新世纪大学英语第四册教案unit1 learning a language

New Century College English

Book I

《新世纪大学英语》

第一册

公共外语教研部第二教研室

UNIT 1 Learning a Language

Unit 1 Learning a Language

1. T eaching Objectives:

Students will be able to

A.Grasp the main idea and structure of the text:

B.Learn some techniques in writing;

C.Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text:

D.Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme

of the unit.

2. Time Allotment:

1st Period: Pre-reading Activities (Warm-up questions; Think and speak; Background information )

While-reading ( Global-reading: understanding Text A as a whole ) 2nd Period: While-reading Activities ( Detailed reading: learning Text A in detail )

3rd Period: While-reading Activities ( Detailed reading continued)

4th Period: Post-reading Activities ( Summarize the useful experessions inText A; Deal with Task 3 in the text book; Check Ss’understanding of Text B; Some after-text

exercises;Home Assignment)

3. T eaching Procedures:

3.1 Pre-reading Activities

Step 1 Warm-up questions:

Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.

1) Do you think it is necessary to learn another language besides your mother tongue?

2) How long have you been learning English? Do you think English is very difficult to learn?

3) If possible, what other foreign languages do you want to learn? Why?

4) Speaking from your own experience, what effective ways would you like to suggest to help others learn English?

Method:Using task-based language teaching method, communicative approach, and audio-lingual method.

Step 2. Think and speak:

1)Imagine you are talking with a beginner in English. Give him some tips on the best ways

to learn English fast.

2)Read the advice on how to learn English. Check if they are similar to what you have

written down.

Tips for Beginners

a. Listen to the radio

b. Watch English TV programmes

c. Talk to yourself in English

d. Record your own voice

e. Read something every day

f. Record vocabulary in a personal dictionary

g. Always have an English-English dictionary nearby

h. Read at the appropriate level

i. Keep a diary/journal

j. Listen to automated answering machine recordings

Method: Using CAI, PPT, task-based language teaching method, communicative approach, audiolingual method.

Step 3. Background information:

1) Life of William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (1564–1616) is considered the greatest playwright who ever lived. Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon. While the actual date of his birth is not known, it is traditionally celebrated on April 23rd. Shakespeare left Stratford sometime between 1585 and 1592, and joined a company of actors as a performer and playwright. In 1594 Shakespeare became an actor and playwright for a theater troupe(剧团). Until the end of his London career Shakespeare remained with the company; as an actor he played old men’s roles, such as the ghost in Hamlet and Old Adam in As You Like It. In 1599 he became

a partner in the ownership of the Globe Theatre, and in 1608 he was part owner of the

Blackfriars Theatre. Shakespeare retired and returned to Stratford. He undoubtedly enjoyed a comfortable living throughout his career and in retirement, although he was never a wealthy man.

2) Charles Dickens: (refer to text book Page 8)

3) Behaviorists psychology: ( refer to text book Page 8)

Method: Using task-based language teaching method, reading approach.

3.2 While-reading Activities

Step 1. Global reading:

Do some exercises to check Ss’ previewing of the text and understanding of it as a whole.

1) The following are some viewpoints about English learning quoted from Text A. Do you

agree with them? What are the possible attitudes of the author towards them?

a. One may learn to speak English fluently in three months with proper methods.

b. The only way to learn a language is to spend a great deal of time in the country

where it is spoken.

c. One can teach himself English at home with textbooks and dictionaries.

d. No one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested

in it.

2) Text A has six paragraphs (1-6). Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph

from the list of headings below.

A)A good method that suits all students does not exist

B)The behaviorist approach

C)Two false attitudes toward English learning

D)The role of fellow students

E)Advertisements often give the false impression

F)The role of interest

1-E 2-A3-C 4-B 5-F 6-D

3) Questions about the text :

a. According to Will Pidcroft, the writer of this text, can English be mastered within a

very short period of time?

b. What is the belief held by behaviorists in terms of language learning?

c. What does Pidcroft say about one’s interest in language learning?

d. What distinguishes human beings from parrots and chimpanzees according to

Pidcroft?

T ext structure:

Part 1: Para.1 It is impossible to learn English easily as the advertisements claims.

