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新视野综合训练3第二版阅读原文翻译

新视野综合训练3第二版阅读原文翻译
新视野综合训练3第二版阅读原文翻译

Unit1

Passage1

Valentine’s Day probably has its origin in the ancient Roman celebration called Lupercalia(牧神节) . It was celebrated on February 15. In the Rom an calendar February was in the spring. The celebration honored the go ds Lupercus and Faunus as well as the twin brothers Romulus and Rem us, the legendary founders of Rome. As part of the ceremony the priest s paired up young man and women. The girls names were placed in a box and each boy drew a girl’s name. The couple was paired then until the next Lupercalia.

In 260AD the emperor Claudius II, called Claudius the Cruel, decid ed that young soldiers would only be distracted by marriage and so orde red that young men may not marry. Valentinus( Valentine), a Christian pr iest, defied the emperor and got married in secret. He was caught exec uted(处死),on February 14, the eve of Lupercalia. His name became as sociated with young love forever after. In 496, Pope Gelasius set aside February 14 to honor him as Saint Valentine and it has been St. Valenti ne’s Day ever since.

In the Middle Ages, some of the customs of the Lupercalia still per sisted in spite of the attempts of the Church to put an end to these non -Christian customs and Christianize the holiday. Both men and women dr ew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They woul d wear the names on their sleeves for a week. Today we still sometime s “wear our hearts on our sleeves” when we cannot conceal our feelings.

In the 1600s, it became common to give flowers, particularly the r ose, as a sign of lov e as the “language of flowers”. This came to Europ e from Turkey. The color and placement of rose held a special significan ce--- a red rose, for example, meant beauty. Flowers have been part of Valentine’s Day ever since.

情人节可能起源于古罗马的牧神节庆祝活动被称为(牧神节)。它是在二月十五日庆祝。在罗马历二月是春天。庆祝尊重神卢帕克斯和福纳斯以及孪生兄弟罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯,罗马的传奇缔造者。作为仪式的祭司配对,年轻人和妇女的一部分。女孩的名字被放置在一个盒子里,每个男孩都画上了一个女孩的名字。这对夫妇配对之后直到下一节。

在260ad皇帝克劳狄二世,叫做克劳狄斯残酷的年轻士兵,决定只会被婚姻等命令,年轻人不结婚。瓦伦廷(情人节),一个基督教牧师,违抗皇帝秘密结婚了。他被处决(处死),二月十四日,牧神节的前夕。他的名字就成了年轻的爱

永远在相关。在496,教皇格拉西把二月十四日定为情人节纪念他和有情人节以来。

在中世纪,一些的牧神节海关仍坚持在教堂的把这些非基督徒和基督教节日习俗尽管尝试。男女从碗中抽取名字来看看谁会是他们的情人。他们会穿的名字写在袖子上一个星期。今天我们仍然有时“穿我们的心在袖子”当我们无法掩饰自己的感情。

在17世纪,它给花变得普遍,特别是玫瑰,是爱的标志为“花语”。这是从土耳其到欧洲。颜色和位置的玫瑰举行了一个特殊的意义——一朵红玫瑰,例如,意味着美。花已情人节的一部分,自从。

Passage2

Having raised eight children of my own, I know the dilemma parents fac e. In a world increasingly hostile to children, we want to show we care by acting on our loving impulse, which usually means spending. But whe n our kids came home asking for the latest designer wear, my wife and I knew we had to say “no”more often than not. Of course, deciding to have no TV in the house was the first real breakthrough; I doubt we would have won this battle without freeing ourselves from its influence. As a child, I grew up in what I now see was poverty. For the first few years of my life, I ate only the smallest amount. Yet, I would find it har d to imagine a happier childhood. Why? Because my parents gave us c hildren time and attention on a daily basis. For instance, no matter how busy they were, they tried to eat breakfast with us before we went off t o school each morning.

No child should have to live in poverty. But I firmly believe that the hap piness of a child does not depend on his or her access to material weal th. After all, it is the love we give our children, and not the things, that will remain with them for life.

Having worked thirty years as a family counselor, I know that parents re ally do love their children, and want to do what is best for them. But wh at does it mean to give a child love? Next time, you feel that you have failed your kids, and are tempted to relieve those feelings by bringing ho me gifts, remember that we can’t buy our children’s affection. All they really want, and need, is time and attentiveness, a listening ear and an encouraging word. These are things every parent can provide.

在抚养了八个自己的孩子之后,我明白了父母要面对的尴尬境地.在一个逐渐对孩子充满敌意的世界里,我们想要通过爱的冲动来对孩子表达我们的关心,通常就意味着要花钱.但是当我们的孩子回家找我们要最新设计的衣服时,我跟

我的妻子知道我们大多数情况下要说“不”.当然,我们决定家里不买电视是第一个突破.如果我们没能从它的影响中释放出我们自己的感受,我很怀疑我们到底赢了还是输了这场斗争.

当我还是孩子的时候,我是在一个现在看来很穷的家里长大的.在我人生的最初几年,我只能吃最少量的食物.然而,我发现我想象不出一个更幸福的童年.为什么?因为我的父母每天都给予了我们时间和关系.比如,不管他们多忙,他们都尽量在每天早上我们上学前跟我们一起吃早餐.

没有一个小孩要在贫穷中渡过.但是我坚信一个孩子的幸福肯定不取决于他(她)所拥有的物质财富.毕竟,是我们给予孩子的爱而不是物质会伴随他们的一生. 当了30年的家庭顾问后,我知道父母肯定是爱他们的孩子的,而且都想对他们的孩子最好.但是要给予孩子爱意味着什么?下次,当你觉得你让孩子失望了,然后试图想通过带点礼物给孩子就消除他们的情绪的话,请记住我们买不到孩子的感情.他们真正想要和需要的是时间和关注,乐于倾听的耳朵和鼓励的话语.这些是任何一位父母都能给予的.

3

In the 1990s.everyone believed that education was the key to economic Success.A college

degree.even a post.graduate degree,was essential for everyone who wanted a good job as 0ne of

those“symbolic analyst”.

在二十世纪九十年代,每个人都相信教育是经济成功的关键。大学学历,甚至是一个在职的研究生学位,对每个想获得好工作诸如“符号分析师“人也是必须的。

But computers are proficient at analyzing symbols;it is the messiness of the real world thal

thev haye trouble with.Therefore,many of the jobs that once required a college degree have

been eliminated.The others can be done by any intelligent person,whether or not he has studied

literature.

计算机精通分析符号,但是他所存在问题,在真实世界是混乱的。因此,许多以前需要大学学历的工作现在已经取消了。其他的工作能够通过许多聪明的人来完成,无论他是不是学习过文学。

This trend should have been obvious in 1 996.Even then,American’s richest man was BⅢ

Bates.a cOllege drop.out who did not need a lot of formal education to build the world’s most

powerful information technology company.

