王长喜预测翻译

预测翻译30 篇

1

由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”（―Roof of the World‖），自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于欠发达地区。但是，过去60 年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌，而且西藏人民生活质量也大大提高了。2000 年，西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机等消费品进入了越来越多的寻常百姓家。

Located on the ―Roof of the World‖, Tibet is still an underdeveloped ar ea in China due to its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by the backward feudal serfdom with a history of hundreds of years. However, the development in the past 60 years in Tibet has dramatically changed its former poverty and backwardness and the Tibetan people’s living standards have been remarkably improved. In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet had basically shaken off poverty and had adequate food and clothes. Part of them have begun to live a w ell-off life. As people’s livelihood improves, consumer goods such as refrigerators, colour TV sets and washing machines have entered more and more ordinary people’s home.

2

当今世界，环境保护已经成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题。过去10 年里，海平面上升和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、温室效应等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境和健康。中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策，并在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动。

Nowadays, environmental protection has become an issue that the governments of many countries and people from all walks of life commonly care about. During the past ten years, sea level rose and forests were destroyed at an unprecedented rate while a series of environmental problems, such as deterioration of ecosystem, extinction of species, and the green-house effect, have posed a serious threat to human living

conditions and health. As a developing country, China is confronted with the dual tasks of developing economy and protecting environment. Based on its national conditions, China has, in the process of promoting overall modernization, made environmental protection one of its basic state policies, and carried out nationwide campaigns of pollution prevention and treatment as well as environment and ecology protection.

3

推行各种便民措施（convenience-for-people measures）是城镇化重要的一步。一方面，城镇化不是简单地把农村居民迁到城市，而是要让为城市做出巨大贡献的外来务工者（migrant workers）享受到城市居民的社会福利。另一方面，城镇化中重要的问题是户籍制度改革，国家非常重视。这次的便民措施在户籍制度改革上是一个突破和表率。城镇化的理想，就是全国社会养老、社会医疗、失业保障、文化教育一视同仁，这样才能给中国经济注入新的活力，消除城乡二元经济（urban and rural dual economy）。

An important step of Chinese urbanization is to implement various types of convenience-for-people measures. On the one hand, urbanization is not just to move the rural residents to cities but to make the migrant workers, who make great contributions to cities, have equal access to the social welfare of urban residents. On the other hand, the central government pays high attention to the reform of household registration system, which is crucial to urbanization. The implemented convenience-for-people measures are a breakthrough and an example of the reform of household registration system. The goal of urbanization is to give equal access to social pension, social medical treatment, unemployment security and culture and education to all, so that new vitality will be injected to Chinese economy and the urban and rural dual economy will be eliminated.

4

中华民族历来尊重人的尊严（dignity）和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”。一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。今天的中国是

一个超过13 亿人口的发展中大国，如果不解决好最广大人民的生存权和发展权，人的尊严也就无从谈起。

The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value. Even in the ancient times, our ancestors put forward the idea that ―people are the most important‖ and believed ―man is the most valuable among all the things that nature fosters‖. All the progress and development of a society depend upon human development and progress and how well human dignity is maintained and how much their value is realized. The large vitality shown by China today is a vivid picture of the wide freedom and democracy. In today’s China, the large developing country with a population of over 1.3 billion, if the rights to subsistence and development of the majority of Chinese people are not given priority to, there would be no need to mention human dignity.

5

改革开放以来，中国社会的家庭结构发生着巨大的改变。传统的大家庭模式越来越多地被以核心家庭（nuclear families）为主的多样化的小家庭模式所取代。与此相一致的是，以父辈为权威的大家庭越来越多地让位于以子女，特别是独生子女为中心的小家庭制度。人口老龄化进程的加速与家庭制度的演变，使得养老问题的严峻性愈加凸显。大众传媒和各种娱乐设施，极大地转移和丰富了人们的生活内容，人们已经不再主要以家庭为唯一娱乐的场所。

The family structures in Chinese society have been undergoing dramatic changes since the reform and opening-up policy. Traditional extended families have been increasingly replaced by various small households, especially nuclear families. Correspondingly, extended families with the elder as authorities are giving place to smaller families with children, especially the only child, as the centre. The changes of family patterns, along with the acceleration of population aging in the country, make the provision for the aged a severe problem. Mass media and various recreation facilities greatly distract people and enrich their lives, so that homes are no longer the only place

to enjoy themselves.

