历年大学英语四六级考试真题高频词汇
历年大学英语四六级考试真题高频词汇
听力249分，阅读249分，综合70分，作文142分。各单项报道分之和等于报道总分。
总分：323听力：121 阅读：92 综合：43 写作：67
一、名词词组和固定搭配
1.介词+名词
by accident 偶然
on account of 因为，由于，为了……的缘故
in addition to 另外，加之
in addition 除…之外(还)
in the air 流传中
on (the／an) average 按平均值，通常
on the basis of 根据，在…的基础上
at best 充其量，至多
for the better 好转，向好的方向发展
on board 在船(车或飞机)上
out of breath 喘不过气来
on business 因公，因事
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in case of 假如，如果发生；防备
in case 假使，以防(万一)
in no case 决不，无论如何不
by chance 偶然，碰巧
in charge (of) 负责，管理
(a)round the lock 日夜不停地
in common 共用的，共有的
in conclusion 最后，总之
on condition (that) 如果
in consequence of 由于…的缘故，因为
on the contrary 正相反
in contrast with／to 与…对比起来，与…形成对比
out of control 失去控制
under control 处于控制之下
at all cots 不惜任何代价，无论如何
at the cost of 以…为代价
in the course of 在…过程中，在…期间
of course 当然，自然
in danger 在危险中，垂危
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过时的，不用的
up to date 现代化的，切合目前情况的
in demand 非常需要的，受欢迎的
in debt 欠债，负债
in detail 详细他
in difficulties 处境困难
in the distance 在远处
off duty 下了班(的)，不在值班(的)
on duty 在上班(的)，在值班(的)
on earth 究竟，到底
at all events 无论如何，不管怎样
in any event 无论如何，不管怎样
in the event of 万一，倘若
for example 例如
in the face of 在…面前；不顾
in fact 其实，实际上
in favo(u)r of 赞同，支持
on fire 着火，起火
on foot 步行
in force 生效，有效；在实施中；大量的
in front of 在…面前，在…前面
in future 今后，从今以后
in the future 在将来
in general 一般说来，大体上
on (one’s) guard 警惕，提防；站岗，值班
in half 成两半
at hand 近在手边，在附近
by hand 用手，用体力
hand down 把…传下去
hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联地，同时并进地
in hand (工作等)在进行中；在控制中
on hand 在手边，在近处
on (the) one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
at heart 内心里，本质上
by heart 凭记性
at home 在家，在国内；舒适，无拘束；熟悉，精通in hono(u)r of 为纪念，为了向…表示敬意
on／upon one’s hono(u)r 以名誉担保
in a hurry 匆忙，急于
for instance 例如；比如
at intervals 不时，每隔一段时间(或距离)
at (long) last 终于
at least 至少
at length 终于，最终；详细地
in (the) light of 鉴于，由于
2．动词+名词
have／gain access to 可以获得
take…into account 考虑到，顾及，体谅
take advantage of 占…的便宜，利用
pave the way (for) 铺平道路，为…作准备
pay attention to 注意
do／try one’s best 尽力，努力
get／have the best of 战胜
make the best of 充分利用
get／have the better of 战胜，在…中占上风
catch one’s breath 屏息；喘气，气喘；歇口气take care 注意，当心
take care of 爱护，照料
take a chance 冒险，投机
take charge 开始管理，接管
keep…company 陪伴
take (a) delight in 以…为乐
make a difference 有影响，起(重要)作用
carry／bring／put into effect 使生效，实行，实现come／go into effect 生效，实施
take effect 生效，起作用
catch sb’s eye 被某人看到，引起某人注意
keep an eye on 留神，照看，密切注意
make a face 做鬼脸
find fault with 抱怨，挑剔，找岔子
catch (on) fire 着火，开始燃烧
make fiends (with) 与(…)交朋友
be friends with 与…友好
make fun of 取笑，拿…开玩笑
keep sb’s head 保持镇静
in the world 究竟，到底
lose sb’s head 慌乱，仓皇失措
lose heart 丧失勇气，失去信心
get／catch／take hold of 抓住，得到
keep house 管理家务
throw／cast light on／upon 使人了解，阐明
bear／keep in mind 记住
have in mind 考虑到，想到
make up one’s mind 下定决心，打定主意
bring／put into operation 实施，使生效，使运行come／go into operation 施行，实行，生效
keep pace (with) 与(…)齐步前进，与(…)并驾齐驱play a part (in) 起作用，参与，扮演角色
take place 发生，进行，举行
take the place of 代替，取代
put into practice 实施，实行
make progress 进步，进展
give rise to 引起，导致为…的原因
make sense 讲得通，有意义，言之有理
catch sight of 发现，突然看见
(go) on the stage 当演员
take one’s time 不着急，不慌忙
keep track of 与…保持联系
lose track of 失去与…的联系，不能跟上…的进展make use of 利用
put to use 使用
give way 让路；屈服，让步；倒塌，坍陷
make one’s way 前往，行进，去
make way 让路，腾出地方或位置
3.名词词组的其他形式
appeal to 呼吁，恳求
attempt at 企图，努力
attitude to/towards 态度，看法
a great/good deal of 大量，非常，极其influence in 干涉，介入
interference with 妨碍，打扰
introduction to 介绍
a lot (of) 许多（的），大量（的）
lots of 大量，许多
fall in love (with sb) 爱上（某人）
