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语法(非谓语动词)

商丘第一高级中学 2012-2013学年上学期高三英语复习学案非谓语动词编制：梁永峰陈浩审核：刘征教研组长：梁永峰，齐璞

非谓语动词 (一)不定式

非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式，动词ing 形式(v-ing)及过去分词(ed 分词)。

不定式的基本形式是由“to+ 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是not to do ，不定式可以带自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语，不作谓语。如：

Lucy asked him to turn up the radio. To make a plan first is a good idea.

write 为例：

(1)不定式的时态：

①不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或是在谓语动词之后发生，不定式用一般式，如： It seems that he knows this. He seems to know this. I hope that I'll see you again. I hope to see you again.

②不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，并强调动作正在进行的情景，或持续性，不定式用进行式，如：

He pretended that he was listening to English course when I came in. He pretended to be listening to English course when I came in. I am very glad that I am working with you. I am very glad to be working with you.

③不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，不定式用完成式，如： I am sorry that I have put you so much trouble. I am sorry to have put you so much trouble. It seems that I have met you somewhere before. I seem to have met you somewhere before.

④如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，不定式用完成进行时，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。如：

She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours. The rain was said to have been falling for a week.

(2)不定式的语态：当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时，不定式一般用被动式。如： This is the plan to be discussed at today's meeting.

The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.

Whether most countries can use natural energy in future remains to be seen. 2. 不定式的作用 (1)不定式作主语：

To say is one thing; to do is another. To read novels is my hobby.

it 形式主语常常代替作主语的不定式，而将不定式或不定式短语放在后面。 To talk with him is a great pleasure. It is great pleasure to talk with him.

To make electricity by building a dam across the sea is possible. It is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.

注意：①To see is to believe. 主语和表语都是不定式，不能用it 代替：It is to believe to see 是错误的。

②To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly. 而finish 与finishing 放在than 后面都是不合适的，因为前面句子的主语是to answer ，后面的主语也要是to finish, 保持than 前后句子结构平行。

(2)不定式作表语：不定式在系词后面作表语。

At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper. This suit doesn't seem to fit me.

The problems remain to be unsettled.

(3)不定式作宾语：在下列及物动词后，常跟不定式作宾语：want, need, hope, wish, expect, like, hate, try, manage, forget, remember, know, begin, start, intend, plan, mean, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn等。

To keep the water clean, you need to get some under water plants.

I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.

They have decided to visit the nature park for the milu deer.

注意：不定式作宾语时，有时用“it”替换，it为形式宾语，而将真正的不定式作宾语后置，如：

I found to learn English well not easy.

I found it not easy to learn English well.

I feel to help others my duty.

I feel it my duty to help others.

(4)不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语：通常用于及物动词或动词短语之后，如：

Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.

What caused you to change your mind?

在被动语态was considered后面，不定式为主语补足语接不定式作宾补和主补的动词常有:

ask, beg, cause, call n, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell

等。

(其中没有hope sb. to do, suggest sb. to do和agree sb. to do)

注意：①不定式作宾语补足语，在部分感官及使役动词后，用不带to的不定式作宾补，常用的动词有：let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel等，help有无to都可以，如：The teacher had us recite the text every day.

The boss made his men work all the night.

把上面句子变成被动语态后，不定式成为句子的主语补足语，需带to，即在被动语态中不定式一律带to，不存在省略问题。

注意：②在谓语动词think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作宾补，不跟to do，但其中有些可跟to have done作宾补。如：

imagine…to be

Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.

find…to be

We found him(to be)honest.

suppose…to be/suppose…to have done.

I suppose him to be about fifty.

We suppose him to have stolen it.

(5)不定式作定语：不定式作定语，有时与前面被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词，如：

I have a meeting to attend. (attend the meeting)

及物动词+ 宾语

Pass me a piece of paper to write on. (write on the paper)

不及物动词+ 介词+ 宾语

在time, place, way后面的不定式省略介词，如：

He had no money and no place to live.