6

中国房地产市场价格超出了大多数中国人的承受能力。今年八月，全国70 个大城市的房价比去年同期上涨了9%还多。这使得中国许多人买不起房。为此，中国正在收紧对房屋抵押贷款（mortgage lending）的限制，希望能给房地产市场降温。政府表示，第一次买房需要支付的首付从20%提高到30%。购买第二套住房需支付的首付从40%上升到50%。政府禁止对购买第三套住房的人发放贷款。这些行动在一定程度上遏制了房地产价格的不断攀升。

The prices of Chinese real estate market are beyond the reach of most Chinese. In this August, housing prices in 70 major Chinese cities were up by more than 9 percent over the year before. That has kept many persons from buying properties in China. Therefore, China is tightening limits on mortgage lending in the hope of cooling the market. The government said that a 30-percent down payment will be required during first-home purchases, up from 20 percent. Purchases of the second houses will require 50 percent, up from 40 percent. Loans for purchases of the third houses are banned. These actions have curbed the run-up in real estate prices to some extent.

7

最近对中国1.8 万名表示有兴趣在家教育（homeschool）孩子的父母进行的调查显示，其中约有2000 人已经开始在家给孩子上课。该调查由北京非政府组织21 世纪教育研究院进行，调查数据通过多种网络平台收集。上述调查显示，选择在家教育孩子的中国父母中，一半以上的人这样做的原因是他们反对传统学校性质死板的教学理念。其他选择在家教育孩子的人认为，普通课堂的教授进度太慢，孩子没有得到充分尊重。另有7%的人说，他们的孩子就是讨厌传统学校生活。

According to a recent survey of 18,000 parents in China who have expressed their interest in homeschooling their children, about 2,000 of them have already started to give lessons to their kids at home. Conducted by the 21st-Century Education Research Institute, a Beijing-based NGO, the survey data was collected via various online platforms. According to the survey, among Chinese parents who choose to teach their kids at home, over half of them do so because they object to the teaching philosophy of traditional schools, which tends to be fairly rigid in nature. Others who choose to homeschool their kids think that in ordinary classrooms, pace of lessons is too slow, and that kids are not fully respected. Another 7% said their kids are simply sick of traditional school life.

8

在过去的十多年间，中国交通的飞速发展极大地方便了人们的出行。高速铁

路的出现缩短了人们在国内一些主要的城市穿行的时间。中国于20 世纪90 年

代初开始规划高铁建设，于1999 年开始建设第一条高速铁路的路线——秦沈客

运专线，并在2003 年开通，设计时速250 公里/小时。到2011 年时，中国已经

建成了长达8,358 公里、全球最长的高铁网。这个高铁网仍在快速扩大，到2015

年时将建成“4+4”结构的全国快速客运网。

The past decade has wi tnessed the rapid development of China’s transportation, which brings much convenience to people’s travel. The appearance of high-speed rail makes it possible for people to spend much less time in traveling through some major domestic cities. State plannin g for China’s high-speed railway began in the early 1990s, and the country started construction of its first high-speed rail line, the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Passenger Railway, in 1999, which subsequently opened in 2003 with a design speed of 250 km/h. By 2011, China had had the world’s longest high-speed rail network with 8,358 km. The network is still rapidly expanding to create the 4+4 National High Speed Rail Grid by 2015.

9

中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，也是一个充满时代生机的东方大国，拥有许多得天独厚的旅游资源。古代中国的风采神韵与现代中国的蓬勃英姿交相辉映，这些都为发展国内外旅游创造了优越的条件。新中国成立后，特别是改革开放以来，中国政府高度重视旅游业，旅游业持续快速发展，已经成为一个富有蓬勃活力和巨大潜力的新兴产业。目前，中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入（foreign currency receipts）跃居世界前列。出境(outbound)旅游人数迅速增加，已经成为旅游大国。

As a country with a long history of civilization, China is a vast oriental nation which is full of modern vitality and endowed with many tourism resources. The ancient glory and charm of China and its modern boom add charm to each other and help create good conditions for developing tourism at home and abroad. After the founding of the PRC, especially since the reform and opening up, the Chinese government has paid close attention to the tourism industry, which has been developing steadily and rapidly as an emerging dynamic industry with great potential. At present, China ranks among

the top destinations in the world in terms of both tourist arrival and foreign currency receipts. The number of our outbound tourists is also increasing rapidly. China is now an important tourism country.

10

人口问题本质上是发展问题，只有通过经济、社会、文化的发展，才能获得解决。解决人口问题不仅应关注数量，还应强调提高素质、提高生活质量和福利，实现人的全面（all-round）发展。中国在经济不发达的情况下，用较短的时间实现了人口再生产类型（reproduction pattern）从高出生、低死亡、高增长到低出生、低死亡、低增长的历史性转变，走完了一些发达国家数十年乃至上百年才走完的路，努力实现人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的协调（coordinated）发展和可持续发展。

The issue of population is essentially a problem of development and could only be solved through economic, social and cultural development. Besides slowing-down population growth, efforts should also be made to improve the population quality, quality of life and welfare so as to achieve all-round human development. When economically underdeveloped, China has accomplished a historic transition in population reproduction pattern from one featuring high birth rate, low death rate and high growth rate to one featuring low birth rate, low death rate and low growth rate in a relatively short period of time, a change that took decades or even up to a hundred years for developed countries to achieve in the past, so as to achieve a coordinated and sustained development of population, economy, society, resources and environment.