reply to 回答，答复
trolley bus 电车
I.D. card 身份证
credit card 信用卡
no doubt 无疑地，很可能
next door 隔壁
out of doors 在户外
face to face 面对面地
a few 有些，几个
quite a few 不少，相当多
a little 一点，一些
little by little 逐渐地，一点点地
quite a little 相当多，不少
no matter 无论
the moment (that) 一…(就)
no more 不再
fair play 公平竞赛，公平对待
rest room 厕所，盥洗室
primary school 小学
side by side 肩并肩地，一起
heart and soul 全心全意
step by step 逐步地
ahead of time 提前
all the time 一直，始终
once upon a time 从前
once in a while 偶尔
no wonder 难怪，并不奇怪
word for word 逐字地
decline with thanks 婉言谢绝
二、动词词组和固定搭配
1．动词十介词/副词
account for 说明…的原因，是…的原因
allow for 考虑到，顾及，为…留出预地
appeal to 诉诸，诉请裁决(或证实等)
arrive at 达成，达成
ask after 探问，问起
ask for 请求，要求
attach to 附属于，隶属于；使依恋，使喜爱
to begin with 首先，第一
break down 损坏；(健康等)垮掉，崩溃
break in 非法闯入；打断，插嘴
break into 非法闯入，强行进入
break off 中断，突然停止
break out 逃脱，逃走；突然出现，爆发
break through 突破，冲破；取得突破陛成就break up 印终止，结束；打碎，粉碎；散开，驱散bring about 导致，引起
bring down 使落下，打倒；降低，减少
bring forth 产生，提出
bring forward 提出，提议；提前
bring out 使显出；激起，引起；出版，推出bring to 使恢复知觉
bring up 教养，养育；提出
build up 逐渐积聚，集结；逐步建立；增进，增强burn out 烧光，烧毁…的内部；熄灭
burn up 烧掉，烧毁；烧起来，旺起来；(使)发怒call for 叫(某人)来；要求，需要
call off 取消
call on／up 访问，拜访；号召，要求
call up 召集；使人想起；打电话(给)
care for 照顾，照料；喜欢
carry off 夺走，拿走
carry on 继续，进行
carry out 实行，执行；实现，完成
catch at 试图抓住，拼命抓
catch on 理解，懂得；流行起来
check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到
check out 结帐后离开，办妥手续离去
check up (on) 检查，核实
cheer up (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来?
clear away 把…清除掉，收拾
clear up 清理；澄清，解决；(天)放晴
come off 脱落，分开；结果，表现
come on [表示鼓励、催促等]快，走吧；开始，发生；进步，进展come out 发表，出版；出现，显露；结果是
come round(around) 顺便来访；苏醒，复原
come through 经历…仍活着，安然度过
come to 苏醒；涉及，谈到；总数为，结果是
come up 走上前来；发生，出现
count on／upon 依靠，指望
count up 共计，算出…的总数
cover up 掩饰，掩盖；盖住，裹住
cross off／out 划掉，勾销
cut across 抄近路穿过，对直通过
cut back 削减，缩减；急忙返回
cut down 削减，减少；杀死，砍倒
cut in 超车抢挡；插嘴，打断
cut off 切断，阻碍；使分离，使隔绝
cut out 删去，切去；戒除，停止ⅡB用
cut short 中断，打断
deal with 处理，对付；论述，涉及
deep down 实际上，在心底
die down 逐渐消失，变弱
die out 逐渐消失，灭绝
do without 没有…也行，用不着，将就
draw in (火车、汽车)到站；(天)渐黑，(白昼)渐短
draw up 起草，拟订；(使)停住
dress up 穿上盛装，精心打扮；装饰，修饰
drop by／in 顺便(或偶然)访问
drop off 下降，减少；睡着，入睡；让(…)下车，把…放下
drop out 退出，退学
dry out (使)干透
dry up (使)干透，(使)干涸；(使)枯竭
fall behind 落后，落在…的后面[/Post]
fall through 落空，成为泡影
fall in 填满；填写；(for)替代
fall out 填写；长胖，变丰满
find out 查明，找出，发现
get across (将…)清楚，(使)被了解
get around／round 走动，克服，设法回避(问题等)；(协)抽出时间来做(或考虑)
get at 够得着，触及；意思是，意指；查明，发现；指责
get away 逃脱；走开，离开；(iwth)做了(坏事)而逃脱责罚
get by 通过；过得去，(勉强)过活
get down (从…)下来；写下；使沮丧；(to)开始认真做，着手做
get in 进入，抵达；收获(庄稼等)；(证th)对…亲近
get into (使)进入；卷入；对…发生兴趣
get off (从…)下来；动身，出发；下班，结束(工作)；逃脱惩罚
get over 克服，解决(问题等)；(从疾病、失望等)中恢复过来
get through 度过(时间)；(使)通过(考试)，(使)(议案等)获得通过；(将…)讲清楚，完成；接通电话get together 相聚，聚集
get up 起床；起立
give away 泄露；赠送
give back (归)还
give in 交上，呈上；投降，屈服，认输
give off 发出(光、声音等)，散发出(气味)
give out 分发；用完；消耗尽；发出(光、声音)
give up 停止，放弃；(oneself)自首
go after 追求，追赶
go ahead 开始；进行
go by 遵守，遵循，依据；(时间)过去
go down 下降，减少；(船)沉没，(日)落；(with)生…病；(well或badly)(不)受欢迎，(不)被接受go for 袭击；适用于；选择，想要获得；喜爱
go into 进入，参加；开始从事；研究，调查
go off 爆炸，开火，突然响起；(电等)中断，停止；不再喜欢
go out 外出(尤指参加社会活动)；过时；(潮)退，(灯)熄，终止；送出，公布，播出
go over 仔细检查，察看；复习，重做
go round／around 足够分配；(with)常…与交往；流传；四处走动，到处活动
go through 经历，遭受；详细检查，查找，详细讨论；获得通过，被批准；(with)将…干到底
go under 沉没；失败；破产
go up 上升，上涨，增长；正在建设中；烧毁，炸毁
go with 跟…相配；与…相伴；附属于
go without 没有
hand down 把…传下去
hand in 交上，递交
hand on 把…传下去
hand out 分发，散发
hand over 交出，移交
hang about／around 闲荡，闲呆着
hang on 坚持，抓紧，不放；等待片刻，(打电话时)不挂断；有赖于；取决于
hang up 挂断(电话)：悬挂，挂起
have on 穿着，戴着
hold back 踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制；隐瞒，保守(秘密等)
