专四语法第2节-名词与主谓一致
第二节名词与主谓一致
名词可分为专有名词（Proper Noun）和普通名词（Common Noun），专有名词主要指人名、地名及其他专有名称，如China ,Columbus , Hong Kong , Tom , Diana等。普通名词是一类人或东西，或一个抽象概念，如book，joy等。普通名词可分为以下四类：
1.个体名词（Individual Noun）：表示某类人或事物中的个体，如：women，pig，treed，desk，pen。
2.集体名词（Collective Noun）：表示个体的人或事物组成的集合体，如：people，family，audience，crowd，flock，swarm。
3.物质名词（Material Noun）：表示一定形态的物质名称，如：water，air，glass，paper，salt。
4.抽象名词（Abstract Noun）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念及学科、疾病等名称的词，如：work，peace，democracy，truth，joy，fear。
个体名词和集合名词一般可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
一、集体名词的数
1. 通常作不可数名词的集体名词
clothing 衣物furniture家具baggage/luggage行李equipment设备
jewelry 珠宝traffic交通information 信息foliage叶子,植物
machiner y 机械merchandise商品produce产物scenery风景
这类集体名词的用法与不可数名词相当。
形式上总是单数，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
Our clothing protects us form cold.衣服保护我们免受寒冷。
The machinery is made in China.这些机器是中国制造的。
不可直接与a(n)或数词连用。表数量时用much, little, some, a piece of, an article of等。如：Each room has four pieces of furniture.每间房有四件家具。
若需用代词，用单数代词，如：
Do you want to see my jewelry? It is in the box.你想看我的珠宝吗？它在我的箱子里。
2. 通常作复数的集体名词
police警察cattle牛，家畜poultry 家禽vermin害虫
clergy神职人员militia民兵
这些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如：
The police are looking for him.警察当局正在找他。
The cattle provide us with milk,0eef and hides.牛给我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮革。
3.既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
people人们，人民，〔C〕民族herd牧群flock羊群family家庭，家人
team队government政府crowd人群committee委员会
council理事会crew全体人员staff全体职员party党员
firm商号company公司jury陪审团couple对，双
board董事会group团体gang一伙media媒体
army军队enemy敌军union联盟audience听众
public公众，人群mankind人类，〔C〕男子
这些集体名词当作一个整体时，用作单数，且常常与定冠词the连用;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时，看作复数。如：
The jury consists of 7 people.陪审团由7个人组成。
The jury are unable to reach a unanimous decision.陪审团成员未能达成意见一致的
裁决。
The family are all fond of football.那一家人都喜欢足球。
The family is the tiniest cell of the society.家庭是社会的最小的细胞。
4.a committee, etc. of+复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee/panel/board... of+复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。如：A committee of six men and five women is to consider the matter. 六男五女组成的委员会将考虑这个问题。
二、抽象名词
1.抽象名词的数
（1）抽象名词大多是不可数名词，没有单、复数之分，可用语义对应的个体名词来计数。如：
laughter―laugh笑work―job工作correspondence― letter信件
Photograph—photo照片permission—permit许可music—song歌曲fun—joy开心homework—exercise作业
（2）有一些抽象名词是可数的，如：
a pity 一件遗憾的事—a thousand pities 一千次遗憾，太遗憾了
a hope of victory 胜利的希望—in great hopes 很大希望
a victory 一次胜利—two victories 两次胜利
a conference 一次会议—several conferences 几次会议
a man of virtue 具有美德的人—patience is a virtue 耐心是一种美德
（3）某些抽象名词用作特定含义时可以用不定冠词修饰，但不能用复试形式。如：
a great help 帮助很大 a dislike of TV programs 不喜欢电视节目
a shame 可惜 a proper education 正规的教育
（4）有些抽象名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。如：
experience【U】经验；【C】经历relation【U】关系；【C】亲戚