其他不定式作定语情况，如：

I have no chance to go abroad.

They had never moment to rest.

注意：there be句型中的不定式作定语用主动或被动都可以

There is a lot of work to do. =There is a lot of work to be done.

There is no time to lose. =There is no time to be lost.

但是在下列句子中，不定式主动与被动形式意义不同：

——Have you anything to wash?

——No, nothing. I plan to go shopping.

不定式动作的执行者是you. you wash something

——Have you anything to be washed?

——No, Thank you.

不定式动作的执行者不是you. 是省略了的(…to be washed)by me或by someone else.

不定式作状语：

①作目的状语：

I got up early in order to catch the 6∶30 train.

The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.

注意：so as to不能置于句首，in order to可以。

②作原因状语：

He smiled to think of his clever plan.

③在某些形容词后面作状语：

I am glad to see you.

You are sure to succeed.

④作结果状语：

第一, I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. (出乎意料的结果) 第二，too…to…“太……以至于不……”(to 后面译作否定) He is too old to read.

The boy is too young to dress himself.

当不定式前的形容词为nervous, pleased, willing, delighted, happy, glad 等时，too…to ，“to…”可译作肯定，

They are too nervous to leave. 他们急于离开当too 前有only, 即only too…to 译作肯定 I am only too pleased to help you. 当不定式前有否定意义的词时译作肯定

We are never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。第三，形容词/副词enough to do sth. He was quick enough to catch the ball. The girl is old enough to go to school.

第四，so…as to/such…as to 如此……以致于…… He was so angry that he was unable to speak. He was so angry as to be unable to speak. He was such a fool that he believed the cheat. He was such a fool as to believe the cheat.

⑤不定式作方面状语，不定式作方面状语与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动结构，如果不定式为及物动词，后面不必再跟宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，要用相应的介词，如：

The mountain is difficult to climb. (动宾关系：climb the mountain) 不定式不说to climb it 或to be climbed

Lesson Two is easy to learn. (动宾关系：learn Lesson Two) 有时由形容词+ to do 结构一起做宾语补足语

3. 不定式的逻辑主语：不定式的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语，如He seemed to be reading something, 当需要明确指出不定式动作的执行者时，用for/of sb. (sth. )to do sth. 表示，如：

(1)当作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行，性格，性质时，要用of ，常见的这类形容词有:

brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, good, honest, clever, wise, unwise, stupid, foolish, rude, cruel, silly, thoughtful, impolite, polite, right, wrong, 等。这时It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. /sth. to do sth. 句型，等于sb. /sth. + be+ 形容词to do sth. , 如：

It is very kind of you to say so.

相当于You are very kind to say so. It is clever of him to win the competition. He is clever to win the competition.

It+ be+ 形容词+ for sb. /sth. to do sth. 这一句型中的形容词大多为：

easy, important, usual, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary 等。这些词只能说明不定式行为的是与非，不能说明不定式的执行者，所以不等于sb. + be+ 形容词+ to do sth. ，如：

1)It is difficult for beginners to read the book. 不能说：Beginners are difficult to read.

但是第一类，即It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. to do sth. 句型中的形容词，如right, impolite…等如果强调评论人用of ，强调评论行为也可用for ，应用情况如下：

(1)当sb. 为泛指时，形容词着重评论不定式行为本身，如： It was not right for the south to break away from the Union.

(2)当不定式为被动语态时，不定式的执行者常常省略，因此形容词只用来评论不定式行为了。 It was unkind for you to be laughed at. 总之for sb. to do sth. 强调不定式行为 of sb. to do sth. 强调不定式执行者

4. 带疑问词的不定式：动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when, whether 等连用，构成不定式短语，如：

The question is when to start.

They haven't agreed on whether to build a factory here or not.

what to say.

I don't know

what to write about. how to do it.

