高考英语写作-主系表结构

简单句

1、主谓结构（也就是：主语+谓语）

2、主系表结构（也就是：主语+系动词+表语）

通常系动词为be，例句：He is director（主任）of out department（部门）。这里的系动词就是is。

但是，有一些词也可以充当系动词（注意是‘也可以’！！）。比如常见的：become（变成）、get（变得）、seem （看起来）、fall（变得）、remain（仍然是）、sound（听起来）、stand（保持）（更多例子见《新课标高中英语语法》P191）。

主谓结构例句：My head ached.我头疼。（简单）

Mrs.Black and her children talked and laughed.布莱克夫人和她的孩子有说有笑。（中等）

Over 500 types of native American animals and plants have disappeared.美洲已有500多本土动植物消失。（中等）这三个例子我们可以看出来，主谓结构，是只有一个谓语成分。比如‘ached’,‘talked’，‘laughed’，‘have disappeared’。其中，第二句的‘talked and laughed’是个并列句，有‘and’这个连词把‘talked’和‘laughed’连在一起，共同充当一个谓语成分。

主系表结构例句：

It is a way of thinking.这是一种思考方式。（简单）

He became an explorer in his thirties.他在三十岁的时候成为了一个探险家。（简单）

Its walls remain as good as before.这些城墙看起和以前一样好。

‘remain’看起来可以充当谓语成分，但在这句话中充当的是系动词成分，而不是谓语。

现在我们来区分一下，如何分辨主谓结构和主系表结构。

She looked sad after hearing the news.听到消息后，她看起来很伤心。（look作系动词）

He looked sadly at the picture.他很伤心地看着照片。（look作实义动词）

这里明显看出look的翻译是不同的意思。但这不是高考点，高考的一个难点：就是用某些系动词的主动语态表示被动意义。主要是指物，作主语的系动词，可用于主动形式表被动含义。例句：

This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。（中等）

The music sounds confortable.这音乐听着很舒服。（简单）

这两句话都是物（shirt、music）作主语，‘f eels’、‘sounds’作物的系动词。有被动的感觉，但形式是主动。

【例】（2006全国）The water __cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.

A.was felt

B.is felt

C.felt

D.feels

【练习Exercise】

1.主语+be(am/was，is/was，are/were)+不定式

他的梦想是成为一名出色的工程师。[re·mark·able/ex·cell·ent出色的] [ engi·neer工程师]

___________________________________________

我现在是一名中学生，明年就是大学生了。[middle high school student中学生] [college student大学生]

___________________________________________

2.主语+ grow/become/turn/go/fall/get/come+越来越...

【例】It is becoming colder and colder.这里的的句干：主语+become+越来越冷。我们知道，动词都有时态，但是系动词有没有时态呢？答案是有的。‘is becoming’是进行时系动词。下面是更深入的解释，不用强记。

▲当变化类系动词如become, grow, get, go, run 等有时可用于进行时态强调变化的进程

It was becoming very dark. 天越来越黑了。（简单）

▲表示状态的系动词 be 与动态形容词连用时，可以用于进行时态。如：

She is just being polite. 她只是做出有礼貌的样子。（中）

▲感官系动词feel(感觉), look(看起来)有时可用于进行时态。如：

He’s looking appreciably（明显地）thinner. 看得出来他消瘦了。（中）

他变得越来越自信了。[con·fi·dent自信的]

___________________________________________

污染问题日渐严重。[pol·lu·tion污染] [problem需要解决的难题，如环境/issue政治、经济问题] [day by day 日渐] ___________________________________________（提示tips:grow）

【例】The food has gone bad.(这里用的是现在完成时态)。

他的梦想实现了。[come turn 实现]

___________________________________________

3.主语+seem+adj./介词短语（注意时态！！）

他的话听起来很有道理。[resonable有道理的]

___________________________________________

看到这篇报道，他感到非常震惊。[shock震惊]

___________________________________________（提示tips:这里的‘看’应译为read）

4.主语+remain/keep/stay/stand/rest/lie/hold/prove

尽管他很累，但仍能保持清醒。[despite尽管] [tired·ness 累] [awak 清醒]

___________________________________________（提示tips:stay）

我希望大家可以安静几分钟。[si·lent安静] [for a few minutes]

___________________________________________

5.主语+seem/appear/turn out+prove+look+.adj/不定式（注意时态！！）

他的想法似乎很奇怪。

___________________________________________

听到这个消息他看上去有点沮丧。

___________________________________________

他的建议被证实是很实用的。（practical）

___________________________________________（tips:系动词的被动为主动形式）大家的努力有很大帮助。(all the efforts) [helpful有帮助的]

___________________________________________（tips：turn out）

6.It +seems|seemed/ looks|looked/ appears|appeared/ feels|felt+that从句（注意时态！！）

他好像在工作中犯了严重错误。[make mistake犯错误]

___________________________________________

看样子要下雪了。

___________________________________________（tips：as if 虚拟语气，将要下雪）看得出他憎恨被骗。（appear）[hate憎恨]

___________________________________________

他似乎对自己所做的事感到很惭愧。[guilty of ]

___________________________________________（tips：felt）

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