11

在中国，小孩儿的满月酒独具特色。在孩子的成长过程中，这个仪式有里程碑式的纪念意义。小孩儿出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。按照中国的传统，这一天，家里会充满喜庆和节日的氛围，满月酒要办得热热闹闹才行。不过最近这些年，这个习俗在年轻夫妇中已经逐渐被淡化了。但是，小孩儿满月对于每个家庭来说，仍然是一个非常值得纪念的高兴的日子。

In China, One-Month-Old Feast of a baby is of unique Chinese characteristics. This ceremony is a remarkable milestone in the growing process of a baby. On the day when

a baby is one month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to celebrate the occasion. In a traditional One-Month-Old Ceremony, there will be a rejoicing and festive atmosphere in the family and the feast is supposed to be lively and joyful. However, in recent years this custom has been gradually abandoned among young people. Nevertheless, One-Month-Old Feast remains a memorable and happy moment for every family.

12

早在汉代，产生于印度的佛教就已经传入中国。佛教在中国的发展过程中不断中国化，成为深刻地影响着中国人的宗教思想体系——佛学思想。隋唐时期是佛教中国化的重要时期。这一时期，随着国家的统一、经济的发展和文化交流的日益频繁，佛学获得了空前的发展。唐代统治者实行儒（Confucianism）、佛、道（Taoism）并行的政策。佛学在与中国传统文化融合（amalgamation）的过程中，吸收了儒家和道家的思想，形成了一些中国化的佛学宗派。禅宗（Zen）便是其中最有生命力的一派。

As early as in the Han Dynasty, Buddhism, originated from ancient India, was introduced to China. During its development in China, Buddhism had to constantly adapt itself to the actual conditions in China so as to become one of the most important religions in China that deeply influence thoughts and living habits of the majority of Chinese. The Sui and Tang dynasties are the important periods for the localisation of Buddhism in China. In these periods, with the unity of the country, the development of the economy and more and more frequent exchanges of culture, the study of Buddhism reached an unprecedented height. In the Tang Dynasty, the rulers put forward the policy that Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism would coexist. In the process of amalgamation of Buddhism and Chinese traditional culture, Buddhism absorbed the thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism and therefore some Chinese Buddhism schools emerged, amongst which Zen is considered to be full of vitality.

13

在中国，农历七月初七的夜晚是人们俗称的七夕节（Double Seven Festival），它是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。“七夕”是一个由爱情神话演绎

的节日。故事主角天上的织女（Weaving Maid）和人间的牛郎（Cowherd）互相爱慕，结为夫妻，后来却被拆散。二人化成牛郎星（Altair）和织女星（V ega），分隔在银河两岸，每年只能在农历七月初七那天在鹊桥（Magpie Bridge）相会，有情男女都会在这个晚上祈祷姻缘美满。作为中国颇具浪漫色彩的民俗节日，“七夕节”被称为“中国情人节”。

In China, the night of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month is called Double Seven Festival, the most romantic traditional Chinese festival. Double Seven Festival is a festival that originated from a love legend. The leading characters in the story are the Weaving Maid in heaven and the Cowherd down on earth. As a result of their mutual adoration and attraction for each other, they eventually got married. But then later they were forced to break up. The two became the Altair and the V ega separated on either side of the Milky Way, and could only meet each other once a year on the Magpie Bridge on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. Men and women that have affectionate feelings for each other will pray on that night for a beautiful marriage. As a traditional Chinese festival full of romance, Double Seventh Festival is also known as Chinese V alentine’s Da y.

14

中国皮影戏（Chinese shadow play）作为一种民间艺术，拥有悠久的历史，曾在中国29 个省市流行。皮影戏有点像电影，因为它也需要屏幕和演员。但是，与电影不同，皮影戏又有它的独特性。皮影所需要的演员不是真实的人，而是用牛皮制作的皮影人形，这些人形由一个人控制着，并用光将它们反射到幕布上，观众坐在另一侧欣赏演出。在这些皮影表演的同时，会加入乐器的演奏和戏剧的唱腔。据说中国的皮影戏是世界电影最早的雏形，同时也是现代电影的基础。

As a form of folk art, Chinese shadow play has a long history and was once popular in 29 provinces and cities. Chinese shadow play is somewhat like the film which also needs screen, ―actor‖ and ―actress‖, but shadow play has its own unique feature that mak es it different from films. The ―actors‖ and ―actresses‖ in a shadow play are not real persons but figures made of cow leather. Being controlled by someone, these figures are reflected on the screen. Audience watch the play on the other side of the screen. When the play goes on, someone plays the instrument and someone sings the opera. It is said that Chinese shadow play is the earliest form of the world film and is the basis of the modern film.

