高考语法 复习简单句、并列句、复合句

简单句、并列句、复合句

一）英语中句子的分类

1、按句子的用途可分四种：

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before.

2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：

Eg. Do they like reading? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句： Get out. Be careful, boys. Don’t talk in class

4）感叹句：what a beautiful building it is! == How beautiful the building is!

2、按句子的结构可分三种

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike enjoy country music.

We sang and danced yesterday evening.

简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.

2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各种句子都是由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。我们常说：All right! Good! Any help?这些是“完整的意义单位”，但不是真正的句子。“Made in China”是正确的英语但它不是句子，因为没有主语。当然主语也可能藏而不露，如“Open the door.”

2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。其基本结构为：分句+并列连词+分句。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…,

neither…nor…, so, on (the) one hand…on the other hand等连接。

e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

Not only did the restaurant overcharge me , but they hadn’t served me well.

餐馆不仅要价太高，而且对我的服务也不周到。

Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 他既没有改变主意，也不打算这样做。

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。

e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

3、表示转折和对比关系，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while等。

e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. Some experiments are difficult while others are easy. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore, thus 等。

e.g. August is the time of the year for harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

3）复合句：又叫做主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只用作句子的一个成分。从句担任什么句子成分，这个从句就叫做什么从句。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。例句：

Because they talk at home while the television is on, many people think they can talk at movies as well .

（状语从句）许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话，所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。

Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me .（主语从句）他来与不来对我都一样。

There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.

（宾语从句）什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。

China is not what it used to be. （表语从句）中国不是它过去的样子了。

Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals?

（同位语从句）有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品？

Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government.

（定语从句）税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。

在一个句子中，不同的单词、短语等起着不同的作用。在句中起不同作用的单词、短语等叫做句子成分。

句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀

句子成分学记口诀

主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。

英语简单句五种基本句型

基本句型一: 主+系+表 ( S + V + C )

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.

系动词：1.表示状态的连系动词有: be seem keep remain appear stay prove 等；2.表示感觉的连系动词有: look feel smell sound taste 等；3. 表示转变的连系动词有:become fall get go grow turn。

（be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义. ）

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典.

2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好.

3. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了

4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了.

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮.

基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词) ( S + V )

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等.

1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着.

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了.

3. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系.

4. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时.

5. The pen │writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利.

基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾 ( S + V +O )

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.

1. Who │knows │the answer？谁知道答案？

2. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书.

3. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误.

基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾） ( S + V + IO + DO )

此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳.

2. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片.

3. He │bought │you │a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.

4. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了.

5. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器.

基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）( S + V + IO + DO )

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.

1. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色.

2. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住.

3. What │makes │him │think so？他怎么会这样想？.

4. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去.

5. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来.

6. I │saw │them │getting on the bus at that time. 我看见他们当时在上了那辆公共汽车.

练习

一、请判断下列句子的结构类型：

1. He is running.

2. The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.

3. The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.

4. She seemed angry.

5. My father bought me a beautiful present.

6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？

7.Will you tell us an exciting story？

8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.

9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.

10.Can you push the window open？

11. The landlord had them working day and night.

12.They will be flying to London.

13. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.

14.My heart is beating loudly.

15.Trees turn green in spring

16.You must get the car ready by tomorrow.

17.I have a lot of clothes to wash.

18.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.

二、翻译

(1) 基本句型一: 主+系+表

1. 我喜欢的运动是游泳。__________________________________________

2. 这故事听起来很有趣。__________________________________________

(2) 基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)

1.时间很快过去了。_________________________________________________________

2.这几年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。_________________________________________

(3) 基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾

1.昨晚大约九点的时候，我正在做作业。__________________________________________

2.盼望能尽早见到你。________________________________________________________ (4) 基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾）

1. 去年王老师教我们英语。___________________________________________________

2. 明天我要给他写封信，告诉他这个好消息。_____________________________________ (5)基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）

1. 当时我看到那些孩子在河边玩。_____________________________________________

2昨天我的钱包让人给偷了。_________________________________________________

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2 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…s o…, as if, as thou gh引导。 1）as, (just) as…s o…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时a s从句带有比喻的含

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简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换 审稿：白雪雁责编：张敏 句型转换是句子类别的转换，其目的在于检测学生运用各种句型的表达能力，才能在考试的评分中得到较高档次的分数。这就要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚，懂得各种句型如何转换，运用准确，这有利于提高英语口语和书面表达能力。 简单句与复合句之间的互变 很多复合句和简单句可以互变，意思上不发生太大的变化。在很多情况下，是将复合句里的从句变为一个短语。不论是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，在一定的情况下都可以这样转换。 主语从句有时可以和短语互换，它既可以是不定式短语也可以是动名词短语。 (1) When and where we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed． →When and where to hold the meeting is still to be discussed． (2) It worried her a great deal that her son would stay up so late． →Her son’s staying up so late worried her a great deal． (3) What we had to do was to stand there，trying to catch the offender． →We had to stand there to catch the offender． 表语从句有时可以和短语互换，与它互换的可以是不定式短语和动名词短语。 My idea is that we should do it right now． →My idea is to do it fight now． 在某些动词的后面宾语从句可以和一个动名词短语或不定式短语互换． (1) I regret that I had told you the secret． →I regret telling you the secret． (3) They don’t know whether they shall carry out the old plan or not． →They don’t know whether to carry out the old plan or not． 个别的同位语从句也可以和一个短语互换。 The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging． →The news of our being invited to the conference is very encouraging 有些定语从句可以和一个不定式短语，分词短语或介词短语互换。 (1) Can those who are seated at the back of the classroom hear me? →Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me? (2) What are the most important measures we should take? →What are the important measures to be taken? (3) The young man who was in the possession of the firm was at a desk． →The young man in the possession of the firm was at a desk． 状语从句和短语互换的情形很多，常用分词短语来替代状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件。用不定式短语来替代状语从句，表示目的、结果、原因；另外介词短语可以和表示时间、原因、条件、让步等状语从句互换。

简单句并列句复合句

简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn 't hear of you before. 2 ）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don 't talaksisn cl 4 ）感叹句：How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种： 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1 、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student. 2 、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+ 宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+ 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+ 复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 （三）并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only …but also …,neither …nc等连接。n e.g. The teacher 's name is Smith, and the student ' s name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either …or …,othen等Se e.g. Hurry up, or you ' ll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.