youth【U】青春，青年；【C】男青年worry【U】心烦意乱；【C】令人心烦的事agony【U】痛苦；【C】令人痛苦的事business【U】商业，交易；【C】商店，商行kindness【U】善意；【C】善行pleasure【U】高兴，愉快；【C】令人感到愉快的事beauty【U】美；【C】美
2. 抽象名词的惯用法
（1）of+抽象名词= 形容词，如：a man of ability = an able man 有能力的人of +great+抽象名词= very+形容词，如：It is of great value = It is very valuable. 这东西很贵重。
of +no+抽象名词= not+形容词，如：It is of no use. = It is not useful. 这东西没有用处。
（2）with/in/by/on+（great+）抽象名词= （very+）副词
With kindness = kindly 亲切地with ease = easily容易地
in wonder = wonderfully 惊奇地in public = publicly 公开地
by chance/accident = accidentally 偶然by mistake = mistakenly 由于错误地
on purpose = purposely 故意地on time = punctually 准时地
（3）抽象名词+itself = very+形容词，all+抽象名词= very+形容词，如
He is cruelty itself. = He is very cruel.他很残忍。
We were all eagerness to see him. = We were very eager to see him.我们极想见他。
三、物质名词
物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数名词，按理不能用不定冠词a/an修饰，也没有复数形式。但是，它们有时也用作普通名词，从而具有可数名词的性质。
glass玻璃—a glass玻璃杯—glasses眼镜paper纸—a paper报纸，论文
wine酒—an excellent wine一种好酒sand沙子—sands大面积的沙滩water水—waters大面积的水域food食物—foods多种食物
coffee咖啡—two coffees两杯咖啡rubber橡胶—rubbers胶鞋
stone石料—stones石头egg蛋渍/蛋白—eggs一个个的蛋lamb羔羊肉—lambs羔羊onion洋葱味—onions洋葱头
四、专有名词
⒈有名词之前通常无冠词，但有些专有名词，在某种情形下可以加上冠词。
A Mr. Lee came to see you.有位李先生来看你。
Beijing is the Washington, D.C. of China. 北京是中国的华盛顿。（表独一无二的含义）⒉有名词词尾可加S或es。
Have you invited the Browns? 你邀请了布朗一家吗？
There are two Miss Smiths/Misses Smith in the class. 班上有两个史密斯小姐。
五、以-S结尾的名词的数
1、表示学科、游戏、疾病的名称以及像the United States 这样的专业名词，用作单数。
Physics is the mother of sciences.物理为一切学科之母。
Billiards is played by women as well as by men.女人和男人一样玩台球。
Statistics is a branch of mathematics.统计学是数学的分支。
比较：The statistics in that report are incorrect.那份报告里的统计数字不正确。
2、表示衣物（如jeans，trousers，pants，pajamas），表示两部分构成的工具器械（如scissors，glasses，binoculars，scales，spectacles），表示某类东西的总称（如clothes）以及不表示学科的以-ics结尾的词（如politics），都有作用复数。如：
My clothes are dirty.我的衣服脏了。
My earnings this year are not half of yours.我今年的收入不到你的一半。
六、名词属格
1、名词属格的构成
（1）名词属格（Genitive Noun）也叫名词所有格，通常由在名词词尾加上’s或’构成（以S结尾的复数名词加’），用于表示有生命的东西（人或动物），地理名称、天体名称、时间、度量、价值等名词。如：
John’s friend 约翰的朋友children’s books 儿童读物
My fat her’s room我父亲的房yesterday’s newspaper 昨天的报纸
five minutes’ walk 5分钟的路程China’s industry 中国的工业
the two boy’s mother 有两个儿子的母 a teachers’ college 师范大学
（2）并列名词作为一个单位，表共有关系时，只在最后一个词尾加’s。如：an hour and a half’s walk一个半小时的路程
everyone else’s opin ion所有其他人的意见
my father-in-law’s death我公公/岳父的死
the University of Minnesota’s president明尼斯达大学的校长
（3）并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均应加’s，如：
比较：Tom’s and Susan’s desks汤姆的和苏珊的桌子（两张桌子）
Tom and Susan’s desks汤姆和苏珊的桌子（两人共有）
（4）当名词后有另一名词作同位语时，在同位语名词后加’s，如：
his classmate Johnson’s book他同学约翰逊的书
Your teacher Miss Lee’s office is over there.你们李老师的办公室在那边。
（5）以/z/音结尾的人名，其属格加’s或’均可，如Dickens’/Dickens’s, Jones’/Jones’s;但以/s/结尾的人名，属格用’s，如Ross’s，Marx’s等。
（6）独立属格（Independent Genitive）
名词属格通常属于名词中心词之前，作限定语或修饰语。有时，名词属格可独立存在，称为“独立属格”。可能产生独立属格的情况有：
●限定或修饰的名词在上下文提及；
