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2015年12月英语四级考试第三套阅读真题答案

2015年12月英语四级考试第三套阅读真题答案
2015年12月英语四级考试第三套阅读真题答案

2015年12月英语四级考试第三套阅读真题答案

新东方&新东方在线联合发布

Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is 36 different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.

It seems that the information society 37 the quantity of information available to the members of society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a 38 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media.

A different 39 is possible when the actual amount of information 40 by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information 41 throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between “information haves” and “information have-notes,” leading to digital divide.

According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major 42 : class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle

classes and the lower class. With 43 to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, 44 with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation, 45 to an industrial society.

A)accustomed I) flows

B)acquired J) fundamentally

C)assembly K) interpretation

D)attribute L) passive

E)champions M) regard

F)elements N) respectively

G)expands O) superficial

H)familiar

答案:JGOKB IFMHA

Joy: A Subject Schools Lack

Becoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.

A)When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland

eat their children, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe

depression, and stimulate the restaurant business. Even as a satire(讽刺), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its

child-centered culture. But actually, the country is closer to his

proposal than you might think.

B)If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you’ll

hear a lot of the following words: “standards,” “results,” “skills,”

“self-control,” “accountability,” and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly “effective” schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can’t sit still.

C)A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it

abundantly clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes

childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right. D)I’m a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist.

So I’ve watched a lot of children—talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young. Here’s what I’ve come to understand.

The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills. It’s their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of

putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child’s ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.

E)A friend told me the following story. One day, when he went to get his

7-year-old son from soccer practice, his kid greeted him with a

downcast face and a sad voice. The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before eh reached the car door, he suddenly

stopped, crouching(蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.

His face went down lower and lower,and then, with complete joy he called out, “Dad. Come here. This is the strangest bug I’ve ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this. It’s amazing.” He

looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and

delight. “Can’t we stay here for just a minute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever.”

F)The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a

charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth—something to be

pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like

perseverance(坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking . Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require

giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting

experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than bringing together nonsense word, for

example. In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions.

G)Building on a child’s ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside,

wouldn’t be that hard. It would just require a shi ft in the education wold’s mindset(思维模式). Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring

ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.

H)Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an

unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low

academic achievement, and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.

I)Many of the assignments and rules teachers com up with, often

because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn’t chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification(快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.

J)Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally. Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn.

You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can’t force the child to think carefully,

enjoy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for

learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find

pleasure in learning—to see school as source of joy.

K)Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food —something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?

L)Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child’s life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom.

“Pleasure” is not a dirty word.And it doesn’t run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact, the precondition.

46. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.

47. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.

48. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.

49. It is human nature to seek joy in life.

50. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.

51. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.

52. Adults do not consider children’s feelings when it comes to

education.

53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.

54. In the so-called “effective” schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.

55. To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.

答案:GDAFK HCIBJ

Passage One

When it’s five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they’re done.

These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research show that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气)and creativity.

Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning. What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities —from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga — by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs “task time”. They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.

The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in the business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.

This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristics of

the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It’ll make those tasks easier, and the take doers will be happier.

56. What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?

A) It makes everybody time-conscious.

B) It is a convenience for work and life.

C) It may have a negative effect on creative work.

D) It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.

57. How do people usually go about their work according to the author?

A) They combine clock-based and task-based planning.

B) They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.

C) They set a time limit for each specific task.

D) They accomplish their tasks one by one.

58. What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?

A) They seize opportunities as they come up.

B) They always get their work done in time.

C) They have more control over their lives.

D) They tend to be more productive.

59. What do researchers say about today’s business culture?

A) It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.

B) It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.

C) It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers’ lives.

D) It aims to bring employees’ potential and creativity into full play.

60. What do the researchers suggest?

A) Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.

B) It is important to keep a balance between work and life.

C) Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.

D) A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.

Passage Two

Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that se was “paying her dues,” and that “there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew.”

Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved

only for the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.

At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.

Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the pers on’s individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person’s ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.

In all, more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.

Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilla(恋童癖) work in a school. But too often collateral(附随的) consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who

possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?

These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.

A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a cast support it.

The point is not to excuse of forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America’s vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one’s interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.

61. What does the well-known columnist’s remark about Martha Stewart suggest?

A)Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.

B)Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.

C)Her release from prison has drawn little attention.

D)Her prison sentence might have been extended.

62. What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?

A)They backslide after serving their terms in prison.