注意：没有if to do 和why to do. I don't know why to do it. (误) I don't know why I should do it. (正) 5. 不定式省略“to”的情况：

(1)当and 或or 连接同一概念的不定式时，或者当它们之间的关系并列一致时，可将and 或or 后面的to 省去，如：

I'd like to go and see a film. He had to have a job or go hungry.

但是，有时为了表示对照，或加强语气，则不可以省去to ，如： It is easier to say than to do.

(2)不定式在一部分感官或使役动词后面作宾补省略to。

(3)不定式在but(除了……以外)，except后面的使用，如果but, except前有行为动词do, but, except 后省去to，如：

They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.

The whole night he did nothing except watch TV.

(4)在固定句型中：would rather do…than do…/prefer to do rather than do:

1)The bus was so crowded that I'd rather walk home than take a bus.

2)I prefer to play tennis rather than(play)basketball.

6. “to”代表整个不定式：有时为了避免重复，省去不定式后面的内容，保留到不定式符号to, 如果是to be，保留到be，如：

——Will you please give him a message when you see him?

——I'll be glad to.

——Would you like to go shopping with me?

——I'd like to. (或I'd love to)

有时为了强调，也可以不省略。

Do what he or she tell you to do.

(二)动词-ing形式

动词-ing形式由动词原形+ ing构成。动词-ing形式起到名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独构成谓语，其构成形式如下，以do为例：

主动被动

一般时态doing being done

完成时态having done having been done

否定式：not+ 动词-ing.

Learning English is very important to me.

Having been widened, the road took on a different look.

随着-ing在句子中所做的成分不同，所用的时态和语态有不同的要求，关于-ing的时态和语态的详细使用，在下面ing所作的句子成分中讲述。

1. 动词-ing形式作主语：

Seeing is believing.

有时主语太长，可用it作形式主语，将真正主语放在后面。如：

It is fun swimming in a river or lake in summer.

注意：动词-ing与不定式作主语的区别：

①一般情况下可以换用：

It is dangerous playing/to play with fire.

但在口语中用动词-ing形式放在句首比不定式多。

Going shopping is a pleasant thing.

②在下列句型中习惯用-ing作主语，不用不定式：

It is no use

It is no good doing.

It is useless

It is useless only learning English grammar.

It is no good cutting down the forest.

③在there+ be+ no+ 主语结构中，必须用动词-ing作主语：

There is no telling what will happen in the future.

④主语和表语结构相同，对等。

Seeing is believing.

To see is to believe.

2. 动词-ing作宾语：

(1)在及物动词后：

Would you mind my sitting here?

We suggest going out for a picnic on Sunday.

(2)在介词后：

We look forward to seeing you again.

(3)在worth, busy, feel like, look like等形容词后面：

China Daily is well worth reading.

The firefighters were busy putting out the big fire.

They look like winning the relay race.

Suddenly I feel like eating something.

动词-ing做主语或宾语时，一般情况下其逻辑主语为句子的主语，如果需要自己的逻辑主语时，要用物主代词或名词所有格+ 动词-ing，如：

His/Li Ping's coming late, made the teacher unhappy.

Would you mind my/me smoking here?

当动词-ing不在句首时，可用人称代词宾格，名词普通格代替，但逻辑主语为无生命的名词，或泛指时，用普通格，如：

We heard the noise of desks being opened and closed.

3. 不定式与动词-ing作宾语的比较：

(1)在下列一些动词后面常跟动词-ing作宾语，而不跟不定式：

admit, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, fancy, forbid, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest 等。如：

He practices speaking English every day.

He admitted having broken the window.

I much appreciate your giving me the chance.

She dislikes doing housework.

He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.

(2)在下列一些动词后只跟不定式，不跟动词-ing作宾语：

want(想要)，hope, expect, wish, decide, would like, refuse, manage, pretend, demand, offer, a fford, plan, wonder, intend…等，如：

I am expecting to get a letter from my parents.

We are planning to build another research center.

I'd like to buy a new car made in the U. S. A.