Part 2: Paras. 2-4 There is no all-purpose way that suits all students in learning English.

Part 3: Paras. 5-6 Interest is the key to learning a language . And it is also important to have other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate.

Purpose: Improving students’ reading and writing skill and understanding the general idea of each paragraph.

Method: Using task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.

Step 2. Detailed reading:

1) Students are asked to read the passage carefully again and discuss the difficult sentences

and sentence structures.

2) Deal with Task 1 and Task 2 in the text book;

3) Help Ss find out the good usage in the text and underlined them( refer to the teacher’s

book);

4) Summarize the use of the Subjunctive Mood in the text ( ask Ss do the Grammar Review

in the text book after class).

Purpose: Further understand the text （Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.

Method:Reading the text together; Using task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.

Difficult sentences:

1. There is often a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage him even more.

Who are ―William Shakespeare‖ and ―Charles Dickens‖?

(= Shakespeare is the world’s most popular playwright while Dickens is the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.)

Why are they mentioned in the advertisements?

(= The people who run the advertisements just want to use quotations to support their points.)

2. If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed.

What is the author’s profession?

(= He must be an English teacher whose job is to train qualified English teachers.)

3. …, and it is no use pretending that anyone h as discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation.

What are the meaning and the usage of the phrase ―it is no use …‖?

(=The phrase means ―it has no effect …‖.)

2) Whenever we use this phrase we should always use the V-ing form after it.

More examples:

* It’s no use complaining.

* It’s no use crying over spilt milk, —he’s spent all the money, and there’s nothing you can

do about it.)

Translate this part into Chinese.

(= 而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环境的教学方法。)

4. No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students.

What can we learn from the expression ―This is true to a certain extent, but …‖?

(= We can see the author doesn’t totally agree with the previous statement.

Then, what, in the author’s opin ion, is helpful to students?

(= Students should have some good methods in learning English.)

5. Some students go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries.

What can we infer from the phrase ―go to the opposite extreme‖?

(= From this phrase, we can see that the author doesn’t think learning English by using dictionaries only is a good method, either.)

6. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa.

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(= 如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词（或反之亦然），那就错了。)

7. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful.

What can we infer from the sentence?

(= The author uses subjunctive mood here to show he disagrees with behaviorists.)

8. Human beings, u nlike parrots and chimpanzees, … can relate them to their own lives. Why does the author compare human beings with parrots and chimpanzees?

(= The author does so in order to tell us human beings speak English because they are interested in it.)

9. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication.

Pay attention to the usage of the word ―worth‖.

(= When we use this expression we should always use the V-ing form after the word ―worth‖, never an infinitive.

More examples:

The book is worth rea ding/It’s worth reading the book. )

Paraphrase the sentence.

(= It is likely to give a satisfactory or rewarding return for us to keep in mind that language is

a way to communicate.)

10. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula.

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(= 人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西。)

Words and Expressions:

1. personal: adj. concerning, belonging to, or for the use of a particular person; private * My personal view is that the students should be doing more work outside the classroom.

* When I went to her room all her personal belongings had gone.

2. advertisement: n. a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy

a product or service

* a television/newspaper advertisement for a new car

* They put an advertisement in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person. * The organizers of the concert had taken out a full page advertisement in The New York Times.

Collocation:

answer an advertisement 应广告之聘

put an advertisement in/on 在……做广告

run an advertisement 做广告

buy things from/in advertisements 购买广告上宣传的商品

3. claim:

1) vt. state that sth. is true, even though it has not been proved

* All parties have claimed success in yesterday’s elections.

* The co mpany claims that their product ―makes you thin without dieting‖.

战斗结束后, 双方均宣称获胜。

(= After the battle both sides claimed victory.)

2) n. a statement that sth. is true, even though it has not been proved

* They made claims they couldn’t live up to.

她对这块土地产权提出的要求最终得到法庭的认可。

(= Her claim to the ownership of the land was finally recognized by the court.)

4. on one’s part: of or by someone

* There has never been any jealousy on my part.

(= 我从没有感到忌妒。)

* It was probably just a mistake on her part.