这种趋势自1996年后变得很明显。甚至是美国最富有的人比尔盖茨。一个大学退学生,他不需要许多正常的教育来构建强有力的信息技术公司。

Or consider the panic over“downsizing”that gripped America in 1 996.An economists

auicklv pointed out the rate at which Americans were losing jobs in the 90s was not especially

high bv historical standards.Downsizing suddenly became news because,for the first time,

white-coilar.college—educated workers were being fired in large numbers,even while skilled

mechanists and other blue—collar workers were in demand.This should have signaled that the

days of the ever.rising wage premiums for people with higher education were over.

或者,(咱们)考虑下1996年笼罩在美国的“裁员”恐巨慌。一个经济学家很快指出90年代在美国失业率与标准相比并不特别高。裁员突然成为新闻,因为第一次的,大批受过大学教育的白领工作被解雇,即使同时需求熟练的机械师和其他蓝领工人。这应该标志着以前对受过较高教育的人给予较高的工资奖金的时代结束了。

Eventualty,the eroding payoff of higher education created a crisis in education itself.Why

should a student put himself through four years of college a d several years of postgraduate work

to acauire academic credentials with little monetary value?These days,jobs that require only 6

or 12 months of vocational training-child-nursing,carpentry,household maintenance and so

on--pay nearly as much as if not more than a job that requires a master's degree,and pay more

than one requiring a Ph.D..

最终,削弱高等教育的所获收入回报在教育本身也引起了危机。为什么一个上了四年大学和几年研究生的学生获得较高的学术资历但工作时获得较少的金钱价值?现在的时代,需要6-12个月的假期儿童看护工作,木工,家务保洁工等等,工资支付的几乎一样多,好象这些没有一个需要硕士学位的工作,需要博士学位的工作工资高一些。

So enrOllment in colleges and universities has dropped almost two

thirds,since its peak at

the turn of this century.Today a place like Harvard is,a it was in the 1 9th century,more of a

social institution than a scholarly one——a place for children of the wealthy to refine their social graces and befriend others of their class.因此高校入学率下降了约三分之二,而在本世纪初是入学的高峰。今天当哈佛这样的地方,在19世纪是一个社会性多于学者性的学院,是一个让有钱的孩子们变得在社会上优雅并能友好的对待他们同阶层的人的地方。

如今,只需要6或12个月职业培训的工作—孩子护理、木匠、家庭维修等—与要求有研究生学位的工作相比,其报酬如果不是更高的话,几乎是一样多的;它的工资比要求有博士学位的工作还要高。

4

We received your letter dated 2nd July, expressing your dissatisfaction w ith the present level of your sales in Nigeria. We shall try to explain as briefly as possible how it is that your competitors are doing so well so t hat you may see why it is that we are not. We shall also suggest ways of improving the present situation. Our difficulties may be summarized a s follows :

Our competitors pay for extensive advertising in newspapers and ma gazines that reach every corner of Nigeria. We receive no financial help for advertising and do not receive sufficient commission to pay for it our selves.

The company referred to in your letter sent a two-man team on a to ur of six provinces in a specially equipped lorry containing the models th ey wished to publicize. Their agent had arranged displays in the towns t hey were due to visit and had announced them in the local press. With such backing from the manufacturer ,high sales are inevitable !

What sells well in Europe does not necessarily sell well elsewhere. Your competitors know this and plan accordingly. They give maximum pu blicity to three or four models that are sure to sell well here. We would suggest that you do the same and concentrate on the 98cc Speedy, the 250cc Hunter and the 350cc Hawk.

In spite of the excellent containership service between England and Wes t Africa we are still having to wait for too long for orders to be shipped. Once they have placed an order, customers are impatient to receive it.

Our present commission of 10/00 does not allow us to undertake sales t ours in other regions. Nigeria covers an area of over 350 , 000 square miles and our present commission will not stand the expense of such tri ps.

我们收到了七月第二日来函收悉,表达你的不满,你在尼日利亚的销售目前的水平。我们要尽量简短地解释它是如何使你的竞争对手做得这么好,所以你可以看到为什么它是我们不。我们也建议改善现状的方法。我们的困难可以概括如下:我们的竞争对手支付大量的广告,报纸和杂志,到达尼日利亚的每个角落。我们没有收到财政帮助广告并没有收到足够的佣金支付它自己。

公司在你信中提到的发送一二人团队游览六个省区的特殊装备的卡车包含模型,他们希望宣传。他们的代理设置了显示在城镇,他们由于访问他们在当地报纸上宣布。从制造商这样的支持,高销售是不可避免的!

什么在欧洲销售得很好并不一定卖的好地方。你的竞争者知道这个计划。他们大张旗鼓地宣传三或四的模型,确保销售好。我们建议你做同样的事,集中精力98cc迅速,250cc猎人和350cc鹰。

在优秀的集装箱服务英国和西非之间,我们仍在等待订单发运尽管太长。一旦他们的订单,客户是没有耐心的去接受它。我们目前的10 / 00的佣金,不允许我们在其它地区进行销售旅游。尼日利亚占地面积超过350,000平方英里,我们目前的委员会将不起这样的旅行费用。

Unit3

Passage1

Fifteen-year-old freshman Charles "Andy" Williams, who is being held in the shooting in California that left two students dead and 13 wounded, was reportedly the butt of jokes, a weekend drinker and one who hung out at a local skate park with kids who did drugs. Had he and his peers received meaningful instruction in "character formation", there's a good chance their sense of respect for themselves and others would have held back the ridiculing and created a better atmosphere.

Many youngsters have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension to their actions. Consequently, schools stress academic achievement but don't always identify and reinforce the habits that students need to become virtuous.

But there's hope. More and more schools, from the rich suburbs to the inner cities, are realizing that good test scores aren't enough if students are not? t taught to be responsible members of society.

I wove character education into my lessons as a third-grade teacher at Disney Elementary in Burbank, California. We had a "virtue of the month", and each day after lunch, my class read a story demonstrating that virtue. The lessons produced

academic benefits, too. After reading Aesop's The Tortoise and the Hare, one student who was having trouble learning multiplication raised his hand and said "Learning the times tables is really hard, but I know I need to persevere."

High expectations for good behavior also have helped students academically at Cleveland elementary, the washington school that holds the weekly classes. last year, it scored in the 70th percentile in reading on the Stanford-9, a national achievement test, and in the 86th percentile in math-well above the average for many prosperous suburbs.

We can't afford to lose any more children to actions that spring from moral ignorance. Parents and schools must provide children with a strong academic foundation, but they need to teach them common values as well. Virtue is a lesson that ladies and gentlemen in all schools can--and must-learn now.