15

文天祥是中国历史上的名臣，江西人。他从小爱读历史上忠臣烈士的传记，立志要向他们学习，年轻时就考中了状元。忽必烈建立元朝以后，他带兵逼近临安（南宋首都，今杭州）。南宋朝廷在危急中任命文天祥为右丞相，去和元军谈判。然而文天祥被元军扣押，在押往大都途中，他趁机逃走，并在福州、广东重新组织力量抗击元军，最终因力量悬殊（disparity）被元军再次抓住，关押了3 年，宁愿死也不肯投降。1283 年，年仅47 岁的文天祥去世。

Wen Tianxiang, who was born in Jiangxi Province, was a renowned minister in history. In his youth, he was fond of reading biographies of loyal ministers, and made up his mind to model himself on them. In his youth, he achieved the first place in the imperial civil examination. When Kublai Khan founded the Y uan Dynasty, he commanded armies to approach Lin’an (the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, today’s Hangzhou). Appointed the Prime Minister by the Southern Song in the emergency situation, Wen Tianxiang went to negotiate with the Y uan army. However, he was detained by the Y uan side, but managed to escape on the way of being escorted to Dadu. Wen escaped to Fuzhou and Guangdong, where he reorganised forces to fight against the Y uan army. He was captured once more because of the great disparity in forces between the two sides, and spent three years as a prisoner. He would rather die than surrender. Wen Tianxiang died in 1283 at the age of 47.

16

玄奘（602—664）少年时就出家做了和尚。他精通佛教经典，发现翻译过来的佛经错误很多，于是决心到佛教发源地的天竺（今印度半岛）去取经求学。627 年，玄奘从长安出发，一路西行。他穿过大片沙漠，克服重重困难，整整走了一年，终于到达天竺。玄奘在天竺先后拜访佛教六大圣地（Buddhist Holy Lands），留学天竺达15 年之久。42 岁时，玄奘带着657 部佛经回到长安。玄奘为中国文化的发展，为中外文化交流做出了巨大的贡献。

Xuanzang (602—664) became a monk when he was young. He acquired a good command of the Buddhist classics, and he found that there were a great many errors in the translated Buddhist scriptures. Therefore, he decided to go to Tianzhu (today’s Indian Peninsula), the birthplace of Buddhism, to study and bring back authentic scriptures. Xuanzang started his journey to the west from Chang’an in 627. He crossed

mountains and deserts, overcoming numerous hardships, and finally reached Tianshu after a journey of a whole year. Xuanzang studied in Tianzhu and stayed there for as long as 15 years, rendering homage to six Buddhist Holy Lands successively. At the age of 42, Xuanzang returned to Chang’an, bringing back 657 Buddhist scriptures. He made great contributions to the development of Chinese culture and cultural exchanges between China and other countries.

17

中国的大河如黄河、长江等，大多数是从西向东奔流入海。但是，有一条贯通南北的河流，它是一条人工河道，这就是著名的大运河。605 至610 年，隋炀帝为了加强对全国的控制，使江南地区的物资能够更方便地运到北方来，动用了几百万民工，花费了约6 年的时间，开凿了这条大运河。大运河的开通，使南方的粮食和物资源源不断运到北方，对于促进南北经济、文化的交流和发展，维护国家的统一，起到了非常重要的作用。

China’s major rivers, such as the Y ellow River and the Y angtze River, flow from west to east into the ocean. But there is a river which joins up the north and the south. It is a man-dug waterway, known as the famous Grand Canal. From 605 to 610, in order to strengthen his control of the country and to transport the materials more accessibly from the south of the Y angtze River to the north, Emperor Y angdi of the Sui Dynasty gathered several million workers to construct this Grand Canal. It took them about six years to complete. The opening of the Grand Canal helped to transport grains and materials from south to north continuously and thus played a very important role in promoting the economic and cultural development and in maintaining political unity of the whole country.

