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跨文化交际复习

I.In the following there should be ten short dialogues. Try to make a proper match between

each of what the first speaker says on the left and what the second speaker says on the right to form a dialogue that will make sense, and then decide what is possibly meant by the second speaker in the dialogue.

1. Let’s go to the movies. A. Huh, lovely weather for Match, isn’t it?

2. Good morning. Do you have anything B. I bought her a flower.

to treat complete loss of voice

3. I don’t think Mrs. Jenkins is an old windbag, C. It would keep me awake all night.

Don’t you?

4. What on earth has happened to my roast beef? D. Well, I’ve been on whisky all day.

5. Would you like a cocktail? It’s my invention. E. He’s English.

6. Are you going to Steve’s barbecue? F. Good morning sir. What can I do for

you?

7. Did you buy her a rose? G. The dog is looking happy.

8. We went to see The Omen last night. But H. It is an out door party

It wasn’t very scary.

9. Would you like something to drink? I. Well, mmm uh it’s not that we don’t

drink.

10.Is John a good cook? J. I’ll bring the Kleenex.

II. A contrast between Chinese and English writing

III.Find out what values the following English proverb and sayings may suggest.

Strike while the iron is hot.

He who hesitates is lost.

God help those help themselves.

The squeaky wheel gets the grease.

A man’s home is his castle.

Action speaks louder than words.

IV.Fill-in task

1.People from Japan and China often refuse to say_______ directly.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e212676287.html,nguage and _______ are fused; one reflects the other.

3.I got some ______ looks from the shopkeeper when I cancelled my order.

4.Chinese culture is ________ culture, in which meaning is not necessarily contained in

words, and ________ can inferred from gestures, the use of space, and even silence.

5.The out-of-awareness part of the cultural iceberg is hidden below the water, below the

level of consciousness, and is thus called _______.

6.I don’t understand this book at all; it’s all ______ to me.

7.If you wanted me to go, why didn’t you say so in plain___instead of making vague hints.

8.Topics such as marital status, property, politics and religious beliefs are not in

conversations in ________ cultures.

9.When a nation or a group of people consider themselves as the center of the world,

_______ arises.

10.________ are generalization or assumptions that people make about the characteristics of

all members of a group, based on an image ( often wrong ) about what people in that group are like.

新编跨文化交际期末复习资料

1.Iceberg:{Edward. 7. Hall.--标志着“跨文化交流”学科的开始} Culture can be viewed as an iceberg. Nine-tenths of an iceberg is out of sight (below the water line). Likewise, nine-tenths of culture is outside of conscious awareness. The part of the cultural iceberg that above the water is easy to be noticed. The out-of-awareness part is sometimes called “deep culture”. This part of the cultural iceberg is hidden below the water and is thus below the level of consciousness. People learn this part of culture through imitating models. / Above the water: what to eat, how to dress, how to keep healthy；Below the water: belief, values, worldview and lifeview, moral emotion, attitude personalty 2.Stereotype:定型主义 a stereotype is a fixed notion about persons in a certain category, with no distinctions made among individuals. In other words, it is an overgeneralized and oversimplified belief we use to categorize a group of people. 3.Ethnocentrism: 民族中心主义Ethnocentrism is the technical name for the view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it. It refers to our tendency to identify with our in-group and to evaluate out-groups and their members according to its standard. 4.Culture:Culture can be defined as the coherent, learned, shared view of group of people about life’s concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior. 5.Cultural values: Values inform a member of a culture about what is good and bad, right and wrong, true and false, positive and negative, and the like. Cultural values defines what is worth dying for, what is worth protecting, what frightens people, what are proper subjects for study and for ridicule, and what types of events lead individuals to group solidarity. 6.Worldview: A worldview is a culture’s orientation toward such things as God, nature, life, death, the universe, and other philosophical issues that are concerned with the meaning of life and with “being”. 7.Social Organizations: The manner in which a culture organizes itself is directly related to the institution within that culture. The families who raise you and the goverments with which you associate and hold allegiance to all help determine hoe you perceive the world and how you behave within that world. 8.Globalization: refers to the establishment of a world economy, in which national borders are becoming less and less important as transnational corporations, existing everywhere and nowhere, do business in a global market. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e212676287.html,munication: Communication is any behavior that is perceived by others. So it can be verbal and nonverbal, informative or persuasive, frightening or amusing, clear or unclear, purposeful or accidental, communication is our link to the rest of the humanity. It pervades everything we do. 10.Elements of communication process:交流过程的基本原理（1）.context: The interrelated conditions of communication make up what is known as context.