十五岁的大一新生查尔斯“安迪”威廉姆斯,谁是目前在加利福尼亚拍摄,留下两名学生死亡、13人受伤,据报道是笑话,一个周末的酒徒和一个挂在一个孩子做药物当地的滑板公园。他和他的同伴们在“性格形成”收到的指导意义,有很好的机会,他们对自己和他人的尊重感会阻碍的嘲笑和创造更好的氛围。

许多年轻人都很难看到他们的行为有什么道德的维度。因此,学校强调学业成绩,但不一定

要经常发现和加强学生的习惯,学生需要成为美德。

但希望。越来越多的学校,从富裕的郊区到城市的内部,都意识到,如果学生不在,好的考试成绩是不够的?教给社会负责的成员。

我把品格教育进入我的课三分之一年级的老师在迪斯尼

小学在伯班克,加利福尼亚。我们有一个“美德”,每一天午餐后,我的课堂上读了一个故事,表明美德。这些课程也产生了学术上的好处。读伊索寓言中的乌龟和兔子,一个学生很难学习乘法举起手说:“学习乘法表是真的很难,但是我知道我必须坚持下去。”

对良好行为的高期望在克利夫兰小学、华盛顿的学校、每周一班的学生中也有帮助。去年,它取得了第七十位数的stanford-9阅读,一个国家的成绩测试,并在第八十六位数数学高于平均很多繁荣的郊区。

我们不能失去任何更多的孩子来行动,从道德的无知春天。家长和学校必须为孩子们提供一个强大的学术基础,但他们需要教他们共同的价值观。美德是一个教训,女士们,先生们,在所有学校可以-和必须学习。

2

Most Americans will tell you that character education in schools is a good idea. According to pollsters ,90% of us want schools to teach core moral values. But what should “character education” look like? And more important, does it work? 大多数美国人会告诉你,品格教育在学校是一个好主意。根据民意调查,90%的美国希望学校教核心道德价值观。但是应该“品格教育”看起来像什么?更重要的是,它是否工作

Take a look at Traut Core Knowledge School in Fort Collins, Colo. Traut Core is a public school with a waiting list of 500 students. A strong focus on 12 core values throughout the school culture has contributed to high academic achievement a Traut Core. The school now ranks first in reading and in the top five in math out of the 26 schools in the district.

看看Traut核心知识学校位于柯林斯堡的科罗拉多州。Traut核心是一个公共学校500名学生的等待名单。强烈关注12核心价值观在整个学校文化已经导致了高学术成就一个Traut核心。学校现在排名第一的阅读和数学在前五名的26所学校在区。

Private schools are also on the list. The Montrose School in Natick, Mass. Has daily homerooms that focus on character discussions and leadership, and the school provides many opportunities for service to others. At Montrose, moral development is inseparable from academic achievement. 私立学校也在名单之列。在纳蒂克的蒙特罗斯学校,质量。有日常指导教室,专注于角色的讨论和领导,学校提供了许多机会,为他人服务。在蒙特罗斯、道德发展密不可分的学术成就。

Wake County Public Schools in North Carolina is a case study in how to get comprehensive character education programs going in every school. Beginning in1992, the district appointed a task force with broad representation from the community. Public meetings were held, surveys sent out, and other efforts made to ensure that character education in the schools would be built on the shared moral values of the citizens in this large and diverse district. Wake郡公立学校在北卡罗莱纳是一个案例研究如何得到综合素质教育项目会在每一个学校。开始in1992、地区指定一个专责小组和来自社区的广泛代表性。公众集会,调查发出,和其他努力确保品格教育的学校将是建立在共享的道德价值观的公民在这个庞大而多样化的地区

Today, character education is part of the mission of every Wake County school. The district provides in-service training and resources for teachers, encourages parental involvement and evaluates the results. 今天,品格教育的任务之一是每Wake郡的学校。该地区提供在职培训和资源为教师,鼓励父母参与和评估结果。

Higher academic achievement, lower drop-out (辍学)rates, fewer discipline problems, a more positive and caring school environment—who doesn’t want schools like these? And who wouldn’t like to see students who are more caring, respectful, honest and responsible? 较高的学术成就,降低退学(辍学)利率,更少的纪律问题,一个更积极的和有爱心的学校环境谁不希望学校像这些吗?和谁不喜欢看到学生更多的关怀、尊重、诚实和负责任的

Passage3

A study issued by the University of Washington shows that a lack of academic achievement is closely linked to substance abuse, violence and illegal behavior in the students? social environment. According to the study, groups of middle and high school students with even moderate involvement with substance abuse, violence and illegal behavior have dramatically lower academic achievement than groups of students with little or no involvement in these behaviors. Factors such as poverty, community risk, absence of social skills, and a lack of commitment to school also contribute to lower academic performance among groups of students. 签发的一项研

究表明,华盛顿大学的缺乏学术成就息息相关,物质滥用、暴力和非法行为在学生的社会环境。根据这项研究,组初中和高中学生甚至适度参与物质滥用、暴力和非法行为有显著降低学术成就比组学生很少或根本没有参与这些行为。因素如贫困、社会风险,缺乏社会技能,以及缺乏承诺学校也有助于降低学生的学业成绩组间

The researcher said, “If we expect most students to achieve our state?s learning goals, we need prevention programs that target the social environment and that are extensive enough to reach all students in all schools. Our efforts should engage schools, parents and the community and focus on factors outside the classroom.” Dr. Sheri L. Hill, assistant director of the UW?s Washington Kids Court project, also said, “Intervention needs to start when students begin their first day of school and continue thro ugh high school.”研究人员说,“如果我们期望大多数学生实现我们的国家的学习目标,我们需要预防计划,目标的社会环境,是广泛足以达到所有的学生在所有的学校。我们的努力应该参与学校、家长和社区和教室外因素的关注。“施瑞·l·希尔博士,华盛顿大学的助理主任华盛顿法院项目,还说孩子,”干预需要开始当学生开始他们的第一天上学和持续到高中。

The 2000 Washington State Survey of Adolescent Healthy Behaviors found that 20 to 40 percent of middle and high school students are involved with substance abuse, violence and illegal behavior. This means a significant proportion of children at age 10 and older are exposed to risky attitudes and behaviors in their everyday social environments. 2000年的华盛顿国家青少年健康行为的调查发现,40%至的初中和高中学生参与物质滥用、暴力和非法行为。这意味着很大比例的孩子在10岁及以上暴露于风险态度和行为在他们日常的社会环境

“We have to approach student learning from the perspective of the whole child,” said Terry Bergeson, state superintendent of public instruction. “We?ve known about th e individual effects poverty, substance abuse and violence can have on young people. Today?s study takes that knowledge one step further by demonstrating their collective effect on the entire school community,” she added, “The way to influence student success includes strong schools, parental involvement and community participation. It must be a shared responsibility.” 我们已经接近学生学习的角度,从整个孩子,”特里说,州学校督学Bergeson公共指令。“我们知道个人影响贫困、物质滥用和暴力可以对年轻人。今天的研究需要,知识更进一步通过展示他们的集体影响整个学校社区,”她补充道,“来影响学生成功包括强大的学校,家长参与和社区的参与。它必须是一个共同的责任

4

When I was four, my parents signed me up to take Saturday-morning enrichment classes at Northwestern University. Sometimes I was frustrated, because I felt my parents were making me do something that cut into my time with my friends. I was taking advanced subjects, but I was still just a kid. I felt bad when I said no to Friday-night sleepovers because I had to wake up at 7:30 the next morning. But I also remember coming home in eighth grade and feeling so happy about my philosophy class. That's when I realized how much I'd gained from the investment they'd made in

my future.

