comduction bands 导带
alaki metals 碱金属
atomic radius 原子半径
overlap of orbital energies 轨道的重叠
the ion lattice 离子晶格
solid solution 固溶体
delocalized electrous 离域电子
electronic structure 电子结构
electrochemical cell 化学电池
nuclear charge 核电荷
electrical conductivity 导电性
the purification or raw materials 原材料的提纯
long-chain alkane molecules 长键烷烃
glass beaker 玻璃烧杯
viscous liquid 粘性液体
spark plug insulator 火花塞绝缘体
glass ceramics 玻璃陶瓷
computer-assisted process control 计算机辅助工艺控制
surface analytical methods 表面分析方法
glass transition temperature 玻璃转变温度
ionic-covalent bonding 离子共价键
stress distuibotion 应力分布
coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数
glass optioal fiber 玻璃纤维
matericals science and engineering 材料科学与工程
solid-oxide fuel 固体氧化物燃料电池
electron micooscopes 电子显微镜
the electron configuration 电子结构 电子形态
polycrystalline ceramics 多晶陶瓷
the oxygen content 氧含量
the oxide coating 氧化物涂层
the electron beam 电子树
electrical insulators 电绝缘体
the industrial risks 工业危险
upper respiratory tract 上呼吸道
crystalline ceramics 结晶陶瓷
grain boundaries 晶粒边界
alkaline metal oxide 碱金属氧化物
oxide additive 氧化物添加剂
triole point 三相点
saturation magnetization 饱和磁化强度
television tube 电视显像管
color scale 颜色标度
protective response 保护性反应
bioactive ceramics 生物活性陶瓷
pyrolytic carbon coatings 高温裂解碳涂层
the reinforcement phase 增强体相
a grain growth inhibotor 晶体生长抑制剂
ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethulene 超高分子量聚合物
contralled reaction 控制反应
stress shieding 应力屏蔽
total hip prosthesis 全髋关节置换术
mechanical stress 机械应力
tlexural strength 弯曲强度
martensitic transformation 马氏体相变
In chemistry,a mental is defined as an element that readily loses electrons to from positive ions and froms metillic bonds between other metal atoms。在化学领域,金属被定义为一个元素易丢失主要电子形成带正电的离子,且与其他原子形成金属键
The nondirectional nature of matallic bonding is thought to be the primary reason for the malleability of metal金属键没有方向性被认为是金属有延展性的原因
Crystals with covalent bond can only be deformed by breaking the bonds between atoms,thereby resulting in fragmentation of the crystal。只有破坏原子之间的共价键,共价键晶体才会变形,从而导致晶体破碎
Alloys specially desigend for highly demanding applications,such as jet engines,may contain more than ten element。合金被设计用于高科技领域,如喷气飞机的引擎,其成分包含多种元
素。
metals are sometimes discribed as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons。金属有时被描述为由游离电子团包围的正离子晶格。
Metals in general have superior electric and thermal conductivity,high luster and density,and the ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving。通常的,金属具有良好的导电性和导热性,具有金属光泽,密度较大,并且具有在压力下变形而不会断裂的能力。
An alloy is a mixture of two or more element in solid solution in which the major component is a metal 合金是指两种或两种以上的元素形成的固溶体混合物,其中主要组分为金属
Combining different ratios of metals as alloys modifies the properties of pure metals to produe desirable characteristic。不同比率的金属结合成为合金可以改变纯金属的性质,从而产生所需的性能
We will look at some properties and see how closely they match our expections what consitutes a ceramic 我们考察这些性质然后与我们所期待的陶瓷组成做对比。
At high temperatures(above the glass transition temperature),glass no longer behaves in a brittle manner;it behaves a viscous liquid。在较高的温度下(高于玻璃的转变温度),玻璃不在表现出易碎的性质,而是表现出粘性液体的性质。
They wxhibit superior mechanical properties,corrosion/oxidation oxidation resistance,or electrical,optical,and/or magnetic properties。他们表现出优异的力学,抗氧化性,耐腐蚀性或电学,光学,或磁学性能。
While traditional clay-based ceramics have been used forover 25000years,advanced ceramics have generally been developed within the 100 years。传统陶瓷使用已超过25000年的历史,然而先进陶瓷仅仅有100多年的发展史。
Diamond,which is classified as a ceramics ,has the hightest thermal conductivity of any known matericals。作为陶瓷的金刚石是所知材料中具有最高导热性的材料。
Ceramic are stronger in compression than in tension whereas metal have comparable tensile and compressive strengths。陶瓷的压缩强度大于拉伸强度,而金属的压缩强度与拉伸强度相当
Ceramics generally have low toughness,although combining them in composites can dramatically improve this property。尽管陶瓷与复合材料的结合可以显著改善陶瓷的韧性,但是在通常情况下陶瓷的韧性比较差。
The functions of ceramics products are dependent on their chemical composition and microstructure,which determines their properties。陶瓷的功能取决于它们的化学组成和微机构,正是这些化学组成与微结构决定着它们的性能
The field of materials science and engineering is often defined by the interrelationship between four topics-synthesis and processing,structure and composition,properties,andperformance。在材料科学与工程领域内
,经常在四个方面被定义,这四个方面分别是:加工与合成;结构,性质,性能
Not only perfect lattices and ideal structure have to be considered but also the presence of structural defects that are unavoidable in all materials,even the amorphous ones。 我们不仅要考虑完美的晶体喝晶形结构,而且还要考虑所有材料中不可避免出现的甚至出现在无定形材料中的结构缺陷。
Reduction in porosity may be achieved by hot pressing to ensure a high-density product。通过热压的方法,可以减少孔隙率,从而得到高密度的产品
when shipping the material,the manufacturer stupplies information on tthe hazards associated with product。在运输材料的过程中,生产商会在产品中提供产品危险性的说明。
To understand the behavior and properties of any material,it is essential to understand its structure。想要了解任一材料的行为与性能,有必要先了解它的结构。
The grain size is determined by the size of the initial powder particles and the way in which they were consolidated。晶体尺寸是由初始粉体颗粒的大小和它们的凝结方式所决定的。
Transparent or translucent ceramics require that we limit the scattering of light by pores and second-phase particles。透明与半透明陶瓷需要限制由气孔和二相粒子引起的光的散射。
Alumina ceramics are used as electrical insulators because high electrical resistivity and low dielectric constant。因为氧化铝陶瓷具有高电阻率和低介电常数,所以他可以用作电的绝缘体。
Biomaterial is a non-viable materials used in a medical device intended to interact with biological systems。生物材料是应用到医疗器械中并与生物系统发生相互作用的一种非活性材料。
These repairs become necessary when the existing part becomes diseased,damaged,or just simply wears out。当现有的机体部分发生病变顺坏
Materials selection is a critical part of any component design process and is especially important for implants and other medical devices。