翻译研究的语篇分析模式及其意义(二)

英语知识一、导论 20 世纪90 年代,语篇分析开始在翻译研究中占主导地位。语篇分析法侧重于描述语言意义交流及建立社会和权力关系的运作方式。翻译研究中, 最具影响力的语篇分析模式当数礼德的系统功能语篇分析。语篇分析模式引入翻译研究后,对翻译研究那种众说纷纭,莫衷一是的混乱局面无疑注入了一塘清水,尤其对中国翻译界挥之不去的语文学式的翻译研究产生了重要影响。西方翻译研究者把语篇分析引入翻译研究后,已经取得了重要进展,出版了几部重要作品,主要有:J uliane House 的《翻译质量评估模式:一种重访模式》( Translation QualityAssessment : A Model Revisited ) ,[ 1 ]Mona Baker 的《换言之: 翻译教程》( In Other Words : A CourseBook on Translation ) ,[ 2 ] Bell 的《翻译的理论与实践》( Translation and Translating ) ,[ 3 ] Basil Hatim和Ian Mason 合著的《语篇与译者》( Discourse andthe Translator ) [ 4 ] 和《作为交际者的译者》(The ranslator as Communicator ) ,[ 5 ] Basil的《跨文化交际—翻译理论与对比篇章语言学》(Communication across Cultures : Translation Theoryand Cont rastive ) 。[6 ] J uliane House 通过对原文和译文进行语域对比分析以确定译作评估模式,并分析了显性翻译(overt translation) 和隐形翻译(coverttranslation) 。显性翻译自称不是翻译,隐形翻译则被定义为在译语文化中享有和源语文本平等的地位。Baker 探讨了翻译中语言各层次尤其是语篇和语用层次上的对等。Basil Hatim 和Ian Mason 将符号层上的语篇融入其翻译研究模式,代表了更广泛意义上的话语观。在我国,将语篇分析模式引入翻译研究的应首推黄国文和美芳二教授。黄国文在《外语与外语

文化差异与跨文化交际章节答案

第一章 1 【单选题】(10分) 中西方文化交流的历史源远流长，历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。“丝绸之路”的得名是由（）提出的。 A. 张骞 B. 汉和帝 C. 汉武帝正确查看答案解析 10分 2 【多选题】(10分) 广义上的“丝绸之路”除了包括陆上丝绸之路外，还包括海上丝绸之路。海上丝绸之路由（）组成。 D. 北洋航线正确查看答案解析 10分 3 【多选题】(10分) “丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。其发挥的作用主要是指（）。 B. 军事作用正确查看答案解析

10分 4 【单选题】(10分) 通过“陆上丝绸之路”，于（）年粟特人将制造葡萄酒的技术传入中国。 B. 康熙九年 C. 崇祯十六年 D. 元和七年正确查看答案解析 10分 5 【单选题】(10分) 汉武帝时期，（）为开拓“丝绸之路”立下了汗马功劳，被誉为“中国走向世界第一人”。 A. 卫青 B. 霍去病 D. 司马迁正确查看答案解析 10分 6 【多选题】(10分) 鸠摩罗什把佛教从西方引入中国，将大量经书翻译成汉语，为佛教在中国的传播做出了巨大的贡献。他与（）和玄奘并称为中国佛教四大译经家。 B. 鉴真 C. 法显正确查看答案解析 10分 7 【单选题】(10分) （）17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔历时四年来到中国，与元世祖忽必烈建立了友谊。后由鲁斯蒂谦将其在中国见闻轶事整理并编着成游记，在欧洲广为流传，激起了欧洲人对东方的向往。

A. 查理·马特 C. 利玛窦 D. 阿基米德正确查看答案解析 10分 8 【多选题】(10分) 佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟，其中敦煌莫高窟与（）并称为中国四大石窟。 A. 固原须弥山石窟正确查看答案解析 10分 9 【多选题】(10分) 利玛窦不仅将中国文化介绍到了西方，而且帮助中国人打开了视野，使中国人了解到了西方。正是由于他的到来，使中国人第一次接触到了（）。 D. 西方哲学正确答案是:A,B,C 查看答案解析 10 【多选题】(10分) “丝绸之路”加强了东西方的贸易往来。通过“丝绸之路”中国将（）运输到东南亚、南亚、东非以及欧洲各国。