18

隋唐时期，经济空前繁荣，对外交往频繁，科技文化成就辉煌。唐代的书法、绘

画、雕刻等成就都很高；唐诗在中国古代诗歌史上发展到了最高峰（acme），李白、杜甫是唐朝最伟大的诗人；唐代散文也有很大成就，韩愈和柳宗元是杰出的代表。唐朝不仅是中国古代强大的王朝，也是当时世界上最繁荣富强的国家之一。隋、唐王朝的兴盛也影响了周

边国家，特别是日本、朝鲜等东亚国家。因为唐朝在国际上的影响巨大而深远，国外称中国人为“唐人”。

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the economy of China prospered, exchanges with the outside world were frequent, and glorious scientific and cultural achievements appeared. Calligraphy, painting and sculpture flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In particular, Tang Dynasty poetry is regarded as the acme of this genre, represented by the greatest poets Li Bai and Du Fu. In the field of prose literature, Han Y u and Liu Zongyuan were outstanding. Tang was one of the richest and most powerful countries both in ancient China and in the world at that time. The burgeoning economy and culture

of the Sui and Tang dynasties influenced the countries around China, especially the countries in East Asia such as Japan and Korea. Because of the Tang Dynasty’s enormous internat ional influence, Chinese people were called the ―People of Tang‖ by foreigners.

19

秦在公元前770 年才被封为中国西部一个诸侯国（vassal state），疆域较小，国

力不盛。自商鞅变法后，

秦很快成为战国七雄中的强国。秦王嬴政当政以后，发动了大规模的扩张战争，历时十年，先后灭了韩、赵、魏、楚、燕、齐，于公元前221 年统一了六国，结束了长期以来诸侯割据称雄的局面，建立了中国历史上第一个统一的多民族封建国家。秦朝的疆域，东到大海，西到陇西，北到长城一带，南到南海，人口达到2 000 多万。

It was not until 770 BC that the State of Qin came into existence as one of the vassal states in western China. Its territory is small, and national power is weak. Later, it emerged as one of the seven most powerful states in Warrying States Times, after the Shang Y ang’s reform. King Ying Zheng embarked on a campaign of expansion. In only ten years, Qin vanquished the Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Y an and Qi one after another, and united the whole of China in 221 BC, thus ended the long divided situation, and established the first united multi-ethnic feudal country in Chinese history. Qin’s territory, embracing over 20 million people, reached the sea in the east, Longxi in the west, the Great Wall in the north and the South China Sea in the south.

20

在陕北，人们的喜怒哀乐都可以用民歌的形式来表达。无论是站在崇山峻岭之巅，还是走在弯弯曲曲的山道里，到处都可以听到顺风飘来的悠扬歌声，这就是陕北民歌（the northern Shaanxi folk songs）。陕北民歌种类很多，以小调（Small Tune）和信天游（Xin Tian-you）为主。小调以叙事为主，一般都有场景、人物、故事情节，还有细节描写。信天游篇幅比较短小，是即兴创作的产物，可以根据不同场景自由吟唱。在8000 首陕北民歌中，反映爱情生活、婚姻问题，或与这些内容有关的作品，占全部民歌的80%。

In northern Shaanxi, all the feelings of happiness, anger, sadness and joy can be expressed in folk songs. Wherever you go, standing on the top of the mountains or walking on the winding rocky roads, you can always hear the sweet songs in the blow of wind — the northern Shaanxi folk songs. Northern Shaanxi folk songs have many types among which Small Tune and Xin Tian-you hold the leading positions. Small Tune, mainly narrative, generally has scenes, characters, plots and details. Xin Tian-you is a kind of folk song widely popular in northern Shaanxi. Short and made on the spot, it can be sung freely depending on different scenes. In the 8,000 Northern Shaanxi folk songs, the songs reflecting love, marriage and the like amount to 80%。

21

茅以升（1896 – 1989）是著名的中国建筑学家和桥梁专家。他于1917 年获美国

康奈尔大学硕士学位，1919 年获美国卡耐基理工学院（the Carnegie Institute of Technology）（现为卡内基梅隆大学Carnegie Mellon

University）博士学位，是该校的第一位博士。茅以升被认为是中国近代桥梁事业的先驱。他倾尽毕生心血设计了中国近代史上最著名的两座桥梁：杭州附近的钱塘江大桥（Chien Tang River Bridge）和武汉长江大桥（Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge）。钱塘江大桥是由他主持设计修建的、中国人自行设计和修建的第一座铁路、公路两用(dual-purpose)桥。他参与修建的武汉长江大桥是长江上的第一座跨江大桥。

Mao Yisheng (1896 – 1989) was a well-known Chinese structural engineer and an expert on bridge construction in China. He earned his Master's degree from Cornell University in 1917 and earned the first Ph.D. ever granted by the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) in 1919. Mao was regarded as the founder of modern bridge engineering. Mao’s long and productive career included

designing two of the most famous modern bridges in China, the Chien Tang River Bridge near Hangzhou, and the Wuhan Y angtze River Bridge. The Chien Tang River Bridge designed with his guidance is the first dual-purpose road-and-railway bridge designed and built by the Chinese themselves. He also participated in the construction of Wuhan Y angtze River Bridge，which is the first river-spanning bridge on the Y angtze River.