hold on 坚持住，握住不放；(打电话时)不挂断，等—会
hold out 维持，保持；坚持(要求)，不屈服
hold up 支持，支撑，延迟；抢劫；展示，举出
hurry up (使)赶陕，匆匆完成
improve on／upon 改进；胜过
keep back 阻止，抑制；隐瞒，保留
keep off (使)不接近，(使)让开
keep to 遵守，信守；坚持
keep up 保持，(使)继续下去；使居高不下
let down 放下，降低；使失望
let off 宽恕，放过；开(枪)，放(炮、烟火等)州)放
let out 放走，释放；泄露，放出，发出
lie in (问题、事情等)在于
line up (使)排队，(使)排成行
live on 靠…生活，以…为食物
live through 度过，经受住
live up to 符合，不辜负(期望)；遵守，实践(诺言、原则等)
look after 照管，照料，照料；注意，关心
look at 看，朝…看；考虑，研究；看待
look back (on) 回顾，回忆；回头看
look for 寻找，寻求；惹来，招来
look in 顺便看望，顺便访问
look into 调查，观察
look on 旁观，观看
look out (for) 留神，注意
look over 把…看一遍，把…过目；察看，参观
look through 详尽核查；(从头至尾)浏览
look up 好转；(在词典等中)查找；看望，拜访：(to)尊敬
make for 走向，朝…前进；有助于，促进
make out 辨认出，看出；理解，了解；写出，开出
make up 印构成，组成；(为…)化妆；补充，补足；和解，重归于好；捏造，临时编造，虚
mix up 混淆，弄混，弄乱
occur to 被想到，被想起
pass away 去世
pass (as) 充作，被看作，被当作
pass out 失去知觉，昏倒
pay back 偿还，还钱给(某人)；向…报复，回报
pay off 还清(债)；付清工资解雇(某人)；向…行贿；得到好结果，取得成功
pay up 全部付清
pick out 选出，挑出，拣出；辨认出，分辨出
pick up 拿起，捡起；取(给)，用车接载(人)；好转，改进，增加(速度)；(使)重新开始，继续；获得，学会 pull down 拆毁pull in (车)停下，车进站，船(到岸)
pull off 脱去，扯下；(成功地)完成
pull out 拔出，抽出，取出；(车、船)驶出；(使)摆脱困境
pull together 齐心协力，团结起来
pull up (使)停下
put across／over 解释清楚，使被理解
put aside 储存，保留；暂不考虑，把…放在一边
put away 放好，收好
put in 花费，付出(时间、精力等)；申请，正式提出
put on 穿上，戴上；上演；增加(体重)
put out 熄灭，关(灯)；出版，发布；生产；伸出
put up 建造，支起，搭起；张贴；进行(抵抗等)；提供，提名，提出；提高(价格、速度)；为…提供食宿，投宿refer to 参考，查阅；涉及，提到；指的是
ring off 挂断电话
run down 撞倒；说…坏话，贬低；停止运转，耗尽；减少，缩减；查找出，搜索到
run into 偶然碰见；遭遇(困难等)；共计，达到…之多；撞在…上
run off 很快写出；复印出，印出；跑掉，逃掉
run over 在…上驶过，(撞倒并)碾过；把…很快地(或粗略地)过一遍
see off 为…送行
see through 看透，识破
see to 注意，照料
send for 派人去请，召唤；函购，函索
send in 呈报，递送，提交
set aside 留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)；把…置于一旁，不理会
set back 推迟，延缓，阻碍；使花费
set down 记下，写下
set forth 阐明，陈述
set off 出发，启程；引起，激起
set out 陈述，阐明；动身，起程；开始；摆放
set up 创立，建立，为…作准备；竖立，架起，建造；开业，开始经商
show off 炫耀，卖弄
show up 显露，暴露；露面，来到
shut out 把…排斥在外
sit in on 列席(会议)，旁听
sit up 不睡，熬皮；坐直
speed up (使)加快速度
stand by 站在…一边，支持，帮助；袖手旁观；坚持(决议等)，遵守(诺言等)；作好准备，准备行动
stand for 代替，代表，意味着，主张，支持；[用于否定、疑问句]容忍，接受
stand out 清晰地显出，引人注目；杰出，出色
stand up 站起来；(论点、证据等)站得住脚
step up 提高，加快，加紧
stick out (把…)坚持到底；突出，显眼
stick to 坚持，忠于，信守；紧跟，紧随；粘贴在…上
take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父、母等)相像
take away 减去
take down 拆卸；记下，写下
take…for 把…认为是，把…看成是
take in 接受，吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗；包括
take off 脱下；起飞；匆匆离开
take on 开始雇用；呈现，具有；同…较量，接受…的挑战；承担，从事
take over 接受，接管；借用，承袭
take to 对…产生好感，开始喜欢；形成…的习惯，开始从事
take up with 与…成朋友
take up 开始从事；把…继续下去；着手处理；占去，占据；(on)接受邀请
think over 仔细考虑
throw away 扔掉，抛弃；错过(机会)，浪费(金钱等)
touch on／upon 谈到，论及
turn down 关小，调低；拒绝
turn in 交还，上交；上床睡觉
turn off 关掉；拐弯，离开…转入另一条路
turn on 接通，打开
turn out 制造，生产；结果是；驱逐；关掉，旋熄
turn over 翻过来，翻倒；移交，交；仔细考虑
turn to 查阅；求助于，求教于
turn up 开大，调大；出现，来到
use up 用完，用光
warm up (使)暖起来；(使)活跃起来，(使)热情起来；(使)作准备活动，(使)热身wear off 逐渐消失；渐渐减少
wear out 穿破，磨损，用坏；(使)疲乏，(使)厌卷，(使)耗尽
while away 消磨<时间)
wipe out 擦净，擦掉；彻底摧毁，消灭
work at/on 从事于，努力做
work out 解决；算出；弄懂，理解；想出，制定出
work up 激发，激起；制订出，精心作出
write off 取消，勾销，注销
2．后接动名词的动词搭配(接上)
aim at 目的在于，旨在；瞄准；企图
accuse…Of… 控告；谴责，
depend on 取决于，视…而定；依靠，依赖；信赖，相信
devote to 将…奉献给；把…专用(于)
engage in 从事于，参加
feel like 想要
go on (时间)过去；灯亮；开始运行；继续，接着；进行，发生
cannot／couldn’t help 禁不住；不得不
insist on 坚持，强调，坚决要求
keep from 阻止，抑制
keep up 继续进行、继续下去
look forward 曲协盼望，期待
persist in 坚持不懈，执着
prevent from 预防，防止
put off 推迟，推延；阻止，劝阻
set about 开始，着手
succeed in 成功
thank for 感谢
think of 想起，记得；想出，提出；考虑，关心
三、形容组和固定搭配
be able to (do) 能(做)，会(做)
be about to (do) 即将，正要
be absent from 缺勤，缺课
be abundant in 丰富的，富裕的