●名词属格后接某人的家、教堂、学校、店铺、公司等表示地点的名词时。
The magazine is not mine, but Jackie’s. 这本杂志不是我的，是杰克的。
I met him at the Johnson’s(shop). 我在约翰逊商店遇见了他。
I went to my auntie’s(house) yesterday. 我昨天到我阿姨家去了。
2. 名词属格的意义
(1)表示所有关系
My brother’s passport 我哥哥的护照Mr. Brown’s suitcase 布朗先生的手提箱
(2)表示主谓关系
the visitor’s departure 来访者的离开the teacher’s request 老师的要求
Britain’s decision 英国的决定the train’s arrival 火车的到来
(3)表示动宾关系
the children’s education 对孩子的教育the boy’s punishment 对男孩的惩罚
the discussion of the plan 对计划的讨论the reaction rule’s overthrow 反对统治的推翻(4)表示来源
Mary’s letter (=letter from Mary) 玛丽的信
the boy’s story (=story told by the boy) 男孩讲的故事
(5)表示类别
a summer’s day (=a day in summer）夏季的一天
women’s boots (=boots for women) 女人的靴子
(6)表示时间、度量、价值等
an hour’s work 一个小时的工作two pounds’ weight 两磅的重量
three dollar’s worth of eggs 价值三元的鸡蛋
3.名词属格和of词组
(1)名词属格和of词组在意义和用法上有很多相通之处，of词组也表示所有关、主谓关系、
动宾语关系、来源等。如：
the trunk of an elephant =an elephant’s trunk 大象的鼻子（所有关系）
the policy of a company =a company’s policy 公司的政策（所有关系）
the arrival of her mother 相当于her mother arrived 他母亲的到来（主谓关系）
our love of this city 相当于we love this city 我们对这个城市的爱（动宾关系）
the tragedies of Shakespeare 相当于the tragedies written by Shakespeare 莎士比亚的悲剧（表示来源）
(2)名词属格表示事物类别或属性时，表示时间、度量、价值时，不可用of词组替代，如：
children’s pictorial 儿童画报men’s clothing 男士服装
a master’s degree 硕士学位 a night’s sleep 一晚的睡眠
(3)某些固定习语中，名词属格和of词组不能互换，如：
at one’s wit’s end 不知所措 a wolf in sleep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼
a hair’s breadth 差一点in one’s mind’s eye 在某人的想象中
to one’s heart’s content 尽情的at death’s door 在鬼门关
out of harm’s way 在安全的地方keep sb. at arm’s length 避免跟某人太接近
(4)以下情况只能用of词组：
●of词组表示同位关系时（名词属格不可表示同位关系）；
●名词后跟有短语或从句修饰时；
●以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时；
●代词宾格之前用of词组。
the city of Rome 罗马城
the articles of the students who attended the class yesterday 昨天来上课的那些学生文章
the livelihood of poor 穷人的生活the struggle of the exploited 受剥削人多斗争
three of us 我们中的三人many of them 他们中许多人
4.双重所有格
(1)双重所有格（Double possessive）是一种表示部分概念或富有感情色彩的结构，它含有
强调或突出的作用，其结构是“of短语+名词属格”，其涵义是“其中之一”或“其中一部分”。
如：
an old friend of my mother’s 我妈妈的老朋友之一
a picture of my aunt’s 我姑姑的一张照片（她拥有的一张照片，不一定是她本人的照片）
比较：a picture of my aunt 我姑姑的一张照片（她本人的照片）
(2)物主代词不与,these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等限定
词一起前置修饰名词，而必须用双重属格。结构为：a, an, this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如：
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友（不可用a my friend）
each brother of his 他的每个兄弟（不可用his each brother）
七、主谓一致
主谓一致（Subject-verb Agreement）指主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。
一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
1.不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数，谓语动词用作单数形式；但如果主语
为and连接的两个不定式、动名词以及从句时，谓语用复数形式。
Reading often means learning. 阅读常意味着。
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good. 每天早晨朗语有许多好处
Having enough sleep and doing regular exercises are beneficial to your health. 睡眠充足和
经常运动有益身心。