22

人民英雄纪念碑是一座高十层的方尖碑（obelisk），它作为中华人民共和国的国家纪念碑，是为了纪念在19 世纪和20 世纪的斗争中牺牲的烈士。它位于北京天安门广场以南、毛主席纪念堂以北。纪念碑的建筑师是梁思成，碑身的部分元素由他的夫人林徽因女士设计。纪念碑通高37.94 米，占地约3,000 平方米。纪念碑的底座上有8 幅巨大的浮雕（bas-relieves），描述了中国近现代史上战争的八大革命性事件。纪念碑的正面镌刻着毛泽东题写的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八个大字。

The Monument to the People’s Heroes is a ten-story obelisk that was erected as the national monument of the People's Republic of China to the martyrs of revolutionary struggle during the 19th and 20th centuries. It is located in the southern part of Tian’anmen Square in Beijing, to the north of Mausoleum of Mao Zedong. The architect of the monument was Liang Sicheng, with some elements designed by his wife, Lin Huiyin. The monument has an estimated height of 37.94 metres and covers an area of about 3,000 square metres. On the pedestal of the tablet are huge bas-relieves depicting eight major revolutionary episodes of modern Chinese history. On the front of the monument is an inscription in Mao Zedong’s handwriting, which reads, ―Eternal glory to the people’s heroes!‖

23

周庄是中国江苏省的一个县城，它位于昆山这个县级市（county-level city），苏州东南部30 公里处。周庄是热门的旅游目的地，它被中国国家旅游局授予―5A级景区‖的称号。周庄是中国最著名的水乡之一，以深厚的历史渊源、保存完好的古代民居和优美的水乡风景而著称，享有―东方威尼斯‖的美誉。周庄四周群湖环抱，河

港纵横，河面上石桥林立，向人们展示水乡特有的风景线。其中，以由世德（Shide Bridge）和永安（Y ong’an Bridge）这两座桥组成的双桥（The Twin Bridges）最为著名，也被认为是周庄的标志。

Zhouzhuang is a town in Jiangsu Province of China. It is located within Kunshan county-level city, 30 km southeast of Suzhou. Zhouzhuang is a popular tourist destination, classified as an AAAAA scenic area by the National Tourism Administration of China. It is one of the most famous water townships in China, noted for its profound cultural background, the well preserved ancient residential houses and the elegant watery views. It has been called the ―Oriential V enice‖. Zhouzhuang is surrounded and divided by lakes and rivers, where many stone bridges cross over, showing distinctive views of the water-town. The Twin Bridges, which comprise of Shide Bridge and Y ong’an Bridge, are the most famous and are also considered as the symbol of Zhouzhuang.

24

农家乐（Agritourism）是生态旅游的一种变体。在中国，城市居民涌入农村去体验农家生活已经成为一种旅游新趋势。游客（Agritourists）可以参加各种各样的活动，例如直接从农场购买农产品、采摘新鲜的蔬果、登山踏青、品尝农家饭等。对于那些去农场的人，尤其对儿童而言，这样的经历能够让他们看到自己所吃食物的来源：可能是一头奶牛，可能是长在地里的一穗玉米，抑或是从树上摘下的一个苹果。在过去的十年里，农家乐飞速发展，这使得乡村旅游前景大好。

Agritourism can be a variant of ecotourism. In China, it is a new trend of tourism for urban citizens to flock to the rural areas to experience farm life. Agritourists can choose from a wide range of activities, including buying produce direct from a farm stand, picking fresh fruit and vegetables, hiking, climbing mountains, tasting farmhouse meals. For many people who visit farms, especially the children, the visit marks the first time they see the source of their food, which can be a dairy cow, an ear of corn growing

in a field, or an apple they can pick right off a tree.

Agritourism has been rapidly growing in the past decade, leading to rural tourism becoming a good business prospect.

25

平遥是中国山西省中部的一个县城，位于距北京715 公里的西南面。它的历史可追溯到约2,700 年前，是迄今为止所知的保存最完整的古城之一。平遥古城目前基本保存了明清时期的县城格局（city layout），整体呈典型的“八卦”方位。古城里保存完好的明清风格的民居建筑有将近4,000 处，街道和店面（storefronts）仍然很大程度上保持了它们的历史风貌。但是，旅游业的兴盛使得这座古城面临压力，在旅游旺季，游客的数量最多可以达到它每天最大接待量的3 倍。

Pingyao is a county in central Shanxi province in China. It is located in the southwest approximately 715 kilometres away from Beijing. Its history dates back about 2,700 years, and is one of the best preserved ancient cities in the known world. Pingyao Ancient City still keeps its city layout from the Ming and Qing dynasties, conforming to a typical Ba gua pattern. Preserved Ming- and Qing-style residences number is close to 4,000. The streets and storefronts still largely retain their historical appearance. However, increases in tourism have put pressure on the ancient city of Pingyao. During the peak tourist season, the amount of visitors to the city can reach up to 3 times its maximum capacity per day.