跨文化交际概论-课程各章节内容要点整理

第一章跨文化语言交际概述第一节文化、语言和交际一、关于文化的概念（一）文化的内涵和特性 1、关于文化的内涵概括地讲，文化即是人们所思、所言（言语和非言语）、所为、所觉的总和。在不同的生态或自然环境下，不同的民族创造了自己特有的文化，也被自己的文化所塑造。交际即文化，文化即交际，如果没有交际，文化是难以形成的。科学的提法是：“文化是冻结了的人际交流，而交际是流动着的文化。” 2、关于文化的特性（1）文化由人们的内稳和外显的行为组成。（2）文化是通过符号被人们习得和传授的知识。（3）文化是群体行为规则的集合。（4）文化与社会是潜在现实中两种类型或两个层面上的概念。（5）文化是历史所衍生及选择的传统观念。（6）文化和交际具有同一性。（7）文化是动态多变的。（8）文化具有选择性。（9）文化是群体或民族中心主义的意识产物。（10）文化是个非常复杂的系统。（二）文化定势、群体文化、亚文化 1、文化定势和群体文化世界上大多数社会中都可能存在着若干群体或社团，这些群体或社团对地域、历史、生活方式、世界观，以及价值观等方面的共享，使其成员形成并发展和强化了自己独特的文化和与其相关的交际文化。存在两种不同类型的文化范畴：一是全民族的文化，即整体的文化形象，二是具体的个性文化，即是按个人的社会情况或个人所属文化群体为基础的文化，有的学者把这种文化称之为群体文化或副文化。 2、亚文化与亚群体在跨文化交际研究中，对文化分类的一种较为传统的做法是把文化分成主流文化和亚文化。亚文化是指存在于某一主流文化之中的一种非主流文化，某一少数群体的文化，这一文化中的行为模式区别于主流文化的行为模式。二、关于语言的概念（一）语言是交际工具 1、交际媒介言语交际是人类社会中必需的另一种交换活动，交换的是信息、思想、情感。语言就是一个符号系统，一个人脑子里贮存了符号和符号的组合规则，他就可以和别人交际，传情达意，沟通信息。 2、符号功能符号是用某种能感知的形式来代表某种事物或现象的结合体。符号由两个要素构成：一个是形式，必须是人们可感知的途径，如听觉、视觉、嗅觉、触觉等等；另一个是意义，即这个形式所代表的事物或现象。形式和意义结合，就成了“符号”。人类语言是一种有声语言，用声音形式来表示意义，通过听觉途径来感知和理解话语。（二）语言是思维工具 “思维”和“思想”不完全相同：思维是人们认识现实世界的过程；而思想是人们对现实世

跨文化交际复习资料

1.monochronic time (M Time) ：It schedules one event at a time. In these cultures time is perceived as a linear structure just like a ribbon stretching from the past into the future. 2.polychronic time (P Time) ：schedules several activities at the same time. In these culture people emphasize the involvement of people more than schedules. They do not see appointments as ironclad commitments and often break them. 3.intercultural communication ：is a face-to-face communication between people from different cultural backgrounds 4.host culture is the mainstream culture of anyone particular country. 5.minority culture is the cultural groups that are smaller in numerical terms in relation to the host culture. 6.subculture is a smaller, possibly nonconformist, subgroup within the host culture. 7.multiculturalism is the official recognition of a country’s cultural and ethnic diversity. 8.cross-cultural communication is a face-to-face communication between reprentatives of business,government and professional groups from different cultures. 9.high-context culture ：a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence. 10.low-context culture ：a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code. 11.perception: in its simplest sense,perception is ,as Marshall singer tells us,”the process by which an individual selects, evaluates,and organizes stimuli from the external world”In other words, perception is an internal process whereby we convert the physical energies of the world into meaningful internal experiences. Non-verbal communication It refers to communication through a whole variety of different types f signal come into play, including the way we more, the gestures we employ, the posture we adopt, the facial expression we wear, the direction of our gaze, to the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand from each other. . Individualism Individualism refers to the doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be paramount, and that all values, right, and duties originate in individuals. It emphasizes individual initiative, independence，individual expression, and even privacy. 13. Paralanguage The set of nonphonemic properties of speech, such as speaking tempo, vocal pitch, and intonational contours, that can be used to communicate attitudes or other shades of meaning. 12.人际交际interpersonal communication: a small number of individuals who are interacting exclusively with one another and who therefore have the ability to adapt their messages specifically for those others and to obtain immediate interpretaions from them.指少数人之间的交往他们既能根据对方调整自己的信息，又能立即从对方那里获得解释。 13.内文化交际intracultural communication is defined as communication between and among members of the same culture .指同一文化内某成员之间的交际，总的来说，同一种族，政治倾向宗教，或者具有同样兴趣的人们之间的交际。