5. fluently: adv.

fluent: adj.[often used with in] (of a person) speaking, writing, or playing a musical instrument in an easy smooth manner

* The company will give priority to an applicant who is fluent in English.

* He speaks fluent Spanish.

6. reference: n.

1) a mention of sth.

* Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to weddings.

他最近出的书中提到了中东问题。

(= His recent book makes references to the issue of the Mideast.)

2) sth. that shows you where else to look for information, for example the page number of another place in a book

* Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.

3) the act of looking at sth. for information

* Use the dictionary for easy reference.

* Keep their price list for further reference.

Collocation:

a reference book参考书，工具书

a reference library（不外借书的）参考书阅览室

for reference 作参考

in/with reference to关于

7. efficiently: adv.

efficient: adj. working well, quickly, and without waste

* an efficient secretary

(= 能干的秘书)

* an efficient heating system

(= 高效能的供暖系统)

CF: efficient & effective

这两个形容词均有―有效的‖之意。

efficient指积极有效，效率高，效果好，节省精力。指人时，强调其能干、熟练的技巧。effective强调产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力，指人指物都适用。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1) The local government has taken some _____ measures to reduce unemployment. (=effective)

2) We need someone really ______ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly. (=efficient)

3) The city’s transport system is one of the most ____ in Europe. (= efficient)

4) An ____ teacher will always produce better exam results. (=effective)

8. argue:

1) vi. disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way

我们听到邻居正在争吵。

(= We could hear the neighbors arguing.)

* They’re always arguing about/over money.

2) v. give the reasons for one’s opinion, idea, belief, etc.

* The lawyers argued the case for hours.

* Baker argued against cutting the military budget.

Collocation:

argue down 驳倒

* They argued him down fiercely. 他们狠狠地驳得他哑口无言。

argue out 辩论清楚

* The teacher and his class argued the whole matter out. 老师和学生透彻地论证了这个问题。

argue the toss反对某项已成定局的决定

* Let’s not argue the toss — we have to accept his choice. 我们不必争论已经决定的事——只好听他的。

9. individual:

1) n. a single person or thing, especially when compared to the group or set to which they belong

每一个人都有永远不可剥夺的权利。

(= Every individual has rights which must never be taken away.)

2) adj.

① single; separate

* Each individual person is responsible for his own arrangements.

② of or for one person; by or from one person

* food served in individual portions

(= 按一人一份供给的食物)

* an individual effort/contribution

(= 个人的努力/贡献)

10. personality: n.

1) the whole nature or character of a particular person

* Everyone loves her for her cheerful personality.

他是个个性很强的有抱负的人。

(= He was an ambitious man with a strong personality.)

2) a famous person

* personalities from the film world

(= 影界名流)

费德勒是网球界最著名的人物之一。

(= Roger Federer is one of the best-known personalities in the world of tennis.)

CF: personality, character, nature & temper

这些名词均有―性格、气质、性情、习性‖之意。

personality主要指一个人稳定的心理特征。例如：

* Though their personalities differed, they got along as friends.

虽然他们性格迥异，但却相处友好。

character指对个性或人格所作出的客观评价，常常与道德有关。例如：

* What does her handwriting tell you about her character? 你从她的书法中看出她有什么样的个性？

nature指天生的、不可改变的性格。例如：

* It’s his nature to be kind to people. 他天生为人厚道。

temper指从感情方面体现出来、决定处理问题的方式的性格或性情，这种性情可以是暂时的也可以是长久的。例如：

* The girl has a sweet temper. 那女孩性情温婉。

11. no doubt: almost certainly, very probably

* We will, no doubt, discuss these issues again at the next meeting.

* 想必你要在吃饭前打开行李休息一下。

(= No doubt you’ll want to unpack and have a rest before dinner.)

12. to a certain extent: to the degree specified

* They are financed to a certain extent by advertising revenue.

(= 他们的资金在一定程度上来自广告收入。)

* I agree with what you say to a certain extent.

13. have an advantage (over): have sth. that helps one to be more successful than others * Her experience meant that she had a big advantage over her opponent.

* People who have been to university have a big advantage when it comes to finding jobs. 14. go to extremes: act too violently or behave in an extreme way

他们往往持极端观点。

(= They often go to extremes in their views.)

