2.张无垢勤学《鹤林玉露》 【原文】 张无垢谪横浦，寓城西宝界寺。其寝室有短窗，每日昧爽执书立窗下，就明而读。如是者十四年。洎北归，窗下石上，双趺之迹隐然，至今犹存。 【阅读训练】 1．解释下列句中加点的词。

①张无垢谪横浦②每日昧爽辄执书立窗 下 ③就明而读④如是者十四 年 2．翻译划线的句子。 译文 ： 3．选出下列句中加点词的用法和意思相同的一项（） 是马也，虽有千里之能其如土石何 A B 如是者十四年其寝室有短窗 4．这个故事叙述张九成勤奋学习的事迹。“天才出自勤奋”这是古今学者经过实践总结出来的真理，请举出几个古今中外的有关这个方面的例子 【答案】【译文】 张九成被贬官到横浦，住在城西的界寺。他住的房间一扇短窗，每天天将亮时，他总是拿着书本站在窗下，就着微弱的晨光读书。这样一直坚持了十四年这久。等到他回到北方了，在窗下的石头上，双脚踏出的痕迹还隐约可见。 1.①降职远调贬官②总是③光，光亮④这 2.双脚踏出的痕迹还隐约可见。 3.A 4.略 难度：中等知识点：人物传记类 3.程门立雪《宋史》 【原文】 杨时见程颐于洛。时盖年四十矣。一日见颐，颐偶瞑坐，时与游酢侍立不去。颐既觉，则门外雪深一尺矣。 【阅读训练】 1．解释句中加点的词。 时与游酢侍立不去颐既 觉 2．你从文中得到什么启发？ 答： 【答案】【译文】 杨时到洛阳求见程颐。杨时大概当时有四十岁了。一天拜见程颐的时候，程颐偶尔坐着打瞌睡。杨时与游酢站在门外等着没有离开。等到程颐醒后，门外积雪已经一尺多厚了。 1.离开睡醒 2.杨时谦虚好学、孜孜以求的精神值得学习。

四级阅读理解与翻译

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music. Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype. a US study says. Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man". The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being faded by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls. The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modem genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes, "James wrote. Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, " the study reported. 57. The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ . A) force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men" B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man 58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____ . A) Perform relatively better C) behave more responsibly B) grow up more healthily D) receive a better education 59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?