B)They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.

C)They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.

D)They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.

63. What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?

A)They remain poor for the rest of their lives.

B)They are deprived of all social benefits.

C)They are marginalized in society.

D)They are deserted by their family.

64. What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?

A)They help to maintain social stability.

B)Some of them have long been outdated.

C)They are hardly understood by the public.

D)A lot of them have negative effects on society.

65. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?

A)To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.

B)To appeal for changes in America’s criminal justice system.

C)To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.

D)To call people’s attention to prisoners’ conditions in America.答案:CADBA ABCDB

2015年12月英语四级真题及答案第一套

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大学英语四级考试真题及答案.doc

2016 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题及 答案 【篇一:2016 年12 月大学英语四级翻译作文题目及答 案】 翻译一: 在中国文化中,红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合,红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋 友时,通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把 它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而,红色并不总是代表好运与快 乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写,用红墨水写中国人名被看 成是一种冒犯行为。 as a symbol of good luck, longevity and happiness in chinese culture, the color of red can be seen everywhere during springfestive and other festive/ joyous occasions. cash is usually put in red envelopes as gifts for relatives and close/intimate friends. also, red is much-welcomed / fashionable in china because of its association with chinese revolutions and the communist party. however, red does not always represent / equal to good luck and joy. red was previously used to write the names of the deceased so it is seen as an offence to write chinese people ’s names in red ink. 翻译二 随着中国的改革开放,如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘 在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱,因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而,在 中国传统文化中,白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住, 白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物,尤其不要送给老年人或危重病 人。同样,礼金也不能装在白色信封里,而要装在红色信封里。 with the reform and opening-up of china, a great many young people nowadays prefer to hold western-style wedding: the bride wears white wedding gown because the color is considered to symbolize purity/is considered as the symbol of purity. however, in tradition chinese culture, white is often used on funerals. so, do bear in mind that white flowers should never be used as a gift to celebrate someone ’s recovery, especially not for the aged or those who are seriously ill.

2015年6月大学英语四级真题(CET4)及答案解析

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2 015年6月13日全国大学英语四级翻译真题及答案 大米 在西方人心目中,和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来,大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位,以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多数种植水稻,人们通常以大米为食;而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥,无法种植水稻,那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国,有些人用面粉做面包,但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。 In the mind of Westerners,Chinese people have the closest connection to rice,basic food for the Chinese.For a long time,rice occupies a very important position in the Chinese diet.There is even a saying that "even a clever housewife cannot cook a meal without rice".People in south China plant and live on rice,while people in the most parts of North China cannot plant rice due to excessively dry and cold weather. The main crop there is wheat. In China, some people use flour to bake bread,while most people make steamed bread and noodles with flour. xx 中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济,并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划,其中包括到20年建成的一个太空站。目前,中国是世界最大的出口国之一,并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时,它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年,中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。 快递 据报道,今年中国快递服务(courier service)将递送大约120亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会。仅在11月11日,中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此,快递业在中国扩展就不足为奇了。

2012年12月英语四级真题试卷(第三套)