When I was younger, I took piano, dance and violin. I also played soccer, basketball and tennis. And I had the Saturday classes at Northwestern. Now, at 17, I still have a very full week, which includes being president of the Model UN at my school and tutoring special-needs children.

My parents' involvement made all this possible for me. I especially remember the driving. Until I got my license, my mother was always driving me everywhere. She became even busier as my brother and sister grew older.

Now, I believe it's important for parents to support and to take an interest in their children. The world is a lot more competitive than it was when my parents were my age. To get into college, you need more than good grades and high scores. You need a deep involvement in extra courses that will set you apart.

My activities have helped me focus on my personal goals. Because I was able to study so many areas of interest starting at a very young age, I have learned to push myself to do new things. In 1999 I participated in a student exchange program in Northern Ireland. I have also taken summer courses in international relations and sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. Without my parents' support and encouragement, these would be impossible.

当我四岁的时候,我的父母和我签署了星期六早上在西北大学进行的浓缩课程。有时我感到沮丧,因为我觉得我的父母让我做的事情,我的时间与我的朋友。我在接受高级课程,但我还是个孩子。当我说没有星期五晚上过夜因为我不得不醒来,次日清晨7:30我感觉不好。但我还记得第八年级回家,感觉很开心我的哲学课。这是当我意识到,我可以从他们的投资中获得了多少,他们在我的未来。

当我年轻的时候,我弹钢琴、跳舞和小提琴。我也踢足球,篮球和网球。我在西北的星期六上课。现在,在17,我仍然有一个非常充分的一周,其中包括在我的学校和辅导特殊需要儿童的模式。

我父母的参与使我有了所有的可能。我特别记得驾驶。在我拿到执照之前,我的母亲总是把我带到各处。她变得更忙碌,为我和弟弟妹妹长大。

现在,我认为父母对孩子的支持和对孩子的兴趣很重要。当我的父母是我的年龄时,这个世界比我更具竞争性。要上大学,你需要比好的成绩和高分。你需要一个额外的课程,将设置你分开的深度参与。

我的活动帮助我集中精力在我的个人目标上。因为我能够在一个非常年轻的年龄开始学习这么多的兴趣领域,我学会了自己去做新的事情。在1999我参加了一个学生交流计划在北爱尔兰。我也参加了国际关系和社会学在宾夕法尼亚大学的暑期课程。没有父母的支持和鼓励,这些都是不可能的。

Unit4

Passage1

Big Ben is one of London's best-known landmarks(标志性建筑), and looks most spectacular(壮观的)at night when the clock faces are ill uminated(被照亮). You even know when parliament is in session, beca -use a light shines above the clock face.

● The four dials of the clock are 23 feet square, the minute hand is 14 feet long and the figures are 2 feet high. Minutely regulated with a stack of(一堆)coins placed on the huge pendulum(钟摆), Big Ben is an excellent timekeeper, which has rarely stopped.

● The name Big Ben actuall y refers not to the clock-tower itself, but to the thirteen ton bell hung within. The bell was named after the first commissioner of works, Sir Benjamin Hall.

● This bell came originally from the old Palace of Westminster, it was given to the Dean of St. Paul's by William III. The BBC first broadcast the chimes on the 31st December 1923 - there is a microphone in the turret connected to Broadcasting House.

● During the second world war in 1941, an incendiary bomb(燃烧弹)destroyed the Commons chamber of the Houses of Parliament, but the clock tower remained intact(完好的)and Big Ben continued to keep time and strike away the hours, its unique sound was broadcast to the nation and around the world, a welcome reassurance of hope to all who heard it.

The tower is not open to the general public, but those with a "special interest" may arrange a visit to the top of the Clock Tower through a guide.

大本钟是伦敦最著名的地标建筑(标志性建筑),看起来最壮观的(壮观的)夜晚当钟面照(被照亮)。你甚至可以知道议会正在开会,因为光照钟面上面。

●时钟的四拨为23平方英尺,分针有14英尺长,2英尺高的数字。一堆微小的调整(一堆)放在巨大的钟摆硬币(钟摆),大本钟是一个很好的计时器,它很少停下来。

●大本钟的名字实际上指的不是钟塔本身,而是十三吨的钟楼内。贝尔是第一任局长的名字命名的,本杰明霍尔爵士。

●这钟声来自威斯敏斯特的旧宫,它给了威廉三BBC播出第一编钟上1923年12月31日的圣保罗的院长在炮塔连接到广播室的麦克风。

1941第二次世界大战期间●,燃烧弹(燃烧弹)摧毁了国会大厦的下议院,但钟塔仍然完好(完好的)和大本钟继续罢工时间和离开的时间,其独特的声音传播到全国各地和世界各地,欢迎,希望所有的人听到它。

塔不向公众开放,但有“特殊利益”的人可以通过一个指南,安排参观钟塔的顶部。

Passage2

one day walt disney had a vision. it was a vision of a place where children and parents could have fun together. the more walt dreamed of a "magical park," the more imaginative and elaborate it became.

the original plans for the park were on 8 acres next to the burbank studios where his employees and families could go to relax. although, world war ii put those plans on hold. during the war, disney had time to come up with new ideas, and creations for his magical park. it was soon clear that 8 acres wouldn''t be enough.

finally in 1953, he had the stanford research institute conduct a survey for a 100-acre site, outside of los angeles. he needed space to build rivers, waterfalls, and mountains; he would have flying elephants and giant teacups; a fairy-tale castle, moon rockets, and a scenic railway; all inside a magic kingdom he called "disneyland."

Location was a top priority. The property would have to be within the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and accessible by freeway. It would also have to be affordable: Walt's pockets were only so deep

the search for the best venue for the park ended in the rural anaheim, california with a purchase of a 160-acre orange grove near the junction of the santa ana freeway (i-5) and harbor boulevard.

Walt had planned out all the lands, to every detail. Main Street, U.S.A., the very front of the park, was where Walt wanted to relive the typical turn of the century city Main Street.

Walt also had planned for an “exotic(异国情调的)tropical place” in a “fa r-off region of the world” called “Adventureland”.

“Frontierland” was made to relive the pioneer days of the American frontier.

“Fantasyland” was created with the goal to “make dreams come true” from the lyrics(抒情诗)of “When You Upon a Star”.

“Tomorrowland”was created as a look at the “marvels(奇迹)of the furure”.