Collocation:

go from one extreme to the other 从一个极端走向另一个极端

be driven/forced to extremes 被迫走极端

* In the jungle, they were driven to extremes in order to survive. 在丛林中, 他们为了生存被迫采取极端行动。

in the extreme极端，极度，非常

* Her manner was friendly and welcoming in the extreme. 她的态度极其友好热情。

15. assume: vt. accept (sth.) as true before there is proof

* 我假定他说的是真的。

(= I assumed his story to be true.)

* The report was assumed to be valid.

* I assumed that you knew each other because you went to the same school.

CF: assume, presume & suppose

这些动词均含有―假设，猜想，推测‖之意。

assume指无根据地武断推测或不合逻辑地推理。

presume强调以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把某事认定为是事实。

suppose常用词，意义较广泛，指缺乏确切事实、根据一些现象进行推测，也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定，有时仅表示个人意见。

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1) Many scientists ___ the new damage to the forests to be the result of higher levels of pollution. (= presumed)

2) I didn’t see your car, so I ____ you’d gone out. (= assumed)

3) We have no reason to _____ that the girl is dead. (= suppose)

16. precise: adj. exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc.

* It was difficult to get precise information on when the war broke out.

就在我昏倒之时，他一把拉住了我。

(= He caught me at the precise moment that I fainted.)

NB: 注意该词的词性变化，它的副词形式、名词形式与反义词分别为：precisely，precision 和imprecise。

17. equivalent:

1) n. sth. that has the same value, purpose, function, etc. as sth. else

* There is no English equivalen t for ―bon appétit‖ so we have adopted the French expression.

2) adj. having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc.

* I had no dollars, but offered him an equivalent amount of sterling.

美国的国会大致相当于英国的议会。

(= The US Congress is roughly equivalent to the British Parliament.)

18. vice versa: used to state that it is also true with the main items in the preceding statement the other way round

* He doesn’t trust her, and vice versa.

男孩也许会拒绝与女孩一起玩，女孩也一样。

(= The boys may refuse to play with the girls, and vice versa.)

19. provide: vt. give sth. to someone or make it available to them, because they need it or want it

* Putting more police on patrol doesn’t provide a real solution to the problem of increasing violence.

这本小册子提供了当地各类服务的有用信息。

(= This booklet provides useful information about local services.)

Pattern:

provide sb. with sth.

provide sth. for sb.

* The project is designed to provide young people with work.

旅馆为客人们提供擦鞋服务。

(= The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.)

20. let alone: not to mention; much less

* We have no hospital, let alone an isolation ward.

* He hasn’t enough money for food, let alone amusements.

21. base

1) vt. [usu. pass.] place or establish; provide with a base or center

* Their relationship was based on/upon mutual respect.

这个电影是以马克?吐温的小说为题材的。

(= The film is based on a novel by Mark Twain.)

2) n.

① the lowest part of something, esp. the part on which something stands

* There is a hole in the base of the tree.

* There is a door at the base of the tower.

② a place where people in a military organization live and work

* a military base

(= 军事基地)

* a naval base

(= 海军基地)

* an air base

(= 空军基地)

CF: base, basis & foundation

这几个名词都有―基础，根基‖的意思。

base指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。例如：

* The lamp stands on a circular base.

(= 落地灯由圆形底座支撑。)

* Some of the military bases on this island were built in the 19th century.

(= 这个岛上的一些军事基地建于19世纪。)

basis主要用作抽象或引申意义。例如：

* Charity toward others is the basis of her philosophy.

(= 慈善待人是她人生观的基点。)

foundation用于具体意义时，指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。例如：

* The earthquake shook the foundations of the house.

(= 地震连屋基都震动了。)

* Those thoughts rocked her belief to its foundations.

(= 那些想法从根本上动摇了她的信念。)

22. continually: adv. without stopping; repeatedly

* We are continually reassessing the situation.