2.当主语由and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，
此时and链接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The composer and singer was well received by the audience.那个作曲家兼歌星受到了听众
的认可。
3.由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a(n),no时，谓语动词用单数。
Each book and (each) paper is found in its place. 每本书和每份报纸各居其位。
No teacher and (no) student was here. 没有一个老师和学生在这里。
4.each, every, each and every, either, neither, one, another, little, a little和much 作主语或
修饰主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每个人都有一台录音机。
*注意：“复数主语+each”之后用复数动词。
Five each of these items are required. 这些项目中有五项都是必需的。
We each have our merits.= We have our merits each. 我们每个人都各有其优点。
5.Everyone,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,somethin
g,no
6.one，nobody，nothing作主语时,用单数动词。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表有问题，
Anyone but you is welcome. 除了你，任何人都受欢迎。
none,some,any,more,most,all等代词作主语,动词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right.所有的都对。
7.All are present.全都到齐了。
“all，none，most，majority，part，enough，some，one half，the rest，the reminder，a portion 等+
8.of... ”短语，或者more than... 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数通常由所修饰的名词、代词的数决定。
When enough of the tree is chopped away，the tree falls. 如果一棵树砍去足够多的部分，树就会倒下。
Enough of the data have been collected. 已经收集了足够多的数据。(data为datum的复数形式)
More than one person is going to lose his job.不止一个人会失去工作。
More than 50O people are going to lose their jobs.500多人会失去工作。
9. 当中心词为度量、距离、时间、价格等复数名词的时候,谓语动词采用单数形式。
Two miles is a short distance.两英里路很近。
10. 一般来说,不可数名词及可数名词单数的谓语用动词单数,可数名词复数的谓语用动词复数,但当
不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.去年生产了1万吨煤。
11. 当主语后面跟有including，with，together with，along with，like，in addition to，as well as，
rather than，as much as，more than，no less than，but，except，accompanied by等连接的短语时，谓语动词不受这些词组的影响,与前面的主语一致。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我都想去划船。
An expert，together with some assistants，was sent to help in this work. 一位专家和几位助手被派去协助这项工作。
12. 在定语从句中,若引导词在从句中充当主语，谓语的数要跟先行词一致。
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you.这里有人要和你说话。
13. 当or，either…or，neither…nor，not only...but also连接两个以上主语时，谓语动词与最邻近
的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here，there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语
一致。
Either you or she is to go. 你或她要去。
Neither he nor they were late last time. 他上次没有迟到,他们也没有迟到。
Here is a pen，a few envelops and some paper for you. 这是给你的一支钢笔、几个信封和一些纸。
There is a pen，a knife and several books on the desk.桌子上有一支笔、一把刀和几本书。13.当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.《一千零一夜》是英语爱好者熟知的一本书。
l4. "the+形容词“作主语，代表单数名词时用单数动词;如果意义指一类人，则应视为复数，谓语动词也应该用复数。
In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to unfortunate. 在许多
故事里,好人总是有好;坏人注定要倒霉。
15. 疑问代词which作主语时,其动词是单数还是复数根据which所指的单复数而定;但
who作主语时,即使被问者是复数,通常也用单数动词。
Which is more valuable，health or wealth? 健康和财富,哪个更宝贵?