有一天,沃尔特迪斯尼有一个愿景。这是一个视觉的地方,孩子和父母可以有乐趣在一起。更多的沃尔特梦想的“神奇的公园”,更丰富的想象力和详细说明。该公园原计划在8英亩旁边他的雇员和伯班克工作室的家庭可以去放松一下。虽然,第二次世界大战把这些计划搁置。在战争期间,迪斯尼有时间想出新的想法,并为他的神奇公园的创作。很快就清楚了,8英亩的土地是不够的。

最后,在1953,他曾在斯坦福大学的研究所进行了一项调查,一个100英亩的网站,外部的洛矶。他所需要的空间来建立河流、瀑布、高山;他会飞的大象和巨型茶杯;一个童话般的城堡,月球火箭,和一个风景优美的铁路;所有在魔法王国被他称为“迪斯尼乐园”。

位置是头等大事。该物业将不得不在洛杉矶市区,并通过高速公路访问。这也必须是负担得起的:沃尔特的口袋里只有这么深

为公园结束了在农村的阿纳海姆的最佳场所搜索,加利福尼亚购买160亩橙园附近圣安娜高速公路路口(I-5)和港湾大道。

沃尔特计划了所有的土地,每一个细节。大街上,美国公园的正前方,是沃尔特想重温世纪城市主要街道的典型化。

沃尔特也曾计划为“异国情调(异国情调的)热带的地方”在一个“遥远的区域的世界”称为“探险”。

“边疆”是为了重温美国的边疆拓荒的日子。

“幻想世界”被创造的目标是“让梦想成真”的歌词(抒情诗)“当你在一个明星”。

“明日世界”是建立在“奇迹一看(奇迹)的未来”。

3

John Cotter was the first to see the geysers ( I 司歇泉) and boiling mud holes during the winter of 1807-1808 of what is now known as Yellowstone paFk, nicknamed Cotter's Hell because no one back in St. Louis would believe him. Jim Bridger, a mountain man, was 79 another explorer of the region and still people thought he was lying about Yellowstone Park.

It wasn't until Thomas Moran painted Yellowstone park and william Jackson photographed Yellowstone park in 1871 along with a team of surveyors that the country realized the national treasure, which existed.

An act of Congress, which was signed by president Grant on March 1, 1812, made Yellowstone

Park the first national park set aside solely for the pleasuring ground and the enjoyment of the people. Located in the northwest section of wyoming territory and with a smaller section in Montana territory, Yellowstone park included some 2, 142, 720 acres of land.The first Yellowstone park superintendent was Nathaniel pitt Langford. From 1886 to 1916 Yellowstone Park was under military control with the first commanding officer being Captain Moses Harris of Troop M, First United States Cavalry ( 骑兵).

In 1884 a stage line was created which ran from the Northern pacific terminal in Cinnabar, Montana to and through Yellowstone park. By 1886, the park had a fleet of sightseeing vehicles, the most popular being the Yellowstone Coaches, which were painted bright yellow and made by Abbot-Downing Company of Concord New Hampshire.

In 1917, the Yellowstone Park transportation became motorized and the Yellowstone coaches were abandoned.

To this day, Yellowstone Park has remained a prized possession to the American public and people come from around the world to marvel at the geysers and boiling mud holes.

约翰考特是看到间歇泉的第一(我司歇泉)和沸腾的泥浆孔1807年至1808年也就是现在的黄石pafk冬季,绰号“扁的地狱因为没有人会相信他在圣路易斯。吉姆,一个山里人,79另一个探险家的地区仍然有人认为他是在撒谎了黄石公园。

直到托马斯莫兰画黄石公园和威廉杰克逊拍摄黄石公园1871随一队测量,实现了国家的国宝,它的存在。

美国国会的一项法案,这是总统于1812年3月1日签署,由第一个国家公园黄石公园预留用于愉悦地享受的人。位于怀俄明境内的西北部,在蒙大纳境内的一小部分,黄石公园包括2,142,720英亩的土地。第一黄石公园校长是纳撒尼尔皮特Langford。从1886到1916的黄石公园下军事控制与第一指挥官被队长摩西哈里斯部队,美国第一骑兵(骑兵)。

在1884个阶段行创建从北太平洋终端在朱砂、蒙大纳和黄石公园。1886,公园有一个舰队的观光车,最流行的是黄石教练,被涂上鲜艳的黄色和Abbot Downing公司新罕布什尔州康科德的了。

在1917,黄石公园的交通成为摩托化和黄石教练被遗弃。

这一天,黄石公园仍然是一个珍贵的财产向美国公众和人民来自全世界惊叹的间歇泉和沸腾的泥浆孔。

4

At sixteen Ron Mackie might have stayed at school, but the future called to him excitedly. Get out the classroom into a job.” it said, and Ron obeyed .His father ,supporting the decision, found a place for him in a supermarket. “You are lucky, Ron”, he said. “For every boy with a job these days, there?s a dozen without.” So Ron joined the working world at twenty pounds a week.For a year he spent his days filling shelves with tins of food. By the end of that time he was looking back on his schooldays as a time of treat variety and satisfaction. He searched for an interest in his work, with little success.One fine day instead of going to work Ron got a lift on a lorry going south. With nine pounds in his pocket, a full heart and a great longing for the sea, he set out to make a better way for himself. That evening, in Bournemouth, he had sandwich and a drink in a café run by an eldly man and his wife. Before he had finished the sandwich, the woman had taken him on for the rest of the summer, at

twenty pounds a week, a room upstairs and three meals a day. The ease and speed of it rather took Ron?s breath away. At quiet times Ron had to check the old man?s arithmetic in the records of the business.At the end of the season, he stayed on the coast. He was again surprised how straightforward it was for a baby of seventeen to make a living. He worked in shops mostly, but once he took a job in hotel for three weeks. Late in October he was taken on by the sick manager of a shoe shop. Ron soon found himself in charge there; he was the only one who could keep the books.

十六罗恩麦基可能呆在学校,但未来叫他兴奋地。“把教室弄进一个工作,”他说,“朗服从了,他的父亲,支持这一决定,在一家超市里找到了一个地方。“你是幸运的,”他说。“每个孩子这些天的工作,有一个打不。”罗恩加入了工薪每周二十英镑。一年他一直与食品罐灌装货架。在时间结束时,他回顾自己的学生时代作为一个品种和满意的治疗时间。他在工作中寻找了兴趣,几乎没有成功,一个好日子,而不是去上班,他在一辆卡车上搭了一辆车。他口袋里有九英镑,一颗充满了心的心,一个巨大的大海,他为自己设定了一个更好的方法。那天晚上,他在伯恩茅斯,有三明治和一杯饮料在一个咖啡馆é由老年人和他的妻子。之前,他已经完成了三明治,该女子已采取了他对其他的夏天,在二十磅一个星期,一个房间,楼上和三日三餐。它的安逸和速度,而不是带着朗的气息。在宁静的时间里,他不得不去看老人的算术记录,在赛季末,他留在海岸上。他又一次感到惊讶,这是一个十七个孩子的生活是多么的简单。他在商店工作主要是,但他一次在旅馆工作三周。他在十月被一家制鞋店的经理带着。朗很快发现自己在那里,他是唯一一个能把书保存的人。

Unit5

1

When faced with death, we all react in different ways. Most people hope for a "good death", however they may define it. There are many books which are available to help you approach death mindfully and plan for end-of-life care in a systematic way. If you are faced with making decisions about end-of-life care for yourself or someone you love, a good place to start is with the Handbook for Mortals (凡人), a caring and authoritative guide written by a team of experts in the field.