be accustomed to 习惯于，适应于
be acquainted with 与…相识，熟悉，了解
be active in 积极于
be afraid of 恐怕，害怕，担忧
be alive to 注意到，对…敏感
be angry at 因某事生气
be angry with 对…发怒
be anxious about 担心，为…担忧
be anxious for 急切盼望，渴望
be anxious to(do) 渴望(做)
be ashamed of 为…感到害臊
be aware of 意识到
be bad at 拙于，不善于
be based on 根据，以…为基础
be beside oneself 极度兴奋，对自己的感情失去控制be better off 生活优裕起来，境况好起来
be bound to(do) 一定会，不得不
be careful to(do) 务必注意(做)
be certain to(do) 一定(做)，必然(做)
be capable of 能够
be confident in 对…有信心
be characterized by 以…为特征
be clever at 擅长于
be combined with 与…结合
be composed of 由…组成
be concerned about 关心，挂念
be curious to(do) 很想(做)
be dependent on／upon 取决于，依赖
be determined to (do) 决心(做)
be different from 与…不同
be eager for 渴望
be eager to (do) 急于要(做)
be equal to 等于
be famous for 以…著名
be fond of 喜欢，爱好
be free from 无…的，摆脱了…的
be friendly to 对…友好
be glad to (do) 乐于(做)，对…感到高兴be good at (doing) 善于，擅长
be good for 适于，在…期间有效
be grateful to 感谢，感激
be independent of 脱离…而独立，与…无关be indispensable for 对…必不可少的
be interested in 对…感兴趣
be kinde enough to (do) 承…好意，恳请be late for 迟到
be likely to (do) 可能要，像是要
be mad about 迷恋
be well off 生活富裕
be pleased to (do) 乐于
be pleased with 对…感到满足
be popular with 得人心的，受…欢迎的
be present at 出席
be proud of 以…自豪，因…感到满意
be ready to (do) 装备好（做），乐意做
be ready for 为…准备好
be rich in 富于
be satisfied with 对…满意，满足于
be second to 次于
be short for 是…的缩写（简称）
be short of 短缺
be sick for 渴望
be sick in bed 病在床上
be sick of 对…感到厌倦
be sorry for 对…感到抱歉
be strict with 对…要求严格
be suited to 适合于
be supposed to (do) 应该，非…不可
be sure of 坚信，确信
be surprised at 对…感到惊奇
be though with 结束
be tired from 因…而厌倦
be tired of 厌烦，对…厌倦
be tired out 疲倦极了
be true to 适用于
be unconscious of 不知道…
be unequal to 无法胜任…的
be unfit for 不适合，不胜任
be useful to 对…有用
be well up in 精通，熟悉
be wild with jay 欣喜
be willing to (do) 乐意…
be worried about 为…而担心
be worse off 处境较坏，情况恶化
be worth (doing) 值得（做）
be wrong with 有点毛病，有些不舒服
四、其他词组和固定搭配
above all 首先，尤其是
after all 终究，毕竟，究竟
at all [用于否定句]丝毫，一点
all but 几乎，差不多；除了…都
all over 遍及，到处
in all 总共，合计
not at all 一点也不
leave alone 让…独自呆着；不打扰，不干预along with 和…一起，和…一道
one after another 一个接一个，相继
one another 互相
anything but 绝对不
as…as 像…一样
as for 至于，关于
as though 好像，仿佛
as to 至于，关于
as well 也，同样
as well as 除…之外(也)，既…又
not as／so…as 不如…那样
back and forth 反复地，来回地
(in) back of 在…后面，在…背后
because of 由于，因为
had better 还是…好，应该
both…and 既…又…，两个都
but for 倘没有，要不是
each other 互相
either…or 或…或
or else 否则，要不然
even if／though 即使，虽然
except for 除…外，除去；要不是由于
as／so far as 就…，到…程度
by far… 得多，最
far from 远远不，完全不
so far 迄今为止；到某个程度
firs of all 首先
if only 要是…多好
by itself 独自地，自动地
in itself 本质上，就其本身而言
no less than 不少于，多达
as／so long as 只要，如果；既然，如果
no longer 不再，已不
a great／good many of 相当多，很多
many a 许多的
more and more 越来越
more or less 差不多，几乎，大约
at most 至多，不超过
make the most of 充分利用，尽量利用
neither…nor (既)不…也不，(既)非…也非
(every) now and then 时而，偶尔
just now 刚才，才不久；现在，眼下
now (that) 既然，由于
off and on 断断续续地，间歇地，有时
and so on 等等
all at once 突然，忽然；同时，一起
at once 立刻，马上；同时，一起
once (and) for all 一劳永逸地，永远地
once more／again 再一次
by oneself 独自地，单独地
every other 每隔一个的
other than 不同于，非；除了
over and over (again) 一再地，再三地
all right 好，行；令人满意的，不错的；(健康)良好的，安然无恙的
ever since 从那时起，自那时以来
ever so 非常，极其
or so 大约，左右
so that 以便，为使；所以，因此
so…that 如此…以致
such as 诸如，例如
such…that 那样的…以致
that is(=i．e．) 就是说，即
as though 好像，仿佛
up to 胜任…的，适于…的；密谋…的；是…义不容辞的，是…的职责；取决于…的，须由…决定的；(时间上)一直到；(数目上)一直到，多达
what about [征求意见时用]…怎么样
what if 如果…将会怎样
whether …or 是…还是，不管…还是
go wrong 发生故障，出毛病；出错，犯错误
and yet 可是，然而
at yet 至今
abide by 履行，遵守
adapt to 适应
adhere to 粘附；胶着；坚持
apologize(-ise)to，for 道歉，认错