Which are prettier，these or those? 哪些更漂亮,这些还是那些?
-Who wants to come with me?-We do.谁要和我一起去? 我们。
比较:Who are her roommates? 她的室友是谁? (主语是复数roommates, 不是who)
典型真题训练
1. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. New machinery were introduced in the factory.
B. Poultry are very expensive in the city.
C. The police are investigating the murder case.
D. The militia were called out to rescue flood victims.
2. The statistics _______ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.
A. proves.
B. is proving.
C. are proving.
D. prove.
3. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (主谓关系)?
A. Mr. Smith's passport has been issued.
B. The visitor's arrival was reported in the news.
C. John's travel details have not been finalized.
D. The new bookstore sells children's stories.
4. The iron and steel industry ______ an important part in our national economy.
A. plays
B. played
C. play
D. playing
5. You may find that each child in the kindergarten______ a different answer to the question.
A. give
B. gives
C. gave
D. giving
6. Mr.Wells,together with all the members of his family, ______ for Europe this afternoon.
A are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave
7. All the President's Men_____ one of the important books for historians who study the
Watergate Scandal.
A. remain
B. remains
C. remained
D. is remaining
8. My cousin，who ______ a painter, is in Japan at present.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
9. How close parents are to their children______ a strong influence on the character of the
children.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. to have
10. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ______going to agree upon anything today.
A. neither you nor I are.
B. neither you nor me is
C. neither you nor I am.
D. neither me nor you are
11. Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?
A. Politics are the art or science of government.
B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.
C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.
12. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. Physics is an important school subject.
B. The Niagara Falls is in North America.
C. The United States borders Canada.
D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
13. _______ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.
A. None
B. Both
C. Neither
D. All
14. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.
B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.
C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.
D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.
15. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him.
B. No one except his supporters agree with him.
C. Neither Julia nor I was going to the party.
D. Few students in my class are really lazy.
16. The audience _____ excited on seeing _____ favorite star glide onto the stage.
A. were…their
B. were…its
C. was…their
D. was…one’s
17. The research requires more money than_____.
A. have been put in
B. has been put in
C. being put in
D. to be put in
18. Bread and butter ____ liked by Westerners.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. be
19. To my surprise, the majority of the students ____ in favor of his proposal.
A. is
B. are
C. be
D. was
20. Not only you but also I ____ mistaken on this point.
A. are
B. were
C. have
D. am
21. Twenty pounds ____ enough for such a poor family spend for a month.
A. were
B. being
C. have been
D. was
22. The president of the college, together with the deans, ____ planning a conference for the purpose of laying down a series of regulations.
A. were
B. are
C. is
D. will
23. Many a person ____ at the gate of the department store.
A. is standing
B. are standing
C. have been standing
D. have stoo
24. The factory manager and secretary ____ our party.
A. is to attend
B. are to attend
C. were to attend
D. is attended
25. The older worker and the young each ____ their own tools.
A. have
B. has
C. are having
D. is having
26. In early January 1996 the Netherlands _____ hit by its worst storm since 1976.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. had
27. The Himalayas _____ a magnificent variety of plant.
A. were
B. was
C. has
D. have
28. Athletics_____ a required course for students of all grades.
A. were
B. has
C. is
D. have
29.The diabetes______ a kind of chronic disease.