(3)在下列一些动词后面跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，意义不同，如：

I remember doing this exercise before. 我记得以前做过这个练习。

Remember to post the book for me.

记住帮我把那本书寄走。

归纳：remember doing记得(做过的事，某事已做过)

remember to do记住(去做某事，某事还没做)

We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing. 我们忘不了听杰克逊唱歌的情景。

Don't forget to give my regards to them. 别忘了代我向他们问好

归纳：forget doing忘了(做过的事，某事已做过)

forget to do忘了(去做某事，某事还没做)

I'll try to improve my pronunciation. 我要努力去纠正，提高我的发音。

Since no one answered the front door, why not try knocking at the back door?

既然前门没人答应，为什么不试试后门呢?

归纳：try to do. 尽力去做某事

try doing(用另外一种方法)试一试，试试看

I suggest we stop working and have a rest. 我建议我们停下干活，休息一会儿。

They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他们停下来，听一听，再没什么声音。

归纳：stop to do停下(某事)去做某事，(表目的)

stop doing把某事停下来，(宾语)

What do you mean to do with your old bicycle? 你打算如何处理你那辆旧自行车?

I won't wait if it means delaying a week or so. 如果这意味着要推迟一星期左右，那我就不等了。

归纳：mean to do打算做某事

mean doing意味着做某事

(4)在love, like, hate, prefer后面跟不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，如：

Do you like to eat ice-cream?

I like traveling very much.

I like driving (do drive)fast cars.

(5)在start, begin后面，一般接不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，在下列情况下，多用不定式：

①自然界变化：

It started to rain.

Snow started to melt as spring came.

②心理活动，在understand, know, realize等词前面：

I began to understand my mother's feelings.

③begin, start本身为进行时：

Mother was starting to cook in the kitchen when I got home.

(6)在allow, advise, permit, forbid等动词后面，有名词或代词作宾语，用不定式做宾语补足语，如果没有宾语，直接用-ing形式，如：

1)We don't allow parking here.

2)The police don't allow people to park here.

3)He advised me to get an English pen friend.

4)I advise seeing more English films.

(7)need, require, want译作“需要”时，跟动词-ing作宾语，主动表示被动，相当于to be done，如：

The windows require cleaning.

The windows require to be cleaned.

The patient needs operating on at once.

The patient needs to be operated on.

The flowers want watering.

The flowers want to be watered.

(8)在一些固定表达中用动词-ing形式，不用不定式：

can't help doing, be worth doing, devote…to doing, look forward to doing, be/get/become used to

doing, object to doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。

Einstein devoted his life to making a research in science.

I'm looking forward to getting your letter.

We are used to living in the countryside.

4. 动词-ing在句中作表语：

Our plan is setting up a new car factory.

My job is teaching/driving.

这类词作表语，起解释说明主语的作用，主表可颠倒：Teaching is my job. 转换成问句，用what 提问：

——What's your job?

——My job is teaching.

这类词作表语，起描绘作用，主表不颠倒，转换成问句，用how提问

——How is your job?

——It is interesting.

——How was your trip?

——It is tiring, but interesting.

5. 动词-ing作定语：

(1)表示被修饰名词的用途：

There are two reading rooms in our school library.

a reading room其含义是A room is used for reading.

The swimming pool in our school is nearly completed.

the swimming pool其含义是The pool is used for swimming.

(2)如果动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰的名词发出的一个正在进行的动作或某种特征行为，这时被修饰的名词与动词-ing逻辑上有主谓关系，如果是主动关系用doing, 被动关系用done, 或being done表达，另外有时间要求：

第一种情况：主动关系，-ing形式与谓语动词同时进行，或经常发生，用doing，如：

Look at the dancing girl. She is one of my classmates.

Look at the girl who is dancing. ….

China is a developing country.

China is a country that is developing.