NB: 注意该词的词性变化，它的形容词形式与名词形式分别为：continual和continuation。

CF: continual, continuous, successive & constant

这些形容词均有―连续的‖、―不断的‖之意。

continual强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。

continuous语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。

successive强调事物一个接一个地发生，无间断。

constant多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1) The refrigerator keeps food at a _________ temperature. (= constant)

2) The people in the city suffered a lot from the two weeks of ____ rain. (= continual)

3) Is this a _____ flight, or do we stop off anywhere? (= continuous)

4) My computer makes a _______ low buzzing noise. (= continuous)

5) The school has won five ______ games. (= successive)

23. means: n. a method or way (of doing)

* We need to find some other means of transportation.

没有办法查明发生了什么。

(= There is no means of finding out what happened.)

Collocation:

a means to an end 达到目的的方法

* For Tom, the job was simply a means to an end.

(= 对汤姆来说，这个工作仅仅是他达到目的的方法。)

by all means 尽一切办法；一定

* By all means try the medicine if you think it will do you any good.

(= 如果你认为这药对你的病有效，那务必要试试。)

by no means决不

* She is by no means stupid.

(= 她一点也不笨。)

24. communication: n.

communicate: v. share or exchange information, news, or ideas

* Television is an increasingly important means of communication.

* Good communication is vital in a large organization.

3.2 After-reading Activities

Step 1. Summarize the useful experessions in the text

1. 个人看法personal opinion

2. 不费什么力气with very little effort

3. 提到a reference to

4. 哭笑不得don’t know w hether to laugh or cry

5. 另谋出路look for another job

6. 合格的教师a qualified teacher

7. 可笑的噱头a ridiculous claim

8. 在情理之中It is natural …

9. 做……没用It is no use doing …

10. 这有几分道理This is true to a certain extent …

11. 比……具有很大优势have a great advantage over others

12. 走向另一极端go to the opposite extreme

13. 完全对等的东西a precise equivalent

14. 反之亦然and vice versa

15. 建立在……基础上be based on

16. 行为主义心理学behaviorist psychology

17. 热衷于be fond of

18. 我个人认为in my personal opinion

19. 将……与……联系起来relate … to …

20. 值得牢记的是It is worth remembering that …

21. 交际手段a means of communication

22. 与……大同小异be probably very similar to …

23. 值得一提的相关问题a relevant point worth mentioning

24. 做……将可受益It will be helpful to …

Method:Using CAI, PPT, Reading the text together; Using task-based language teaching method, reading approach, grammar-translation approach.

Step 2. Deal with T ask 3 in the text book;

Work in groups and have a discussion on issues related to language learning.

1) List as many similarities and differences as you can think of in terms o flearning English and Chinese, and write them down in sdthe space provided.

2) Is Chinese as difficult for a foreigner to learn as English is for a Chinese?Given reasons to support your view.

3) Do you think motivation is a very important factor in leraning a foreign language? Are you highly motivated to learn English? Why or Why not?

Method: Using task-based language teaching method, communicative approach.

Step 3. Check Ss’ understanding of T ext B;

Do Checking Y our V ocabulary and Checking Y our Comprehension

Method:Using CAI, PPT, Reading the text together; Using task-based language teaching method, reading approach, grammar-translation approach.

Step 4. Some after-text exercises;

1) Words in Action, Grammar Review, Cloze and Translation.

2) Theme-related writing:.

Before Ss start drafting their pasage, the teacher may do the following:

Step 1: Allocate about 10 minutes for small-group brainstorming;

Step 2: Ask Ss to list one by one all the reasons they can think of;

Step 3: Introduce words that are very often used in listing, e.g. first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

Method:Using CAI, PPT, task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach.

Step 5. Assignment

1) Theme –related writing: Why I like / hate to learn English

2) Previewing of the next unit.

Method: Using task-based method.