A. were
B. has
C. is
D. have
30. My earnings this year _____ not half of yours.我今年的收入不到你的一半。
A.are
B. has
C. is
D. have
31. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. Every 100 households have 93 television sets.
B. More than one person is involved in this case.
C. A woman with two children has come.
D. Many a lady are talking under the tree.
32. The office staff _____ assembled outside the building to mourn the victims in the earthquake.
A. is being
B. has
C. is
D. have
33. The financial problem as well as other issues ______ going to be discussed when the congress is in session again next spring.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. was
34. A series of robberies ______ recently.
A. has been reported
B. has reported
C. have been reported
D. have reported
35. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. All work is not dull; some work is pleasant.
B. Anyone and everyone has his own hobby.
C. More than one were drown to death in this lake..
D. Each gift was wrapped in a separate package.
36. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. His family is well known in this country.
B. The public were not allowed to hear the trial.
C. Poultry is expensive at this time of year.
D. Physics include mechanics, heat, light, etc.
37. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. We each has our own view on marriage.
B. Not you but your father is to blame.
C. There is a pen and some books on the desk.
D. His family are waiting for him.
38. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. Fire and water do not agree.
B. Each minute and each second are valuable.
C. Bread and butter is a nutritious food for patients.
D. The scholar and poet is dead.
39. Every means _____ tried out but no one works. I have run out of my patience.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. have been
40. Mr. White, together with all his colleagues, _____ for Europe this morning.
A. are leaving
B. leave
C. is leaving
D. are t o leave
41. No one except my parents ______ anything about it.
A. know
B. knows
C. knew
D. knowing.
42. The number of accidents in this city _______.
A. has increased
B. were increased
C. have been increased
D. have increased
43. There _______ my wife and children to consider.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
44. _______ grazing on the meadow.
A. The cattle was
B. The cattles were
C. The cattle were
D. A cattle was
45. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _____ sea.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
46. The wounded _______ by the hospital.
A .have been taken in C. has been taken in
C. have taken in
D. has taken in
47. George is the only one of the brightest students who __ from New York University. A. is graduated B. have graduated C. has graduated D. are graduated
48. Several of the cups in the set __ in delivery.
A. were smashed
B. was smashing
C. was smashed
D. were smashing
49. One pair of pincers ______ enough.
A. is
B. has
C. were
D. have
50. The book has been rewritten but the contents __ not been changed much.
A. is
B. has
C. were
D. have
初中英语中主谓一致详解
主谓一致详解 【基础知识】 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配： 语法一致原则(grammatical concord) 意义一致原则(notional concord) 就近原则(principle of proximity) （一）语法一致原则 用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如： This table is a genuine antique. Both parties have their own advantages. Her job has something to do with computers. She wants to go home. They are divorcing each other. Mary was watching herself in the mirror. The bird built a nest. Susan comes home every week-end. （二）意义一致原则 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如： Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. The United States is a developed country. It is the remains of a ruined palace. The archives was lost.