注意：①如果动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，一般不用having done作定语，而用定语从句表达，如：

The teacher criticized the boy having broken the window. (误)

The teacher criticized the boy who had broken the window. (正)

注意：②如果表达的是未来发生的动作，或含有情态概念，用不定式表达，如：

I have a meeting to attend today.

I have a meeting that I will attend today.

Mary is the proper worker to do the job.

Mary is the proper worker who can do the job.

第二种情况：被动关系：动词-ing表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，正在进行，用being done; 发生在谓语动词之前，完成了的动作用done；发生在谓语动词之后，未来的动作，用to be done. 如：The bridge being built now is two kilometers long.

The bridge that is being built now is two kilometers long.

The bridge built last year is two kilometers long.

The bridge that was built last year is two kilometers long.

The bridge to be built next year will be two kilometers long.

The bridge that will be built next year will be two kilometers long.

6. 动词-ing作宾语补足语和主语补足语：经常在see, hear, feel, watch, notice,

observe, find, get, look at, listen to, keep, leave, send, set, catch等一些动词后面用动词-ing作补语，其中宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，如果主谓关系是主动的，又表示动作在进行，或状态的持续，用doing; 如果主谓关系是被动的，又表示动作在进行，用being done，如：

I noticed them repairing the car.

When they were repairing the car, I noticed.

I noticed the car being repaired.

When the car was being repaired, I noticed.

如果宾语和宾补是主动关系，又表示动作的全过程，即完成或一般时态，宾补用不定式to do表达(在某些动词后面不定式不带to)；如果是被动关系，又表示动作的全过程，即完成时态用done表达，如：

I often notice them repair the car.

I noticed the car repaired.

如果把上述句子变成被动语态，宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。

7. 动词-ing形式作状语：动词-ing形式作状语时，要求其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，句子的主语与动词-ing形式逻辑上有主谓关系。如果主谓关系是主动的，用主动语态；-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生用一般式doing, 如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式having done, 如：Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine. 相当于When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.

Having finished their work, they had a rest. 相当于After they had finished their work, they had a rest.

如果主谓关系是被动的，用被动语态；-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生，用done；如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前，已完成的动作，用被动语态的完成式having been done, 如：

Having been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.

相当于After our classroom had been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.

Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.

相当于As he is well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.

注意：-ing形式做状语时，如果-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语，人称代词用主格，名词用普通格，如：

Mother/She being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.

It being Sunday, the shops are crowded.

(三)过去分词

过去分词由动词+ ed构成，起到形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。过去分词的性质是被动，完成，但有时侧重程度，有时侧重被动，不及物动词变成的过去分词无被动的意义，过去分词形式由动词原形加词尾-ed构成，及部分不规则的词如：done, played.

①侧重程度：

boiling water 沸水fallen leaves落叶

boiled water 凉开水frozen chicken冷冻鸡

developing country 发展中的国家

developed country 发达国家

②侧重主、被动：

a broken glass, a dancing girl, a damaged house.

1. 过去分词的作用：

(1)过去分词作状语：同动词-ing形式作状语一样，过去分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，如是被动关系，又与谓语动词同时发生，或无一定时间对比，用过去分词，如：

Seen from the top of the mountain, the lake looks like a mirror. (相当于The lake is seen)

相当于When the lake is seen from the top of the mountain it looks like a mirror.

Heated, water can turn into vapor.

相当于If it is heated, water can turn into vapor.

(2)过去分词作表语：

We are interested in science.

(3)过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语，有时间要求，发生在谓语动词之前，即完成的动作，用done，而不用having been done.

The bridge built last year is 2 kilometers long.

People invited to the party are most scientists.

(4)过去分词作宾补：

I noticed the car repaired.

2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式的区别：

(1)作表语和定语的区别：动词-ing形式表示事物对人造成的影响，事物是主动的，常译成令人……，使人……；过去分词表示人对事物的看法产生的心理反应，人是被动的，常译作：感到……如：

The news is surprising.

We are surprised at the news.

这类词很多，如：inspiring, inspired, astonishing, astonished, tiring, tired,

moving, moved, disappointing, disappointed, worrying, worried, encouraging, encouraged, …….