cling o粘住；依附；坚持
collide with 抵触，冲突；碰撞，互撞compensate for 补偿，赔偿
comply with 依从，服从，遵从
conceive of 设想，构思出
conform to 遵守，依照，符合，顺应
consult with 商量，商议
cooperate with 合作，协作，相配合
cope with (成功地)应付，(妥善地)处理
deduce from 演绎，推断
derive from 起源，衍生
deviate from 背离，偏离
dispose of 处理，解决；去掉，丢掉，除掉
dwell on／upon 老是想着；详述
hinder from 阻碍，妨碍
impose on 把…强加于
originate in／from 起源于，来自，产生participate in 参与，参加
preside t／over 主持，主管
prevail over 获胜，占优势
prevail on／upon 说服，劝说，诱使
reconcile to 使顺从(于)，使甘心(于)
reign to 使顺从
restrain from 抑制，制止
sacrifice to 牺牲，献出，献祭，供奉
scrape by／through 勉强通过
specialize in 专攻，专门研究
testify to 表明，证明
flare up 突然燃烧起来；突然发怒
queue up 排成队(等候)
dissatisfaction with／at 不满
exposure to 暴露，显露；曝光
objection to 反对，异议
preference for／to 偏爱，喜爱；优惠；优先选择proficiency in 熟练，精通
requirement for／to 需要，需要的东西，要求thirst for 渴望，热望
by comparison 比较起来
in sequence 依次，逐一
at stake 在危急关头，在危险中
in accordance with 与…一致，依照，根据
on／in behalf of 代表，为了
on the sly 偷偷地
in excess of 超过
to and for 来来回回
on schedule 按时间表，及时，准时
五、历年大学英语四、六级考试中出现的超纲词组和固定搭配
put into use 使用，应用
be satisfied with 满足
be satisfied of 相信
hardly…when 刚…就…
come to a conclusion 得出结论
avoid doing sth．避免干某事
decline invitation 辞谢邀请
agree on／upon 取得一致意见
may(might) as well 还是…好
argue about 争论
take(make) a stand for 捍卫
take(make) a stand against 反对
come after 跟随
in support of 支持
lie up 躺着休息
beside the question 离题
refresh one’s memory 使人记起
bring to mind 使人想起
compile dictionary 编字典
present sb．with sth．送给某人某礼物
indifferent to 不在乎
go on strike 罢工
against one’s will 违心地
in one’s will在… 遗嘱中
of one’s free will 出于自愿
with ease 容易，不费力
prepare for 准备
get to 开始；到达
fall off 下降
fall away 背离
televise live 实况转播
by the moment 到…时
have intention of 有意，打算
no intention of 无意，不打算
have not the least idea of 不知道
have no desire for 对…没有欲望
have desire to do sth．想做某事
have sth．in stock 有现货
be particular about 讲究
the key to …的答案(线索、办法)
carry about 随身携带
pass through 通过，经过
pass for 被认为(当作)
be of little value 没什么价值
cure sb．of 治好某人…
pull back 撤退
pull round 掉头，转向；康复
pull along 沿…拉
die off 死去，凋谢
drop down 落下
do sth．for a living 靠做某事谋生
make a name of oneself 出名，扬名
glimpse of 瞥见，一瞥
glance at 瞥见，一瞥
be on good terms with sb．与某人友好
entitle sb．(to do)sth．给予某人(干)某事的权利beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力
take interest in 对…发生兴趣
be answerable for 应对…
hundreds of 数以百计的
be lacking in 缺乏
break into tears(cheers) 突然哭(欢呼)起来
in correspondence with 与…联系(通信)
be advantageous to 对…有利
be beneficial to 对…有益
in debt to sb．欠某人的债
be it that 即使
assure sb．of sth．委托某人某事
put(set) right 使恢复正常，纠正错误
on the way 在途中
off the way 远离正道
keep on with 坚持
make an attempt 试图
in the mood for sth．对某事有心境
escape doing sth．躲避干某事
set a limit to 限制
within the limit of 在…范围内
call at 访问
so blank (头脑)变成空白
so dim (大脑)浑沌
so faint 晕过去
be subjected to 遭受
be attached to 附属于
not on any account 决不
take pains to do sth．费尽苦心做某事a multitude of 大量(接复数名词) give rise to 导致
give reason to 对…进行解释
give suspicion to 对…怀疑
make provision for 为…作准备
be involved in 卷人，陷入
be assigned to 被分配给…
be bored to death 烦死了
step into 插入，干涉
adapt for 调整(以适应目标或需要)
a close(narrow) shave 侥幸的脱险
英语四六级口语考试
英语四六级口语考试 大学英语四、六级考试口语考试（ CET Spoken English Test ，简称CET-SET ）用于测量我国大学生运用英语进行口头交际的能力。 考试对象 CET-SET 报考对象为获得全国大学英语四、六级证书且成绩达到一定分数线的在校大学生。 试行阶段的报考对象根据教育部有关文件决定，具体报名规定见考试委员会通知。 考试时间 一年两次，分别在 5 月和 11 月。 考试形式 CET-SET 考试采用面对面的形式，每场考试由 2 名主考和 3 （或 4 ）名考生组成： CET-SET 考试分三部分： 第一部分是考生和 CET 授权的主考进行交谈，采用问答的形式。时间约 5 分钟。 第二部分包括分钟的考生个人发言和分钟的小组讨论。时间共约10 分钟。 第三部分由主考再次提问以进一步确定考生的口头交际能力。时间约 5 分钟。 试题构成 Part 1 5 分钟 问答 “热身”题，包括考生自我介绍、回答问题。 Part 2 10 分钟 发言和讨论 考生准备 1 分钟后，根据所给提示作一个分钟的发言；小组就指定的话题讨论（约分钟）。 Part 3