It's important for a person to express preferences about health care at the end of life. This can be done through the use of formal legal documents which grant a power of attorney(律师) for health care to someone you trust to make decisions for you should you become unable to do so yourself. These directives , which may be called living wills, must be tailored to your specific situation and location, as laws vary around the world. These directives may cover any issue you consider important. A very common concern centers around tube feeding and related issues including difficult decisions about withdrawing life-sustaining (生命维持) treatment.

A very important decision is whether or not you wish to choose home or hospice care (临终关怀) as an alternative to a hospital setting. Whether at home or in a hospital, it's important to demand top-quality palliative (缓解病痛) care. You can inform yourself about specific diseases by researching health care texts.

Many faith traditions place emphasis on the importance of conscious preparation for death as a

way of showing respect for and acceptance of life's final adventure. Death is not the opposite of life----- it is the opposite of birth.

The decision to end one's life when death is approaching anyway is sometimes called physician-assisted suicide (PAS), or voluntary euthanasia (安乐死); this is a special case of the more general topic of suicide. "The right to die" is the subject of controversial legal battles on an international scale.

当面对死亡时,我们都会以不同的方式做出反应。大多数人希望“好死”,但他们可以定义它。有很多书都可以帮助你接近死亡的以系统的方式对临终关怀的用心和计划。如果你面临决策,为自己或你爱的人的临终关怀,一个好的开始是与凡人的手册(凡人)、关怀和权威指南由该领域的专家团队编写。

对一个人来说,在生活结束时表达对健康的偏好是很重要的。这可以通过正式的法律文件,授权委托书使用(律师)保健给你信任的人你应该成为你不能这样做自己做决定。这些指令,可能被称为“生前遗嘱”,必须根据你的具体情况和位置,因为法律在世界各地有所不同。这些指令可以涵盖任何你认为重要的问题。一个非常普遍的关注中心管及相关问题包括撤掉生命维持艰难的决定(生命维持)治疗。

一个非常重要的决定,你是否愿意选择家庭或临终关怀(临终关怀)作为一种替代医院设置。无论在家里还是在医院,要求高质量的姑息治疗是很重要的(缓解病痛)护理。你可以通过研究保健短信通知自己特定的疾病。

许多信仰传统的地方强调的重要性,有意识的准备作为一种尊重和接受生命的最后冒险的重要性。死亡并不是生命-----相反它是生的对立面。

决定结束一个人的生命在死亡的临近反正有时被称为“医生协助自杀(PAS),或自愿安乐死(安乐死);这是自杀的更一般的问题的一种特殊情况。”“死”的权利是国际范围内有争议的法律斗争的主题。

2

On Mother’s Day when we visited Mom in the hospital, she told us she believed the multiple rounds of chemotherapy(化疗), radiation, ICU(intensive care unit) stays, and surgeries had been worth it because they had bought her some time. “But now, it’s time to go home and …take care of business?.”

Shortly after coming home, Mom announced that she planned to make a quilt, which she had never done. When I asked why, she said, “Dying is boring, and it?s never too late to l earn something new.” The idleness associated with incapacity was madding to her. Over the next few months Mom worked diligently on the quilt, a simple pattern called “Grandmother?s Garden”.

As she picked up a piece of calico(印花布), she would say, “This reminds me of the dress you wore the first day of school,”or “This blue was your father’s favorite color.”Each recollection opened the door for a conversation about those things that she wanted to share.

As the quilt grew, Mom weakened. It was a poignant reminder that time was passing too quickly. At last, she became too sick to work on the quilt.

Mom died before the quilt was finished, but it was all right. She had creatively used it as a tool to teach me her final lesson, that the “business” of dying is som ething best done at home and not in an intensive care unit. This is because the real “business” of dying is reaffirming relationships that have given one?s life meaning.

Without my knowledge, two Christmas later, my husband?s parents finished the quilt for me. It

was the most wonderful gift imaginable.

Mom’s quilt has served our family in many ways she would have liked-picnic cloth, moving pad, bedspread, and wrap for her great-grandson. Each time, the quilt reminds me of the bond between generations and the important “business”of dying.

在母亲节的时候我们参观了妈妈在医院里,她告诉我们她认为化疗的多轮(化疗)、辐射、ICU(ICU)停留,和手术是值得的因为他们给她买了一些时间。“但现在,是时候回家了,'照顾'。”

回家后不久,妈妈宣布她计划做一床被子,这是她从未做过的。当我问为什么,她说,“死亡是枯燥的,它永远不会太晚去学习新的东西。”与无能懒惰是发狂的她。在接下来的几个月里,妈妈一直在辛勤地工作着,一个简单的模式叫做“祖母的花园”。

她拿起了一块白布(印花布),她会说,“这让我想起了你穿了第一天上学的衣服,”或“这是你爸爸最喜欢的颜色蓝色。”每一次回忆关于她想分享这些东西的对话打开了门。

随着被子的成长,妈妈被削弱了。这是一个深刻的提醒,时间过的太快了。最后,她病得太厉害了,不在床上工作。

妈妈死了之前被完成,但它是所有权利。她创造性地把它作为一种工具来教我她的最后一课,“企业”的死亡是最好的,在家里,而不是在ICU。这是因为死亡的真正的“生意”是肯定的关系,赋予了人的生命意义。

没有我的知识,圣诞节过后,我丈夫的父母为我完成了被子。这是能想象到的最美妙的礼物。妈妈的被子一直担任我们的家庭在许多方面,她会喜欢-野餐布、运动垫、床罩,和她的曾孙包。每一次,我都会想起一代人之间的纽带和死亡的重要“企业”

3

While caring for terminally ill patients can be rewarding, it can also be discouraging. Families provide the majority of care, even nursing services, without training or support. According to a groundbreaking study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the majority of care for the terminally ill is provided by female family members, not professional health care providers.

“Women are doubly affected by the need for care at the en d of life. Almost three quarters of all care for dying patients was provided by women. At the same time, women who needed care received less assistance from family members than men and were more likely to have to pay for assistance. ”

Charles Halper said, “This study highlights large burdens being borne by unpaid, often untrained family caregivers. We need to assure that these caregivers are suitably trained and supported. We also need to integrate effective paid caregivers into care for the terminally ill. Since the poor and elderly are among those who rely most on paid caregiving, we must protect policies that help pay for this essential care at the end of life.”

The study also found the amount of volunteer assistance provided to terminally ill patients is negligible. Only 4% of patients had non-relatives as their primary caregivers, and less than 3% of patients who needed care reported that they received volunteer assistance.

Another study found significant support could come in simple ways. The Annals of Internal Medicine found that people who care for terminally ill patients say that they feel less depressed and better able to cope with their lives when they can talk to a doctor who simply listens to their problems and their concerns about their loved ones. The study was the first to show that empathetic doctors can help reduce the enormous emotional burdens shouldered by caregivers.

This study indicates that doctors have a critical role to play by listening better to caregivers and providing them with support at a stressful time in their lives.

