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被动语态

被动语态

一.定义:语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的。如果主语是动作的执行者,动词要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,动词就要用被动语态。

二.构成

1.一般现在时:

S(主语)+am/is /are +过去分词

They make shoes in that factory.

主语+及物动词+宾语

Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.

2. 一般过去时:S+was/were +过去分词

They bought ten computers last term.

Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.

3.一般将来时:

S+ will+be+过去分词

They will finish the work in ten days.

The work will be finished (by them) in ten days.

4. 情态动词:

S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词

Amy can take good care of Gina

Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.

5. 现在进行时:

S主语+ am/is/are + being +过去分词

Some workers are painting the rooms now.

The rooms are being painted by some workers now.

6. 过去进行时:

S+ was/were+being+过去分词

I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.

My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night

7. 现在完成时:

S+ have/has + been+过去分词

We have made twenty more keys.

Twenty more keys have been made by us.

三.语态转换时要注意的问题

1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

A new computer has been bought. (正确)

A new computer have been bought. (错误)

2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

I was given a present on my birthday

3. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。

若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词:

look at, observe, see, notice, watch; make, let, have , hear, listen to, feel等。

巧记:这些动词为“五看三使役,两听一感觉

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

I was made to go out of the classroom by the teacher.

4.有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有:write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。如:

The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。

The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。

The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。

The books sell well. (主动句)

对比:

The books were sold out. (被动句)

The meat didn't cook well. (主动句)

对比:

The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句)

四. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句:

1,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如:feel,look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。——Do you like the material?

——Yes, it feels very soft.

误:It is felt very soft.

The food tastes delicious.

误:The food is tasted delicious.

The pop music sounds beautiful.

误:The pop music is sounded beautiful.

2,谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如:

He entered the room and got his book.

误:The room was entered and his book was got.

She had her hand burned.

误:Her hand was had burned.

3,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如:take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如:

The fire broke out in the capital building.

误:The fire was broke out in the capital building.

4,不及物动词没有被动语态,如:rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。

1)When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

误:The sun had already been risen.

2)After the earthquake, few houses remained.

误:After the earthquake, few houses were remained.

5,宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语,如:

I taught myself English.

误:Myself was taught English.

We love each other.

误:Each other is loved.

基础训练写出下列词的过去分词

spend lose burn learn mean teach

begin

drink

ring

sing

swim

cost

cut

专项训练

一.翻译句子。(使用被动语态)

1.我们每天清理教室

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

2.父母要求我们努力学习

I am asked to study hard.

3. 刀用来切东西

Knives are used for cutting things.

4.我的包包昨天被偷了

My bag was stolen yesterday

5.饺子是昨天包的。

The dumpling were made yesterday

6.我的房间昨天打扫了

My room was cleaned yesterday

7.这栋楼去年建的。

The building was built last year

8. 明年这里会建一间新医院

A new hospital will be built here.

9.明年要种植许多树。

Many more trees will be planted next year.

10.明年这里会建一间新电影院

A new hospital will be built here.

11. 小树必须经常浇水

Young trees must be watered often.

12现在你的错误必须改正

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

13.你的作业可以明天上交

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

14.必须按时完成工作

The work must be finished on time

15. 汤姆现在正在修理单车

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

16.他们正在种树

Trees are being planted over there by them.

17.现在房间正在打扫。

The room is being repaired then

18. 那时,他正在修建一座桥

Bridge was being built by him at that time .

19.那时,他们正在讨论那个计划

The plan was being discussed by them at that time .

20. 她已经学了许多英语单词

Many English words have been learned by her .

21.他已经完成这项工作

The work has been finished by him .

22.这本书已经翻译成多国语言

This book has been translated into many languages.

二.选择题

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built

B. Was; built

C. Does; build

D. Did ; build

( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened

B. was happened

C. is happened

D. happened

( )3.Cotton(棉花)____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown

B. are grown

C. grows

D. grow

( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A. is visited

B. will be visited

C. has been visited

D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given

B. has been given

C. will be given

D. gives

( )6.How many trees ____ this year?

A. are planted

B. will plant

C. have been planted

D. planted ( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing

B. are being done

C. has been done

D. will be done ( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.

A. did; use

B. was; used

C. is; used

D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A. knows

B. knew

C. is known

D. was known ( )10.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; written

B. was; written by

C. did; written

D. was; written ( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A. was told us

B. was told to us

C. is told us

D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

A. jump

B. jumps

C. jumped

D. to jump ( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

A. puts

B. can be put

C. can be putted

D. can put ( )14.Older people ____ well.

A. looks after

B. must be looked after

C. must look after

D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A. should be listened to

B. should be listen

C. be listened

D. is listened

三、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面)

1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________(build)in two months.

2.Where to have the meeting ______________ (discuss)now.

3.Which language _______the most widely_______(speak)in the world?

4.The lost boy_____________(not find)so far.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e614085617.html,st year a large number of trees______________(cut)down.

6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?

They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.

10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?

11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.

13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.

14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.

15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?

16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.

17. Look! Someone __________(dance).

四、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。

1.Is tea grown in South China?(改为主动语态)

_______ people _________ tea in South China?

2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year.(同义句转换)

A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year.

3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)

How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ?

4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)

An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.

5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)

It ______ ________ ________ by you now.

6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)

Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.

7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)

I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.

8.They are watching the football match.

The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)

__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago?

10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)

The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.

11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)

The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.

五、根据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词。(1×10=10分)

①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ (买给我)by my parents as a present last week.

②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________(是国产的吗)?

③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow.

五、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。(10分)

①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight.____________

②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class?____________

③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people.____________

④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________

⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________

Answers

一、选择题(2×15=30分)

1. B

2. D

3.A

4. C

5.

6.C

7.B

8.B

9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(1×20=20分)(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)

1.will be built

2. is being discussed

3. is spoken

4. hasn’t been found

5. were cut

6.are told

7. must be sent

8. are sold

9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing

三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。(1×30=30分)

1.Do, grow

2. is given to me

3.soon is

4. will be sung

5. needn’t be done

6. is used for

7. was made to do

8. is being watched

9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called

四、根据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词。(1×10=10分)

①was bought for me ②Is made in China ③covered with

五、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。(10分)

①be done改为do②listened改为listened to ③remembered 改为was remembered

④is sounded 改为sounds ⑤By who 改为By whom

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