Suffering in silence Despite a law designed to protect them, many people with disabling conditions are unaware of their rights. Carole Concha-Bell tells of her experiences. Being diagnosed v. 诊断;被诊断为(diagnose的过去分词)with a disabling condition is always a shock. Learning to live without the guarantee of health is like having to unlearn vt. 忘却;抛掉以前的想法;去掉…的弊习a previous life. The implications n. 蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意; 卷入for your working life may seem intimidating 吓人的、令人不安的. There is the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 残障歧视法, of course. But does it really provide the protection in the workplace that parliament n. 议会,国会intended v. 打算;准备? Are employers merely paying lip service to 口头上承认the DDA? Or are they even aware of an employer's legal duties and responsibilities义务与责任? In my experience, it is the latter. I have received little support from employers to whom I have revealed v. 透 露(reveal的过去式);显示my condition. This has often left me feeling at a disadvantage and wondering adj. 疑惑的;觉得奇怪的why I bothered doing so in the first place 首先,第一,原本. I had been struggling with illness long before 很早以前;在…以前很久I was diagnosed. In practical terms 实际上;在实践中the diagnosis did little to aid me有助于. Of course, it enabled me to understand my body, my limitations and set me on a course to stabilize vt. 使…坚固;使…安定;装稳定器my symptoms. But it brought a new dilemma n. 困境;进退两难;两刀论法. Where I had previously struggled to work while ill, ignorant adj. 无知的;愚昧的of why my body was misbehaving vi. 作弊;行为不礼貌, I now had a name for my daily struggle: Lupus (狼疮). This is a chronic (慢性的) auto-immune 自身免疫的disorder that can affect virtually adv. 事实上,几乎;实质上any system in the body. It also leaves a huge, dark question hanging over my head when seeking employment: should I tell my employers I have a condition? It is a dilemma that continues to be a root cause of anxiety [??'za??t?] both for myself and for thousands of other UK employees. The rocky road 坎坷崎岖的路to my unfortunate enlightenment about work and disability began just after graduatio n n. 毕业;毕业典礼;when I'd set my sights on a career in communications and landed my dream job with a respected p ublic relations consultancy (咨询公司) in Bristol. But while I was learning the art of media relations, my body w asn't quite making it in health terms. I often went to work with swollen limbs n. [解剖] 四肢and fevers. At my first a nd last performance review 服务表现检讨;业绩评价, my boss was amazed that, despite my many capabilities, I hadn't quite taken control of my responsibilities. A few months later, my contract n. 合同;婚约wasn't renewed and I plunged 投入;跳 进;使陷入further into new depths of ill health. However, I was determined not to be beaten and returned to the interview trail. My next job was in publishing. But despite a shining adj. 光亮的;华丽的performance at the interview, I felt like a fraud n. 欺骗;骗子;诡计. How long would it be before I sank into ill health and depression n. 沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁again? The job was to end with a monumental adj. 不朽的;纪念碑的;非常的bang when I became so poorly I could no longer f unction n. 功能;[数] 函数;vi. 运行;活动;. A few feverish adj. 发热的;极度兴奋的weeks in bed ended in specialist appointment, where I was diagnosed with Lupus and rushed into hospital for fear that 生怕,唯恐;以免;以防万一it may have attacked my interna l adj. 内部的;内在的;国内的organs. The next 12 months were filled with confusion n. 混淆,混乱;困惑. I had no idea about benefits, felt alienated (被视为另类) by the medical establishment 医疗机构and lived off 靠……生活my savings until I was broke. I realized 意识I needed help from my family and moved to London. As soon as I felt better, I marched into a marketing recruitment n. 补充;征募新兵consultancy n. 咨询公司;顾问工作and, within 10 minutes, I had impressed the interviewer enough to be offered a job with the agency. We agreed on a decent adj. 正派的;得体的;相当 好的salary and I told him I had arthritis (关节炎) and would need to work a four-day week. Things went well at the start but soon the client 客户meetings began to fall on my day off, and I rarely le ft the office on time. I began to slip both in health and professional terms n. 术语;学期;期限;条款. The 10-hour days cras hed around my head; no amount of make-up 化装化妆组成could disguise my ill health as I battled against the odds迎 难而上,成败之际,冲破万重的困难to prove to myself that I could still make it in the business world. I often cried on the bus on 不久前my contract was due to be made permanent adj. 永久的,永恒的;不变的, I was called to the boss's office and given the "talk" about how my performance n. 性能;绩效;表演;执行was slipping, how awful I looked. I

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Listening is more important than talking.”You can cite examples to illustrate the important of paying attention to others’ opinions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) The agenda for the board of directors’ meeting. B) The details of the meeting to be held next week. C) The reason for the man’s absence from the meeting. D) The time for the man’s visit to the woman’s company. 2. A) At a travel agency. C) In a library. B) At a department store. D) In a post office. 3. A) He cannot hear the woman’s call.C) He cannot recall the phone number. B) He cannot get through to New York. D) He cannot find a public phone nearby. 4. A) Watch a movie with the woman. C) Do some shopping with Jane. B) Revise his thesis in the office. D) Discuss his thesis with Prof Hudson. 5. A) He just cannot work properly without a watch. B) He has no idea where he can buy a gold watch. C) He still does not know where he left his watch. D) He is not sure what went wrong with his watch. 6. A) He forgot all about what he said. C) He was sorry for being off sick last week. B) He slipped and hurt his head. D) He thought the woman’s ca r had been sold 7. A) She should try to catch an earlier bus. C) She is always making excuses for being late. B) She is absent from his class too often. D) She should come up with a better excuse. 8. A) He is going to help the woman out. C) He is on his way to sec a real estate agent. B) He has to move out of the building soon. D) He will stay with the woman’s brother. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) From some of her friends. C) From a telephone directory.

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