虽然照顾绝症病人可以是有益的,它也可以是令人沮丧的。家庭提供照顾,甚至护理服务,没有培训或支持。根据新的英国医学杂志发表的一项开创性的研究,大多数的护理是由女性家庭成员提供的,而不是专业的保健提供者。

“妇女在生活的最后需要照顾的是双重的。几乎三个季度的所有照顾病人提供了由妇女。在同一时间,需要照顾的妇女得到的家庭成员的援助比男性少,更可能要支付援助。“

查尔斯哈伯说,“这项研究突出大负担是由无偿的,往往未经训练的家庭照顾者。我们需要确保这些照顾者得到适当的培训和支持。我们还需要整合有效的照顾照顾者为终末期病。由于穷人和老年人在那些最依赖支付照顾,我们必须保护政策,帮助支付这一基本照顾到生命的尽头。”

这项研究还发现,提供给身患绝症的病人的自愿援助的数量是可以忽略不计的。只有4%的患者有非亲属作为他们的主要照顾者,和不到3%的患者需要照顾,他们收到了自愿援助。另一项研究发现,有意义的支持可能会以简单的方式出现。内科医学年鉴发现,那些照顾病人的病人会说,他们觉得不那么沮丧,能够更好地应对他们的生活,当他们可以和一位医生交谈时,他们会对他们的问题和他们所爱的人所关心的问题进行讨论。这项研究第一次表明了移情的医生可以帮助减少巨大的情感负担肩负的照顾者。这项研究表明,医生有一个关键的作用,发挥更好的照顾照顾者和提供他们的支持,在他们的生活中的一个充满压力的时间。

Unit9

1

The Standing Committee of thc Ninth National people's Congress ( NPC), the nation's top legislative body, passed the long-debated amendments to the Marriage Law on April 28, 2002.

The amendments to the 2o-year-old Marriage Law were passed by 127 votes in favor.

one against and nine abstentions. One of the guiding principles behind the revision wm to

protect the rights of women and children.

The new marriage law reaffirms that husband and wife should be faithful to, and respect

each other, as well as safeguards the marriage and family relations featuring equality,

harmony and civilization. Committing bigamy (重婚) will thus lead to criminal

punishment, with a maximum of two-year imprisonment, according to the Criminal Code.

The revised law regulates when one party is involved in bigamy and cohabitation ( 同居)

with someone other than the legal spouse, divorce should be granted after mediation if either

side files such an application, accompanied by compensation to the betrayed spouse.

me new ma】Tiage law has established nnany new principles and systems applicable to the

civil law, and the system of nullifying (使无效) or revoking (废除) a ma】Tiage is one of them

1he revised wwwage law stipulates the marriage can be nullified in the following cases

spouse with a blood relationship banned by law ; and spouse below the lawfu age of marTiw ·According to the new maiTiage law, forced marriages can be revoked once the

aggrieved (受侵害的) files a notice of repeal (取消) to the people's court or the marTiage

registration bureau.

The revised marriage law has set the scope of jointly owned and individually owned property more clearly. Property gained within the span of maiTiage, such as salary, profits, IpR (intellectual property) earnings and inheritance other than those specified by the

marriage law, are considered jointly owned property. It also stipulates at the same time that one party's pre-marriage private property, medical compensation, living allowance for the disabled, inherited or granted property designamd to only one party and daily necessities exclusively for onc party are considered individually owned.

对第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会(人大),国家的最高

立法机关,2002年4月28日通过了对婚姻法的长期辩论修正案。

到2O岁的婚姻法修正案以127票赞成通过了。

一个反对和九票弃权。一个指导原则的修订WM背后

保护妇女和儿童的权利。

新婚姻法重申,丈夫和妻子应该忠实于和尊重

彼此,以及保障婚姻家庭关系的平等,

和谐与文明。犯重婚罪(重婚)会导致犯罪

惩罚,最多两年监禁,根据刑法。

修订后的法律规定当一方参与重婚、同居(同居)

与法律配偶以外的其他人,调解后,应准予离婚

一边文件这样的申请,同时向被出卖的配偶赔偿。

我新的马】tiage法确立了新的nnany适用原则和系统

民法和注销系统(使无效)或撤销(废除)一个马】tiage就是其中之一

他wwwage修订法律规定的无效婚姻可以在以下情况

以血缘关系为法律所禁止的配偶;配偶在martiw·的lawfu年龄

根据新的maitiage法、强迫婚姻可撤销一次

委屈(受侵害的)文件通知,撤销(取消)向人民法院或婚姻

登记局。

修订后的婚姻法已设定了共同拥有的范围,并单独拥有

财产更清楚。物业在maitiage跨度增加,如工资、利润,

知识产权(知识产权)的收益和继承权,而不是由其规定的

婚姻法,被认为是共同拥有的财产。它还规定了在同一时间

一方婚前私有财产、医疗赔偿、生活津贴

残疾人,继承或赠与财产designamd只有一方和日常用品

专门为ONC党是个人所有。

2

When Chinese citizens and foreigners (including foreign residents and

those who come to China for a short visit, Chinese of foreign nationality,

and foreigners who have settled down in China) decide to get married of

their own free will within the boundaries of China, both the man and the

woman concerned shall appear together at the marriage registration

department, designated by the province, autonomous region, or municipality

directly under the Central Government, and stationed in the locality where

the Chinese citizen has his/her residence registration and apply for

marriage registration.

2. Both the man and the woman, who apply for marriage registration, shall

abide by the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China and the

pertinent articles and items of these Provisions.

3. Chinese citizens and foreigners who apply for marriage registration

shall respectively hold the following certificates:

A. For Chinese citizens:

(1) certificates of the applicant's residence registration;

(2) certificate signed and issued either by the people's government at the

county level or above which is stationed in the locality where the

applicant has his/her residence registration, or by a government

department, a school, an institution, or an enterprise at the county level

or above, which is the applicant's place of work; the certificate

indicates the applicant's name, sex, date of birth, nationality, marital

status (single, divorced, bereft of spouse - the same below), occupation,

nature of work, name of the person to marry.

B. For foreigners:

(1) the applicant's passport or other documents certifying his/her

identity and citizenship;

(2) "Residence Permit for Foreigners" signed and issued by the public

security department, or identification certificate issued by foreign

affairs department, or entry permit and residence permit for foreigners

who come to China for a short stay;

(3) marital status certification issued by the notary office of the

applicant's country and confirmed by both the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

(or a department authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) of the

applicant's country and the Chinese embassy or consulate in the said

foreign country; or marital status certification issued by the embassy or

consulate of the said foreign country in China.