初中英语语法主谓一致
初中英语语法主谓一致 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020
I．单数主语： 1．当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2．当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！） ● Each girl and boy has a . ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3．位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。） ● The teacher along with his students is going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder si ster have come to see him. II．复数主语： 1．当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
专四语法第2节-名词与主谓一致
第二节名词与主谓一致 名词可分为专有名词（Proper Noun）和普通名词（Common Noun），专有名词主要指人名、地名及其他专有名称，如China ,Columbus , Hong Kong , Tom , Diana等。普通名词是一类人 或东西，或一个抽象概念，如book，joy等。普通名词可分为以下四类： 1.个体名词（Individual Noun）：表示某类人或事物中的个体，如：women，pig，treed，desk，pen。 2.集体名词（Collective Noun）：表示个体的人或事物组成的集合体，如：people，family，audience，crowd，flock，swarm。 3.物质名词（Material Noun）：表示一定形态的物质名称，如：water，air，glass，paper，salt。 4.抽象名词（Abstract Noun）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念及学科、疾病等名称 的词，如：work，peace，democracy，truth，joy，fear。 个体名词和集合名词一般可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和 抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 一、集体名词的数 1. 通常作不可数名词的集体名词 clothing 衣物furniture家具baggage/luggage行李equipment设备 jewelry 珠宝traffic交通information 信息foliage叶子,植物 machiner y 机械merchandise商品produce产物scenery风景 这类集体名词的用法与不可数名词相当。 形式上总是单数，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Our clothing protects us form cold.衣服保护我们免受寒冷。 The machinery is made in China.这些机器是中国制造的。 不可直接与a(n)或数词连用。表数量时用much, little, some, a piece of, an article of等。如：Each room has four pieces of furniture.每间房有四件家具。 若需用代词，用单数代词，如： Do you want to see my jewelry It is in the box.你想看我的珠宝吗它在我的箱子里。 2. 通常作复数的集体名词 police警察cattle牛，家畜poultry 家禽vermin害虫 clergy神职人员militia民兵 这些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如： The police are looking for him.警察当局正在找他。 The cattle provide us with milk,0eef and hides.牛给我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮革。 3.既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 people人们，人民，〔C〕民族herd牧群flock羊群family家庭，家人 team队government政府crowd人群committee委员会 council理事会crew全体人员staff全体职员party党员 firm商号company公司jury陪审团couple对，双 board董事会group团体gang一伙media媒体army军队enemy敌军union联盟audience听众 public公众，人群mankind人类，〔C〕男子
名词与主谓一致
名词与主谓一致 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
专题七名词与主谓一致一、考情分析 近年来对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析及并列主语的主谓一致上，其次是名词所有格、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化以及不定数量的词或词组与名词的搭配关系上。 考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况，加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查。 二、名词的数 英语中大多数可数名词都可以通过加-s或–es的方法变为复数名词。不可数名词（抽象或物质）没有复数形式，专有名词一般只有单数形式，只有少数专有名词才有复数形式。 （一）规则变化 （二）一些特殊情况 1. 合成名词变为复数时，通常把主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，将最后一部分变为复数。如： Sons-in-law, passers-by, story-tellers,housewives等
2. family, team, class, group, government, crowd, audience等作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如果看成成员，谓语动词用复数。 某些集体名词，如people, polic, youth, cattle等及clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses 作主语时，谓语用复数。若这类名词与a pair of 等词连用时，谓语动词往往用单数。 3. 单、复数同形的名词如means（方法）作主语时，应根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数。 4. 有些名词呈现了复数形式，如news,manners, politics, physics 等但并不表示复数概念。 5. 有些名词总是在使用时用其复数形式，如thanks, regards, congratulations, goods, works, tears, instructions, directions, respects 等。 6. 有些短语要求用名词复数形式. 如 make friends with shake hands with take pains to do sth. make both ends meet … （三）名词与表示数量的词或短语的搭配
l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致
初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例：boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。 例：who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例：good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。 例：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。 例：am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。 例：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例：a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
例：oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例：I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例：Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例：My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例：He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例：He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例：He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例：Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。 例：He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
高中英语语法名词和主谓一致【55题】
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
高中英语语法知识点 主谓一致
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
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Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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英语专业四级考试真题语法部分 主谓一致