5 分钟 问答 由主考进一步提问。 考试成绩 考试总分为 15 分，分为 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个等级。C 等以上者将获得由教育部高教司颁发的注有 CET Spoken English Test 成绩等级的CET 证书 能力等级标准 A+ 分 A 分 能用英语就熟悉的题材进行口头交际，基本上没有困难。 B+ 分 B 分 能用英语就熟悉的题材进行口头交际，虽有些困难，但不影响交际。 C+ 分 C 分 能用英语就熟悉的题材进行简单的口头交际。 分以下 尚不具有英语口头交际能力。 5 分 ? 语法和词汇基本正确 ? 表达过程中词汇丰富、语法结构较为复杂 ? 发音较好，但允许有一些不影响理解的母语口音 ? 在讨论有关话题时能进行较长时间的、语言连贯的发言，但允许由于无法找到合适的词语而造成的偶尔停顿 ? 能够自然、积极地参与讨论 ? 语言的使用总体上能与语境、功能和目的相适应 4 分 ? 语法和词汇有一些错误，但未严重影响交际 ? 表达过程中词汇较丰富 ? 发音尚可 ? 能进行较连贯的发言，但多数发言较简短 ? 组织思想和搜寻词语时频繁出现停顿，有时会影响交际
大学英语四六级翻译常用词汇汇总
大学英语四六级翻译常用词汇汇总1. 中国经济发展 总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy
年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. 【参考范文】 On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success. The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers’feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying “what a wonderful practice and I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need.” All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students involved. 【参考范文译文】 6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。 此次志愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。许多学生主动加入到此次善举当中，帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷，竭尽所能提供帮助。问及参与此次活动的感想时，他们毫无例外地回道“真是太有意义了，很感谢这次经历，它让我懂得要去更加关爱那些有困难的人” 总而言之，此次活动取得了巨大成功，不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多，对于参与的学生来说也是意义良多。 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life. In a27to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. “Michigan’s29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30our leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the
英语四六级口语考试真题汇总,快速帮助提高英语口语
很多大学生在面对大学英语四六级口语考试时都会有一定的压力，这是因为之前基本没有经历过口语考试。随着近年教育政策的改革，口语能力越来越重要，也有越来越多的人参加英语口语考试。那么我们该如何顺利度过这次考试呢，从真题入手研究是一个不错的方法。下面为各位考生分享了2019年11月英语四、六级口语考试中自我陈述部分的一些真题，希望对大家有所帮助。 2019年11月四级口语自我陈述真题 1.The importance of positive thinking 积极的重要性 With the ever-quickening pace of life and increasing fierce competition, it is universally acknowledged that a growing number of undergraduates have become lazy and passive. It has been one of the most common thing in our daily life and on campus. However, we may encounter with different difficulties and failures everywhere. It is advisable for us to realize that being positive is the key to success, which gives meaning to our life. Regardless of situations, an positive person never loses his hope, as it’s hope that paves the ways for gaining self-confidence. If you ask me the attitude towards being positive,I am eager to convey that positive attitude is the essential part for me to become stronger. One with positive attitude never fails to success. Firstly, the people possessing positive attitude could obtain numerous opportunities in the competition and are more likely to establish themselves in
大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)
四六级翻译——科技类词汇 1.科技园science and technology park 2.高新技术开发区high-tech industrial zones 3.信息产业IT (Information Technology) 4.电器设备electrical appliance 5.电子设备electronic device 6.电子商务e-commerce 7.人工智能artificial intelligience 8.先进技术advanced technology 9.尖端技术state-of-the-art technology 10.载人航天飞行manned space flight 11.发射成功successful launch 12.自然科学natural science 13.新兴学科new branch of science 14.科技成果research achievements 15.科学发展观concept of scientific development 16.科教兴国revitalize China through science and education 17.可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development 18.