中国公民同外国人(包括常驻我国和临时来华的外国人、外籍华人、定居我国的侨民)在中国境内自愿结婚的,男女双方当事人必须共同到中国公民一方户口所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府指定的婚姻登记机关申请登记。

二、申请结婚登记的男女双方,必须遵守中华人民共和国婚姻法和本规定的有关条款。

三、申请结婚登记的中国公民和外国人,须分别持有下列证件:

甲、中国公民:

(一)本人的户籍证明:

(二)本人户口所在地的县级人民政府或工作所在单位的县级以上机关、学校、事业、企业单位出具的本人姓名、性别、出生年月、民族、婚姻状况(未婚、离婚、丧偶、下同)、职业、工作性质、申请与何人结婚的证明。

乙、外国人:

(一)本人护照或其他身份、国籍证件;

(二)公安机关签发的《外国人居留证》,或外事部门颁发的身份证件,或临时来华的入境、

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我们不厌其烦地谈论“美国男人”,似乎他们身上存在着某种几十年或者十年恒常不变的品质。 当今的美国男人不再是1630年来到新英格兰的快乐的农民了。他们不再是老脑筋,他们不再以内向的性格为荣,他们不会坐在没有取暖设备的教堂里连做三遍祷告。在南方,富裕的,成天围着女孩子转的骑士也发展壮大了,但两种“美国男人”都不像之后东北部发达起来的贪婪的铁路承包商。而不计后果、为所欲为的西部文明移民也不像他们。 即使在我们自己的年代,公认的模范也发生了戏剧性的变化。举个例子来说,在20世纪50年代,这样一种美国人越来越凸显出来,成为大多数人认可的模范。这就是50年代的男人。 上班起早贪黑,干活尽职尽责,养家糊口,遵规守纪。里根就是这类人的典型——固执而坚忍不拔。这类人弄不懂女人的心,却颇为赏识女人的身体;他们的文化观和文化观的美国部分幼稚而乐观。他们大都有坚忍不拔、信心十足的品质,但在他们魅力十足、虚张声势的外表下,还有另外的三个特征:孤立、清贫、被动。他们需要通过自己的敌人来证明自己还活着。 50年代的男人喜欢橄榄球,好斗,他们维护美国,从不流泪,只是默默奉献。但在这些男人的身上,善于接纳和对人友善的品质消失了。他们的个性缺乏洋溢感。他们还缺乏同情心,正是这点怂恿了他们对越战的狂热;就像后来的里根,他的头脑中缺乏那种我们称之为“和平之心”的东西,这使得他对萨尔瓦多那些手无寸铁的人,对

这里的老人、失业者、上学的孩子,乃至对穷人都铁石心肠、残暴野蛮。 50 年代的男人清楚地知道男人该是什么样,男人的职责是什么,但他们自身孤立和片面的观念弄得他们危机四伏。 到了60 年代,又出现了另外一类男人。越战的荒废和暴虐让他们质疑,自已是否真的知道一个成年男人是什么样子?如果成年等于越战,他们对成年还有一丝一毫的向往吗?同时,女权运动激励男人们开始真切地审视女人,迫使他们开始理解50 年代男人苦苦逃避的担忧和苦楚。随着男人们开始正视女人的过去和她们的感受,一些人开始留意并专注他们自己的所谓“女性”的那一面。女权运动一直持续到了今天,我敢说,当代男人或多或少地都曾卷入其中。 这场运动留下了某些美好的东西,我是说男人们开始习惯于迎合并培养自己的女权意识。这一点很重要。可是我也觉察到哪里出了问题。过去的二十年中,男人变得越发体贴和绅士了。但经历了这场运动,他们却变得越来越不自由了。一个男孩,能让自己的妈妈还有自己的同居女友高兴,他就是好男孩。 到了70 年代,我开始觉察到在全国范围内普遍存在的一种现象,我们可以称之为“软男人”现象。时至今日,有时你看看窗外的人群,没准其中一半的年轻男性都是被我称之为“软”的男人。他们很可爱,他们令人钦佩。我喜欢他们,因为他们对破坏地球和发动战争不感兴趣。从他们的所有本性和生活方式中,你可以看到他们对待生活温和友善的态度。

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事。就连Kellogg '玉米片的生产商Kellogg '公司也发现自己的产品被山寨:Kongal牌玉米条,连包装也几乎一模一样。不幸的是,和杜邦公司的事件一样,Kellogg '公司成功惩罚侵权者的几率几乎为零,因为当地的法律不承认知识产权保护的概念。 幸好,在经过许多轮世贸组织的谈判后,情况大为改观。然而,跨国公司必须保持警惕,以防被侵权。总有人试图从别人的研发、投资、商誉中牟利。如果成果得不到法律保护,创新就是空话。 如今你经常会听到知识产权”这个词一一通常是从产权者嘴里。这不是意外,所谓知识产权”可是能够让人挣大钱的,所以无数人想使你确信:知识产权是必需的,而不是忽悠全球消费者的大噱头。他们最有可能告诉你,知识产权应该受到保护,否则创新”无从谈起。可为什么搞出这样一种东西,也就是其他人都从里面挣钱,而你却什么也得不到? 虽然这是个亟待处理的问题,但它还是种对于创新的狭隘观点 。 创新是一个合作的过程,是一种建立在无数人努力之上的社会进程 。 人们很自然地会去创新,会去合作,会去创造性地解决问题。从这个角度看,保护知识产权会阻碍创新,因为人们无法利用各自的创意,甚至是相似的创意,否则就得支付一大笔钱或者面临起诉。

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1.A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night(英语阅读理解) A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it? 一个奇怪的事情发生在几乎每个人身上,并且都在晚上。他们关上灯,拉上了窗帘和闭上他们的眼睛。六或七小时的睡眠后,他们再次醒来。奇怪,不是吗? Sleep is a great puzzle. Scientists and doctors would like to talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure what causes sleep. 睡眠是一个伟大的谜。科学家和医生谈谈为什么不能入睡。他们不知道什么是睡眠的原因。 You will sleep best both when you are in good health and when you don't eat too much or too little. No worries and a comfortable place to sleep are important, too.你会睡得最好当你身体健康时,你不要吃太多或太少。不用担心,一个舒适的睡眠环境是重要的。 Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you often move. You would feel tired ever if you didn't move. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. 奇怪的事情发生在睡眠期间。例如,你经常搬家。你会觉得累,如果你没有动。你也做梦。你大脑的一部分仍然是清醒的时候,您也做梦。做梦时发生的记忆和想象的部分你的大脑仍然清醒。 Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were finished while the writers were dreaming. 别担心,如果你有梦想。一些伟大的故事和诗歌的作家会完成梦想。 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)、误( F) 。 1. A strange thing happens to only someone at night.T 2. Scientists and doctors are both sure what causes people's sleep.F 3. When you are in good health, you can sleep very well at night.T 4. The writer means that some dreams are good for people.T 5. If you eat too much or too little before sleep, you won't sleep well.T 2. At the Barber's Shop 在理发店 Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he 杰克去一家理发店剪了头发,但是当他出来时,他 was not happy with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed 是不满意的结果。当他的朋友鲍波看到他时,他笑了 and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?" 说,“你的头发怎么了,杰克?” Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied 杰克说,“我今天尝试了新的理发店,因为我不是很满意 with my old one, but this one seems even worse." 旧的,但是这一次似乎更差。” Bob agreed. "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what 他同意了。”是的,我想你是对的,杰克。现在我要告诉你 to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, 做的时候,你走进一家理发店下时间:看所有理发师的头发, find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."

2010年至2016年考研阅读理解真题及翻译答案

2016年英语考研真题及答案 Par`t A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that” incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques . The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of

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