新世纪大学英语系列教程第版综合教程答案

Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ■ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: positive startled perspective harden shape address crises curse incredible 10) conversely 11) issue 12) response 13) prior 14) rare 15) accomplish 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: get the hang of have lived through makes a difference have no idea concerned with slipped over ran into in reverse mull over ■ I ncreasing Your Word Power 1. D ecide whether “do ”, “make ”or “take ”is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. ■ A nswers: does make take do make Take done taken making ))))))))) ))))))))) ))))))))) 10) took

新世纪大学英语4课后答案

Text A compelled 迫使destruction 破坏eternal 永恒的output 产量retreat 撤退threaten 威胁transfer 转移Text B bare 赤裸consumed 耗尽have emerged 出现hollow 空心mass 大量miracle 奇迹pile 一堆scrape擦spark 火星thereby 由此tipped 顶端trigger 触发 1. If you had had a spark of consideration for your family ,you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks. 如果你有为你的家人多一点考虑，你就不会有那么多愚蠢的风险。 2. Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines. 由于缺乏劳动力这个村的妇女甚至被迫在煤矿工作。 3. We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded, while others bare and wild. 我们穿过了美丽的农村巨大的群山，其中一些美丽的绿色和繁茂的，而其他人赤裸的和野生。 4. The cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands. 清洁脱掉外套，开始擦去炉上的灰烬随着他的赤裸的双手。 5. People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed. 人们已经感受到环境破坏方面的威胁，因为有60％的森林已被破坏 6. The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private can this year due to the improved working efficiency. 汽车公司已经看到了今年由于提高了工作效率，私人产量大幅增加。 7. Under the severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat from front. 在敌机的严厉打击下，前面的部队被迫撤退。 8. When I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses, I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison. 当我来到一个长颈鹿躺在草，我发现它已经被带毒尖矛杀死。 9. He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a(n) miracle. 他在无遮档的小船上呆了八天,又无食物,还活下来了,这真是个奇迹。 10. Survival of the Fittest is an eternal truth of nature. 适者生存是一个自然界的永恒的真理。 11. His hear sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails, memos and telephone messages on his desk. 他听到沉没时，他看到邮件的新的一堆，在他的书桌上的备忘录和电话留言。 12. The military government refused to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government. 军事政府拒绝将权力移交给一个民选的文官政府. 13. In that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war, and there is a real danger of mass starvation. 在那个地区近六百万人受到干旱和内战的影响，并有大规模饥荒的一个真正的危险。 14. Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail, thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust. 谁是严重不负责任的邮政服务人员故意延迟发送邮件，致使公共信任的巨大损失。 15. With the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises, various kinds of financial disputes have emerged. 随着外资企业的增加，各类经济纠纷的出现。 16. The earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life. 地震可能引发的山体滑坡造 成巨大的破坏和生命损失。 17. Deforesting and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environment. 毁林和全球变暖的威胁破坏我们的环境的当前和未来的态。 18. It was reported that almost 7 million liters consumed during the 16-day beer festival in Germany that year. 据报道，每年大约7000000 公升的啤酒节的16 天在德国消耗。 19. On a bitterly cold night, the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of a great tree. 在一个寒冷的夜晚，他能找到的唯一的栖身之处是空心的大树的树干。

新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程三(New century college English Series coursebook three, )

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The, author, was, sure, that, he, should, write, because, he,, had, acquired, enough, knowledge. Three True False Please fill in the Script as required: At, the, very, beginning, the, author, did, not, know, that, technology, and, freedom,, were, related, other., to, each Four True False Please fill in the Script as required: By, acquiring, more, knowledge, people, may, find, that, today's, truth,, may, not, be, true, tomorrow. Five True False Please fill in the Script as required: In 1992, Brazil, suffered, a, lot, the, terrible, rains, because, its, forecasters, from, did, not,, know, the, beforehand., relevant, information

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Unit1 Working with words and expressions 1. 2. cloze Translation

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Nouns 1) technological technology 6) luxurious luxury 2) eternal eternity 7) leisurely leisure 3) miraculous miracle 8) subjective subject 4) relevant relevance 9) prosperous prosperity 5) analytical Analysis 10) innovative innovation 2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic 6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational 1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire 4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera

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陌生人的善意 1. 一年夏天，我从家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍城开车前往新奥尔良。在沙漠深处，我碰到一个年轻人站在路旁。他一只手打出拇指向外的手势，另一只手里拿着一个汽油罐。我直接从他身边开过去了。别人会停下来的，我想。再说，那汽油罐只是个让车停下、好抢劫司机的幌子而已。在这个国家，曾有那么一段时间，你要是对需要帮助的人置之不理，大家会认为你是混蛋，而如今你要是帮了你就是笨蛋。到处潜伏着犯罪团伙、吸毒上瘾者、杀人犯、强奸犯、盗窃犯还有劫车犯，为什么要冒险呢？“我不想卷进去”已经成为全国性的信条。 2. 开过了几个州以后，我还在想着那个想搭便车的人。把他一个人留在沙漠中倒并没有让我有多么不安。让我不安的是，我多么轻易地就做出了这个决定。我甚至根本没把脚从油门上抬起来。我很想知道，现在还有人会停车吗？ 3. 我想到我此行的目的地——新奥尔良。那里是田纳西·威廉姆斯的剧作《欲望号街车》的背景地。我回想起布兰奇·杜波依斯的名句：“我总是依赖陌生人的善意。” 4. 陌生人的善意。听起来好怪。如今这年头还有谁能指望陌生人的善意吗？ 5. 要验证这一点，一个办法是一个人从东海岸旅行到西海岸，不带一分钱，完全依靠美国同胞的善意。他会发现一个什么样的美国？谁会给他饭吃、让他歇脚、捎他一程呢？ 6. 这个念头激起了我的好奇心。但谁会这么不切实际、愿意去尝试这样一次旅行呢？好吧，我想，那不如我来试试？ 7. 满37岁那个星期，我意识到我这辈子还从没冒过什么险呢。所以我决定来个观念的跨越，美洲大陆那么宽——从太平洋去大西洋，不带一分钱。要是有人给我钱，我会拒绝。我只接受搭顺风车、提供食物和让我歇脚的帮助。这将是穿越这片金钱至上的土地上一次无钱的旅行。我的最终目的地是北卡罗来纳州的“恐惧角”（即开普菲尔），它象征着我沿途必须克服的所有恐惧。 8. 1994年9月6日，我早早起床，背起一个50磅重的包，朝金门桥走去。我从背包里拿出一个牌子，向过路的车辆展示我的目的地：“美利坚”。 9. 司机们隔着挡风玻璃念出这个词，然后笑了。两个女人骑自行车经过。“有点含混，”其中一个说。一名带有德国口音的年轻男士走上前来问，“你这个‘美利坚’在哪儿？”10. 实际上，整整六个星期的时间里我试图找出答案。我搭了82次便车，行程4223英里，穿越了14个州。在旅途中，我发现其他人跟我一样有担心。人们总是在警告我当心别的某个地方。在蒙大拿州，他们叫我留神怀俄明州的牛仔，而在内布拉斯加州，人们提醒我说艾奥瓦州的人可不如他们友好。 11. 然而，在我所去的每个州，我都受到了友善的对待。我诧异于美国人执意帮助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看来与自己的最大利益相冲突时他们也绝不袖手旁观。有一天，在内布拉斯加，一辆四门小轿车在路肩停下。我走到车窗边，看到两位穿着节日盛装的瘦小老妇人。12. “我知道这年头不该带搭便车的，但这里前不着村后不着店的，不停车感觉真不好。”自称“维”的司机说。她和姐姐海伦是去内布拉斯加的安斯沃思看眼疾的。 13. 她们为我停了车，我都不知道是该亲吻她们呢还是该责备她们。这个女人是在告诉我，她宁肯冒生命危险也不愿意因为没为一个站在路边的陌生人停车而感到内疚。她们在一个高速路口把我放下时，我望着维。我们俩异口同声地说，“小心。” 14. 有一次我在雨中没能搭上便车。一名长途卡车司机停了车，他把刹车踩得那么重，车子都在草地路肩上滑行了一段。司机告诉我他有一次被搭便车的人持刀抢劫了。“但我不愿意看到有人在雨里站着。”他补充说，“现在大家都没有良心了。” 15. 然而，我发现，总体而言，人们还是挺有同情心的。艾奥瓦州一对中年夫妇为了帮我找宿营地领着我走了一个小时。在南达科他州，一个女人让我在她家住了一晚之后递给我两张