科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure 19.专利，专利权patent 20.生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture 21.物种起源origin of species 22.生物工程bio-technology 23.基因工程genetic engineering 24.转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food) 25.技术产权technology property right 26.科技含量technology content 27.电脑病毒computer virus 28.黑客hacker 29.垃圾邮件junk mail 30.数码科技digital technology 31.虚拟社区virtual community 32.网络空间cyber space 网络文化cyber culture 33.网民netizen 34.克隆cloning 激光laser 35.纳米nanometer 粒子particle 36.太阳能/ 核能/ 原子能solar/ nuclear/ atomic energy 37.突飞猛进advance by leaps and bounds 38.技术创新technological innovation 39.中国科学院the Chinese Academy of Science 40.科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the foremost productive forces. 41.科技前沿the forefront of science and technology 42.科技发明的传播和交流dissemination and exchanges of advanced scientific and technological inventions
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(三套全)
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures. B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C) They are only about half an inch thick. D) They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research. B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species. 6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks. B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance. C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.
历年英语四六级口语考试话题
历年英语四六级口语考试话题 May 2004 II Questions about Sense of Responsibility 1. What kind of people would you like to work with? 2. What do you think about people who don’t keep their promises? 3. How wo you feel about students who are often late for class? 4. What kind of people would you like to employ if you were the boss? Discussion Whether the younger generation today has a strong sense of responsibility? More Questions 1. Do adult children have the responsibility to care for their elderly parents? Why or why not? 2. Do you think it’s important for students to have a strong responsibility? Reasons? 3. Could you suggest some ways to enhance one’s sense of responsibility? 4. What could you do with an irresponsible employee? 5. During the discussion, why did you say that ...? III Questions about Social Behavior 1. Do you get along with your roommates? 2. Do you think people are less honest today than they used to be? 3. Do you think it’s always wrong to tell a lie?
四六级翻译真题及答案word版本
四六级翻译真题及答 案
中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。 译文一 China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on progressing and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, progressing commercialize their fruits of innovation.In the meantime , to adapt to the changing foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and business models(模式). 译文二（文都版） Innovation is progressing in an unprecedented speed in China. In order to catch up with those developed countries in the world as fast as it can in the science and technology field, China has increased funds for development research substantially in recent years. Universities and research institutions in China are actively carrying out innovation researches, which cover high-
2020年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How Do You See Diversity? As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. “It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. “I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.” Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .
大学英语四六级考试口语考试样题
1、考试对象： 大学英语四、六级考试口语考试(CET Spoken English Test ，简称 CET-SET)用于考察 大学生运用英语进行口头交际的能力。CET-SET 报考对象为获得全国大学英语四、六级证书且成绩达到一定分数线的在校大学生。 教育部规定，四级笔试550分、六级520分以上的考生可以报名参加口试。 2、考试时间及地点： 四、六级口语考试为一年两次，分别在5月和11月。考试地点在考生报名的考点，具体考场在考生报名后随机编组确定。 3、报名流程： 全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会根据教育部主管部门的文件规定，在有关城市设立 若干个考点。考生到所在考试中心指定的考点报名并参加考试，报名时须随身携带身份证、二寸报名照一张及报名费用。 注意事项 考生须携带本人的准考证和身份证准时到规定的候考室报到，逾时 15 分钟不得进考场。 考生如发现准考证上的姓名有误，请在正式开考前将修改后的准考证交给主考，由主 考按身份证上的姓名核对并签名确认。 如中途无故退场，将作自动放弃考试处理，成绩一律记为不合格。 自备饮料；不得携带手机、拷机等通讯工具进入候考室。 考生须在候考室等候参加考试，在候考期间未经同意不得随意离开候考室。 考试期间，必须遵守考场纪律，服从管理人员安排。 考试结束时，必须将准考证交给主考，同时记下自己的准考证号。 考试结束后，必须立即离开考区。 4、考试形式及试题构成： CET-SET 考试采用面对面的形式，每场考试由 2 名主考和 3 (或 4 )名考生组成 CET-SET 考试分三部分： 第一部分是考生和 CET 授权的主考进行交谈，采用问答的形式。时间约 5 分钟。包括考生自我介绍、回答问题等。 第二部分包括 1.5 分钟的考生个人发言和 4.5 分钟的小组讨论。时间共约 10 分钟。 第三部分由主考再次提问以进一步确定考生的口头交际能力，由主考老师进一步提问。时间约 5 分钟。 5、考试成绩及合格证书： 口语考试成绩合格者由教育部高等教育司发给证书，证书分为 A、B 、C 三个等级，C 等以上者将获得由教育部高教司颁发的注有CET Spoken English Test成绩等级的 CET 证书，成绩低于 C 等的不发给证书。 大学英语四、六级考试口语考试能力等级标准如下： 等级等级描述 A 等能用英语就熟悉的题材进行口头交际，基本上没有困难 B 等能用英语就熟悉的题材进行口头交际，虽有些困难，但不影响交际
大学英语六级翻译练习 答案精编版
Passage 1北京大学 北京大学于1898年成立，原名为京师大学堂(the Imperial University of Peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上，它是进步思想的中心，对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天，国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的地位，学校已做出很大努力。此外，学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。 Originally known as the Imperial University of Peking, Peking University was established in 1898. The establishment of the University marked the beginning of higher education in China's modem history. In modem history of China it was a center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of China's New Culture Movement May Fourth Movement and many other significant events. Today, Peking University was placed by marry domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in China The university lays emphasis on both teaching, and scientific research. It has made great efforts to improve the undergraduate and graduate education, and maintain its role as a leading research institution In addition, the University is especially renowned for its campus environment and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture. Passage 2 中国的民族 中国以其人口密集、疆域辽阔而著称。作为一个多民族国家，中国共有56个民族，总人口约14亿人。汉族是中华民族的主体民族，约占全国人口的92%．主要分布在东部和中部。而其他少数民族居住相对分散，主要分布在中国的西南、西北和东北部地区。每个少数民族都有与众不同的特点、悠久的传统文化和独特的风俗习惯。中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系，强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣。 以……而著称be noted /famous for 少数民族ethnic minority; minority ethnic group 人口密集dense population 与众不同的特点distinctive character 疆域辽阔vast territory 独特的风俗习惯unique convention 多民族的国家a multinational country 提倡advocate; propose 汉族the Han Nationality 强调highlight; emphasize 分布distribute China is noted for its dense population and vast territory. As a multinational country, China is home to 56 ethnic groups with a total population of about l.4 billion The Han Nationality is the majority, accounting for 92% 0f the total population which distributes mainly in the east and middle of China; while the ethnic minorities dwell extensively all over China distributing mainly in the southwest, the northwest and the northeast. Each of the minority ethnic groups has a distinctive character, long traditional culture and unique conventions. Chinese government has long been advocating and developing an equal and united ethnic relationship, highlighting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. Passage 3 中国桥梁 中国的桥梁建设有着悠久的历史中国古代桥梁以木材和石头为主要建筑材料，形式多样，极富特色。中国现存最古老的桥梁为隋代建造的安济桥，位于河北省赵县安济桥又名赵州桥，桥长50.82关，桥宽9米，为国家重点保护的文物(cultural relic). 清朝末年，兰州黄河铁桥建成，标志着中国桥梁建设进入了以钢铁和混凝土( concrete)为主要材料的时期：如今，中国的桥梁建设保持着多项世界记录，中国跻身于世界桥梁建设强国行列. 桥梁建设bridge construction/building 末年late years; last years: final years 有着悠久的历史boast/have a long history 进入了……的时期step into an era of___ 形式多样vary in forms 世界记录world record
2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)
2018年6月四级考试真题（第一套） PartⅠWriting (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions:I n this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Annoyed. C) Confused. B) Scared. D) Offended. 2. A) It crawled over the woman’s hands. C) It was killed by the police on the spot. B) It wound up on the steering wheel. D) It was covered with large scales. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) A study of the fast-food service. B) Fast food customer satisfaction. C) McDonald’s new business strategies. D) Competition in the fast-food industry. 4. A) Customers’ higher demands. C) Increased variety of products. B) The inefficiency of employees. D) The rising number of customers. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs. B) Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration. C) U.S. government’s approval of private space missions.