26

中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜，有史记载使用筷子的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为

箸（zhu），它表面看似简单，却有多种功能。竹子是制作筷子最常见的原材料，其他的原材料有木头、骨头，在古代富人家中，贵金属（precious metals）做的筷子很常见。古代民间视筷子为吉祥之物（mascot），如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福。与使用叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有―和为贵‖的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老东方文明的标志。

The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks is more than three thousand years. Chopsticks are named as zhu in ancient China. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions. Bamboo tends to be the most popular raw material to make chopsticks. Other materials include wood and bone, and chopsticks made of precious metals are not uncommon among the wealthy in ancient times. Chopsticks are taken as a mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example in the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing for the couple to have a baby

soon. Unlike eating with knives and forks or with one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks

implies the meaning of ―Harmony is what matters‖. Chopsticks are highly praised by westerners as a symbol of ancient oriental civilization.

27

承德避暑山庄（the Mountain Resort in Chengde）是中国四大名园之一，也是

保存最大最完好的帝王宫苑之一。过去，这里是清朝皇帝避暑和狩猎的地方，也

常被用来举办武术比赛和接待全国各地的少数民族精英。避暑山庄位于河北承德

市，占地564 万平方米，几乎是承德市区一半的面积。避暑山庄于1703 年康熙

当朝时开始修建，1792 年乾隆当朝时竣工。乾隆皇帝在这里处理国家大事，避暑

山庄因此成为北京之外的第二个政治中心。避暑山庄及周边庙宇于1994 年被列

入《世界遗产名录》。

The Mountain Resort in Chengde is one of the four most famous Chinese gardens,

and also one of the largest and best-preserved imperial gardens. It used to be a summer

resort and hunting ground for emperors of the Qing Dynasty, and often was used to organize martial arts competitions and receive the elites of ethnic minority groups from

around China. The Mountain Resort is located in the city of Chengde of Hebei Province, covering an area of 5.64 million square meters, almost half of Chengde’s urban area. Construction of the Mountain Resort began in 1703 under the rule of Emperor Kangxi

and was completed in 1792 under the rule of the Emperor Qianlong. It was another

political center apart from Beijing, for the Emperor Qianlong would stay here to deal

with national affairs. The Mountain Resort in Chengde and the surrounding temples

were placed on ―World Heritage List‖ in 1994.

28

在中国，画家徐悲鸿的名字几乎是家喻户晓，原因是他善于画马。徐悲鸿的马，独辟蹊径，不论是奔马、

立马、走马、饮马、群马，都被赋予了充沛的生命力。20 世纪30 年代，徐悲鸿先

生所作水墨奔马，无羁绊（out of fetters），尚桀骜，发胸中之情怀，掘民族之精神，

在写实的形体中充满着浪漫的遐想和激情。徐悲鸿所画的马，桀骜不凡，自由奔放，

观之令人惊心动魄。画家不仅把骏马作为自己绘画风格的象征，更是一种精神追求，

是对自由和激情的赞美和讴歌。

In China, the name of the artist Xu Beihong is almost known to everyone. The most important reason is that he is skilled in painting horses. The paintings of horses made by Xu Beihong are unique. All of the horses in his paintings whether they are running, standing, walking, drinking or in group are filled with strong vigor of life. In the 1930s, Mr. Xu’s inkwash running horses were out of fetters and stubborn. They let off his feelings and excavated nation’s spirit. The romantic and imaginative passion was expressed by the realistic figur es. Xu Beihong’s horses are stubborn, intractable and unrestrained and always make people soul-stirring. The horses are not only the symbolization of the artist’s painting style, but also the pursuit in spirit and an ode to the freedom and passion.

29

中国小品（Chinese skit）是基于人们日常生活中的琐事进行的一种表演形式。它通常被认为起源于20 世纪80 年代。小品具有一些继承的特质，它是由其他形式的喜剧形式例如舞台剧、相声、二人转和滑稽剧发展而来。一个小品往往只围绕一个话题展开，但是却可以拥有很多的动作和生动的语言。中国的第一个小品是陈佩斯和朱时茂在1984 年表演的“吃面条”。经过在春节联欢晚会上20 多年的发展，小品已经成为中国很流行的一种艺术形式。

Chinese skit is a form of performance about small things in people's daily lives. Chinese skit is generally regarded as originating in 1980s. It has inherited qualities, and developed from other forms of comedy, such as stage play, xiangsheng, errenzhuan and comic drama. A skit revolves around just one topic, but with a lot of action and lively language. The first skit in China was ― Eating Noodles‖ which was performed by Chen Peisi and Zhu Shimao in 1984. Through promotion by the Spring Festival Gala Evening over 20 years, Chinese skit has become a very popular artistic form in China.