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2. ⑴ highly/very (2) quite/very quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. 4. No Mistake especia l especially necessarily f necessary freque nt f freque ntly No Mistake easily f easy No Mistake in dividually f in dividual much f many high f highly appare ntly f appare nt remarkably f remarkable probable f probably No Mistake (III) Grammar Task 1: ⑴ would/should (2) should/would (3) might ⑷ would ⑸ must (6) can' (7) should would (8) must 可编辑

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Unit4新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程2

Unit 4 Text A New words and Expressions 1. respect: n.a particular point or detail Grace was a fine woman — perfect in almost every respect. Collocations: in this respect在这个方面in every respect 在各个方面 in some respects 在有些方面in any respect 在任何方面in no respect绝不 2. as regards:on the subject of; concerning Could you elaborate on your government policy as regards environmental protection? There are no special rules as regards what clothes you should wear. 至于应该穿什么衣服, 并没有硬性规定。 3. cut off: ①to cause sb. to die sooner than is normal 使夭折 Disease cut Smith off in the best part of his life ②to remove sth. (from sth. larger) by cutting切下He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. ③to stop, interrupt or isolate中断Several villages have been cut off by the snow. ④to separate sth. by cutting it away from the main part 切断Don’t cut your fingers off! 4. inquire: v.to ask for information She inquired of me most politely whether I wished to continue Collocations inquire about查问；查明inquire after问候；问安 inquire for查询(货物)；求见inquire into查究；调查 CF: ask, demand, inquire & question这些动词均含有“问”，“询问”之意。 ask最为普通，可与demand, inquire和question换用，但ask用于口语中，指提出问题让人回答。例如： demand指根据自己的权利、职责或身份认为有必要弄清情况而正式发问，常隐含命令对方回答的意味。例如： inquire比较正式，指为得到真实情况而详细询问或调查了解。例如： question指因感到可疑或为了解情况，弄清究竟而发问，有时指一连串的发问。例如：5. part: v.to separate or divide If we must part, I hope we can be friends.如果我们必须分手，我希望我们分了手还是朋友。 6. exclaim: v.to cry out suddenly and loudly for pain, anger, surprise, etc. He could not help exclaiming at how much his son has grown. CF: cry, shout, exclaim & scream这些动词的均有“喊”，“叫”之意。 cry一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。 shout指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、不满、发命令或唤起注意等。 exclaim多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。 scream指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出尖叫声 7. keen: adj. 1) sharp, active, sensitive Dogs have a keen sense of smell. 2) intense, strong, deep After retirement, he had a keen sense of loss. 退休后，他有一种强烈的失落感。 3) eager, enthusiastic She was not very keen on football. CF: sharp, acute & keen 这些形容词均有“锐利的”，“敏锐的”，“机敏的”之意。

新世纪大学英语课文翻译

UNIT1 人在自然界 1) 人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。 2) 人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。 3) 随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。 4) 然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。 5) 目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。 6) 现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。 7) 久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？

新世纪大学英语综合教程1教材答案

新世纪大学英语综合教程1教材答案 The Answers to Unit 1 Enhance Your Language Awareness (I)Working with Words and Expressions 2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid… of (8) cleared up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II)Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. 4.No Mistake especial→especially necessarily →necessary frequent → frequently No Mistake easily → easy No Mistake i ndividually → individual m uch → many

新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程1 课文翻译及答案Unit1

优等生的秘诀 1 一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。 2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个基本原则。首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。 3 学生还必须学会有条理。举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。 4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。 5 老师们提倡的致胜秘诀是尽力让自己的作业整洁。有位老师说，学生交上整洁作业就已向高分迈进了一步。在课堂上大胆发言和提问也同样重要，这或许是学生澄清疑问的最好办法。课堂参与还能反映一个学生的求知欲。有个学生概括得好，“好成绩来自透彻的理解”。

新世纪大学英语综合教程第一册课后答案(全)

2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid… of (8) cleare d up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II)Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b

(5) b (6) d

2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. 4.No Mistake especial→ especially necessarily → necessary frequent → frequently No Mistake ea sily → easy No Mistake i ndividually → individual m uch → many h igh → highly a pparently → apparent r emarkably → remarkable p robable → probably No Mistake (III)Grammar Task 1: (1)would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would