(2)作宾补的区别：宾语与宾补逻辑上有主谓关系，主动用动词-ing或不定式表达，被动用being done 或done表达。

We found him standing outside the door.

He found the door locked.

(3)作状语的区别：用作状语的动词，与句子的主语逻辑上有主谓关系、主动用-ing形式，被动用过去分词。

The boy entered the room, followed by a dog. 相当于The boy entered the room and he was followed by a dog.

The boy entered the room, following his father. 相当于The boy entered the room and followed his father.

(4)-ing形式与ed分词都可以作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、让步、程度，如：

Having brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better. (时间)

After she had brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better.

Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early. (原因)

We had to finish the meeting early because we were disturbed by the noise.

Born a free man, he was now in chains. (让步)

Though he was born a free man, he was now in chains.

(If) bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk. (条件)

If you are bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk.

The boy ran in, carrying a ball in his arm. (伴随)

The boy ran in and carried a ball in his arm.

He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces. (结果)

He dropped the plate and broke it into pieces.

(5)-ing形式与ed分词的否定式，由not+ -ing构成：

Not knowing how to do it, I asked him for help.

非谓语动词高考真题及练习精选

1.(2011全国卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.

A. rose

B. rising

C. to rise

D. risen

答案 B 解析：考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。

2.(2011全国卷II,15) The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.

A. joining

B. to join

C. joined

D. having joined

答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join 是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。

3.(2011全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.

A. says

B. said

C. to say

D. saying

答案 D 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。

4.（2011北京卷,25）It’s important for the figures regularly.

A. to be updated

B. to have been updated

C. to update

D. to have updated

答案 A 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures 与update存在着被动关系，故选A。

5.（2011北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.

A. to keep

B. keeping

C. having kept

D. to have kept

答案 B 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep 是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。6.（2011天津卷,7）Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.

A. to carry

B. carrying

C. to be carried

D. being carried

答案 A 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，Passengers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式。

7.（2011天津卷,12）______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

A. Translating

B. Translated

C. To translate

D. Having translated

答案 B 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。

8.（2011上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, ______ newly cleaned and polished.

A. looked

B. to look

C. looking

D. to be looking

答案 C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子

的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。

2012高考英语单选题非谓语动词专练

【2012全国卷II】⒑ Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.

A. hoping

B. to hope

C. hoped

D. having hoped

【2012全国卷II】⒖ The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy___ anything that happened to be on.

A. to watch

B. watching

C. watched

D. to have watched

【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.

A. locking

B. to lock

C. having locked

D. to have locked

【2012安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

A. asking

B. asked

C. having asked

D. to be asked

【2012重庆】23. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.

A. Having been asked

B. To ask

C. Having asked

D. To be asked

【2012重庆】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decisi on ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

A. to be made

B. being made

C. made

D. having been made

【2012全国】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .

A. permitting

B. to permit

C. permitted

D. permit

【2012全国】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art

forms as music and painting.

A. having compared to

B. comparing to

C. compare to

D. compared to

【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.

A. corrects

B. correct

C. to correct

D. correcting

【2012北京】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

A. Use

B. Using

C. Used

D. To use

【2012北京】31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.

A. Knock

B. Knocking

C. Knocked

D. To knock

【2012福建】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________ in the South China Sea.

A. attacking

B. having attacking

C. being attacked

D. having been attacked

【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.

A. realizing

B. realized

C. to realize

D. being realized

【2012陕西】15. _______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.

A. Standing

B. To stand

C. Stood

D. Stand

【2012陕西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _____ an even greater challenge.

A. meets

B. meeting

C. meet

D. to meet

【2012山东】26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.

A. to be told

B. telling

C. being told

D. told

【2012山东】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____.

A. providing

B. provided

C. having provided

D. provide

【2012湖南】21. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work ne eds ____ to achieve the final success.