跨文化交际练习

跨文化交际练习班别：学号姓名 Directions: For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English. 1. On the way home, a student addresses his cousin Li Ming in English: a. “Hello, cousin!” b. “Hello, Li Ming!” 2. In the office of the English Department An English student studying in China is telephoning the secretary of the department. Jack: “Hello, I’d like to speak to Li Ming, please.” Song: a. “I’m Li Ming.” b. “This is me.” c. “Li Ming is speaking.” 3. In the students’ dormitory Andrew: “ Would you like to watch a football match?” Xiao Zhang: a. “I’d love to, but I’m busy at the moment.” b. “I haven’t finished my homework yet.” c. “ Excuse me, but I’m not free.” 4. At a friend’s home in England. A Chinese student gives a birthday present to her English friend. Mary: “Thank you. It’s beautiful.” Xiao Zhao: a. “Really? Do you like it?” b. “Don’t mention it. It’s only a small thing.” c. “I’m glad you like it.” 5. At a bus stop Man: Excuse me, do you know which bus goes to London Road, please? Woman: Sorry, I’ve no ideas. Man: a. It doesn’t matter. b. Oh. c. Thank you anyway. 6. Joyce is talking to her friend, Brenda. Joyce: “Do you mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?” Brenda:a. You’re welcome. b. I don’t care. c. I don’t min d. d.No, not at all. 7. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says: a. This way, please. b. Come here! c. Follow me! d. Move on! 8. Li had something to tell the manager, Mr Smith. He went to his place, entered the room and said: a. You’re not busy, I hope. b. Got a minute? c. Can I have a word with, Mr Smith. d. I’m terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr.Smith. 9. You’re v isiting a new British friend. His house is very beautiful. Do you _______ a. tell him how beautiful it is ? b. ask how much it costs? c. ask if he’ll take you round every room? 10. You’ve arranged to meet a friend at 2pm. But you missed the train and you know you’ll be at least two hours late. Do you ________ a. decide not to meet your friend, and phone him the next day? b. phone him, apologize and tell him you’ll be late? c. decide not to phone, and just arrive late? 11. A British friend is having dinner at your house. His plate is empty. You offer him more food and he says no. Do you ___ a. keep offering until he says yes? b. just put the food on his plate without asking again?

文化差异与跨文化交际

文化差异与跨文化交际第一章单元测试 1、李希霍芬 2、东洋航线西洋航线南洋航线 3、贸易作用外交作用文化交流作用 4、贞观十四年 5、张骞 6、不空真谛 7、马可?波罗 8、天水麦积山石窟洛阳龙门石窟大同云冈石窟 9、西洋音乐西方油画机械钟表 10、瓷器茶叶丝绸第二章单元测试 1、美国 2、牛仔鸡尾酒快餐 3、熊猫京剧长城 4、丝绸之路四大发明 5、语言饮食宗教 6、江南民居川西民居北京四合院书院建筑 7、巴洛克式建筑罗马式建筑哥特式建筑洛可可建筑 8、雕梁画柱飞檐斗拱亭台楼阁 9、伦敦圣保罗大教堂梵蒂冈圣保罗大教堂 10、洛可可式建筑 11、粤菜湘菜川菜鲁菜 12、勺子筷子盆子碗 13、红茶白茶黑茶绿茶 14、二锅头黄酒 15、豫剧黄梅戏京剧评剧 16、扬琴古琴 17、茶花女卡门图兰朵 18、最后的晚餐蒙娜丽莎 19、澳大利亚 20、BDCEA 第三章单元测试 1、全选 2、傅聪傅敏 3、Skype Twitter 4、文化背景年龄年龄 5、受众面广不受时空限制

7、叔侄关系 8、自然形成无需刻意建立恒久不变 9、宰相肚里能撑船。人非圣贤孰能无过？退一步海阔天空 10、全选 11、面试出席婚礼谈判 12、全选 13、合理的 14、包容的精神 15、机智幽默 16、清晨晚10点半以后 17、于约定时间前去朋友家做客临时起意邀请朋友过来用餐朋友婚礼赠送礼金 18、主人为客人夹菜相互劝酒客套表示谦虚 19、注重个人隐私把家视为私人的空间 20、于约定时间后五到十分钟到达准时到达第四章单元测试 1、情景语境文化语境 2、是否已婚收入财产 3、百年好合 4、外语能力语用能力文化背景知识 5、口语交际书面语交际 6、含蓄隐晦间接 7、表情空间沉默 8、低语境国家 9、日本墨西哥 10、老乡观念强邻里关系紧密战友关系紧密对家族观念强 11、参与模式 12、全选 13、互动频繁可以当面争执 14、. 健康婚姻年薪 15、全选第五章单元测试 1、非语言交际 2、音量的大小语速的快慢语速的轻重 3、品牌标识交通标识 4、口头形式文字形式 5、言谈 6、商务政务

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