Exercise for Subject-verb Concord 1. Which of the following sentences is incorrect? A. His sister rather than his parents is at home now. B. Every boy and every girl are excited to hear the news. C. His thanks were really sincere. D. Either Jack or John knows the truth. 2. Which of the following sentences is incorrect? A. Poultry are very expensive in the city. B. New machinery were introduced in the factory. C. The police are investigating the murder case. D. The militia were called out to rescue flood victims. 3. Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? A. Politics are the art or science of government. B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged. 4. Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? A. Physics is an important school subject. B. The United States borders Canada. C. The Niagara Falls is in North America. D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. 5. Which of the following sentences is incorrect? A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting. B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register. C. Either my sister or my brother is coming. D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me. 6. Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? A. John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. B. Either Tina or Carol are sure to know the answer. C. Three pints is not enough to get him drunk. D. Forty-five percent of the doctors were woman. 7. Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? A. This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars. B. Either my grandsons or their father is coming. C. The British police has only very limited powers. D. A committee of twelve men is to discuss the matter. 8. All President’s Men one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal. A.remains B. remained C. remain D. remaining 9. Two years a long time for a patient who has to lie in bed, and do nothing. A. are B. is C. were D. was Answers: 1-5 b b a c d 6-9 b c a b
集合名词的主谓一致
集合名词的主谓一致 篇一：集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 1. 通常用作复数的集合名词 police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数： The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。 People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。 Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。 注goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式： Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。 All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。 3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词 family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义：Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。 Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。 The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。 It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。 注有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以： The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。 The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解
高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解 本文主要讲解主谓一致，并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致 等常见考点。 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
英语语法 名词做主语时的主谓一致原则
名词做主语时的主谓一致原则 一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数. Smoking is not a good habit. To live happily needs a lot of things. What I said is true. 二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词. The singer and songwriter is dead. The science and technology plays an important part in China. Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients. “War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read. 如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词. Every boy and girl in the class works very hard. Each minute and second is valuable to us.
三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Jack with his family wants to go to China. He, as well as you, is very honest. No one but I is a student. Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. 四、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数. Each of you is cleverer than me. Neither student has passed the exam. Is anybody here? 五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候, 永远用复数动词. Several friends were invited to the party.
1.名词和主谓一致
名词和主谓一致 （一）名词的数 名词分为不可数名词和可数名词两大类 1．不可数名词 不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括专有名词，物质名词和抽象名词，例如：health，advice，glass，wood，English，America。 （2）表示学科名称的以-es结尾的名词常用作单数，例如：mathematics，physics。 （3）某些以-s结尾指单一事物的专有名词常用作单数，例如：the United States，the United Nations 2．可数名词 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单，复数形式，复数名词构成方法如下：（1）一般情况在名词后加-s，在清辅音（s，∫，t∫除外）后读[s]，在浊辅音后读[z]，在s，z，∫，t∫等辅音后读[iz]，例如：desks，days，classes。 （2）以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加es，读作[iz]，例如： bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes 但是stomach-stomachs （3）以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后加-es，读作[z]，例如：hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes 但不少以-o结尾的外来词，变复数时只加-s，如：radio—radios，photo—photos，piano —pianos 有些以-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式，如：zero—zeros（zeroes），volcano—volcanos （volcanoes）火山 所以-oo结尾的名词只加-s，如： Bamboo-bamboos，zoo-zoos （4）“辅音+y”结尾的名词，把y改成i再加-es，读作[iz]，例如： Factory-factories，country-countries （5）以“元音+y”结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，直接在词尾加-es，读作[z]，例如： Boys，toys，Henrys等。 （6）以-f结尾的名词，一般把“f”或“fe”改成“v”再加-es，读作[vz]，例如： Leaf—leaves，life—lives 但是，roof—roofs，chief—chiefs，gulf—gulfs，serf—serfs等例外 （8）不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其他形式，例如： Foot—feet，child—children，mouse—mice] ②单，复数形式相同，例如： A sheep—two sheep，a deer—four deer 此外还有means，fish，works，以及由汉语音译表示度量衡，币制等单位的名词，yuan （圆），jiao（角），fen（分），jin（斤）等 ③只有复数形式，例如： Trousers glasses compasses thanks clothes remains ashes contents goods ④表示“某国人”名词的单，复数形式因习惯不同而各异，例如： A Chinese-two Chinese a Japanese-two Japanese 这类词包括所有以-ese或-ss结尾的民族名称，如Swiss，Portuguese等