30

黄梅戏，旧称黄梅调，起源于已存在200 多年甚至更久远的乡村民歌和舞蹈。

湖北的黄梅县被认为是黄梅戏的发源地。它在安徽省西南部的安庆地区成为了歌剧流派的一部分。而早在黄梅戏成为拥有戏服和额外的角色的歌剧流派之前的100 年，它就首次作为一种简单的、由歌曲和舞蹈组成的戏剧形式在湖北

省东南部的黄梅县进行过演出。与中国其他的剧种相比，黄梅戏的服装往往并不是那么华丽，它更注重唱腔而非舞台展示。

Huangmei opera or Huangmei tone is originated from rural folksongs and dances that have been in existence for the last 200 years and even longer. Huangmei Government at Hubei province was considered as the place of origin of Huangmei opera. It became a part of the operatic genre at the Anqing region of southwestern Anhui province. It first appeared as a simple drama of song and dance at the Huangmei county in southeastern Hubei province a hundred years ago before it became the operatic form with costumes and additional roles. Huangmei costumes are generally less extravagant compared to the other Chinese opera branches, and there is usually a greater emphasis on the singing than the display.

2020年12月英语六级翻译真题及答案：中国工业升级

2020年12月英语六级翻译真题及答案：中国工业升 级 2020年12月英语六级翻译真题及答案：中国工业升级 提示：考试采取"多题多卷"模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题 实行核对。 最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车，远洋船舶，机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚建 造一条高铁的合同：中国还与马拉西亚签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。 中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助 于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。 译文一 The Chinese government has decided to upgrade the industrial structurerecently. The construction of high speed trains, ocean-goingvessels, robots and even airplanes have been involved in and acontract on the construction of high-speed rail has been signed byChina and Indonesia lately, which proved the fact that the productmade in China enjoys a high level of reliability. The “Madein China” ha ve been widely spread around the world at a heftycost. However,with the elimination of poverty and the job opportunities providedfor people around the world, the

17年翻译预测

农业是中国的重要产业。中国的农业产位居世界首位，主要出产大米、小麦、土豆、花生、茶叶和棉花。尽管中国的可耕地(arable land)仅占世界的10%，但是中国却为世界上20%的人口提供粮食。由于中国是发展中国家且可耕地严重匮乏，中国的农业一直是劳动密集型(labor-intensive)。中国政府密切关注农业，加大投资力度，积极开展灌溉和水资源保护，以提髙农业生产的现代化水平，使得中国各类农产品的产品迅速增加。然而，由于人口众多，人均农产品产量很低。 Agriculture is an important industry in China. China ranks first in agricultural output worldwide, primarily producing rice, wheat, potatoes, peanuts, tea, and cotton. Although accounting for only 10 percent of arable land worldwide, China produces food for 20percent of the world's population. Due to China's status as a developing country and its severe shortage of arable land, farming in China has always been the labor-intensive industry. Chinese government has been paying close attention to agriculture, increasing the investment and actively carrying out irrigation and water conservancy to improve the modernization of agricultural production, which leads to a high growth rate in China's output of various agricultural products. However, due to the large population, the amount of the agricultural products per capita is small. 1.重要产业：可译为important industry.其中industry除了表示“产业”，还可表示“工业”，例如heavy industry意为“重工业”。 2.仅占……的10%：可译为accounting for only 10 percentof.其中account for 意为“占……比例”。 3.可耕地：可译为arable land. 4.密切关注：可译为pay close attention to.参考译文中用了现在完成进行时。 5.灌溉和水资源保护：可译为irrigation and water conservancy. 6.人均：可译为per capita. 北京大学于1898年成立，原名为京师大学堂(the Imperial University of Peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上，它是进步思想的中心，对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天，国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的地位，学校已做出很大努力。此外，学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。 Originally known as the Imperial University of Peking, Peking University was established in1898. The establishment of the University marked the beginning of higher education in China's modern history. In modern history of China, it was a center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of China's New Culture Movement, the May Fourth Movement and many other significant events. Today, Peking University was placed by many domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in China. The university lays emphasis on both teaching, and scientific research. It has made great efforts to improve the undergraduate and graduate education, and maintain its role as a leading research institution. In addition, the University is especially renowned for its campus environment and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture. 1.表示某事物的成立，需用被动语态：“原名京师大学堂”即最初的名字，可

段落翻译 中英文对比

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