A. being done

B. do

C. to be done

D. to do

【2012湖南】23. Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank.

A. to use

B. used

C. using

D. use

【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A. starting

B. being starting

C. to start

D. to be started

【2012天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched.

A. left

B. to leave

C. leaving

D. having left

【2012江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new students.

A. speaking

B. having spoken

C. to speak

D. to have spoken

【2012江西】35. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.

A. offered

B. offering

C. to offer

D. to be offered

【2012辽宁】25. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.

A. to follow

B. following

C. followed

D. follows

【2012辽宁】29. This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

A. operating

B. to be operating

C. operated

D. to operate

【2012四川】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.

A. finding

B. to find

C. being found

D. to have found

【2012四川】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

A. to wind

B. wind

C. winding

D. wound

【2012四川】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.

A. washed

B. wash

C. washing

D. to wash

【2012浙江】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ____ silent.

A. remain

B. be remaining

C. having remained

D. to remain

【2012浙江】8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ____ his job.

A. quits

B. to quit

C. quitting

D. quit

【2012浙江】11. “It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _____ for customers.

A. to be reserved

B. having reserved

C. reserving

D. reserved

【2012江苏】31. ______ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it soon or later.

A. Based

B. Basing

C. Base

D. To base

参考答案：AABBA AADDC ACAAD ABCBA

CCBBD BCADD DB

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词）敬告：以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语；过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系；过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.

语法知识—非谓语动词的图文答案

一、选择题 1．—It’s too hot. Would you mind my________ the window? — ________, please do it now. A．to open; OK B．opening; Certainly not C．opening; Of course D．to open; Good idea 2．—________is the boy using his mobile phone________? —________for information. A．Why; / ; Search B．Why; for; To search C．What; for; Searching D．What; for; To search 3．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 4．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 5．When he saw the photo, he couldn’t stop ________ her stay in London. A．think of B．to think of C．thought of D．thinking of 6．Let’s go to that shop________some school things. A．buying B．to buy C．bought 7．My mom wants________a new Jacket________me. A．to buy;to B．to buy: for C．buy; for 8．We should do what we can _________ animals in danger. A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved 9．I used to . But now I get used to doing everything. I’m successful at last. A．give up; keeping B．giving up; keeping C．giving up; keep D．give up; keep 10．_____ the environment is important for human beings. A．Take care of B．Taking care of C．Took care of D．Take the care of 11．Would you mind _________ in class? A．no talking B．not talking C．no talk D．not talk 12．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 13．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay

【初中英语语法专项练习】非谓语动词专项练习

一、选择填空 ( ) 1. They kept the fire ________ to keep them warm. A. to burn B. burn C. burnt D. burning ( ) 2. Who’s the boy ________ under the tree? A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood ( ) 3. I don’t like to sit here ________ nothing. A. doing B. do C. to do D. does ( ) 4. The girl student enjoy ________ English songs. A. singing B. to sing C. sing D. sung ( ) 5. Thank you for ________ us so well. A. to teach B. teaches C. teaching D. taught ( ) 6. I often do some ________ on Sundays. A. washed B. to wash C. wash D. washing ( ) 7. The boy ________ Li Hua in Class One is

his brother. A. called B. calling C. to call D. call ( ) 8. It often takes me half an hour ________ home. A. walking B. to walk C. walked D. walk ( ) 9. Don’t forget ________ her clean water every day. A. to give B. giving C. given D. give ( ) 10. I think it important ________ English well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned ( ) 11. The funny story makes us ________. A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed ( ) 12. She was often heard ________ in English. A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing

初中英语语法知识—非谓语动词的知识点

一、选择题 1．—Let's think about _______ A Bite of China tonight? —That sounds good! A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watches 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 4．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 5．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 6．—It’s time _____ lunch. —OK. Let’s _____. A．for; go B．for; going C．to; going D．to; go 7．— Mr. Wang, I have trouble __________ the text. — Remember __________ it three times at least. A．to understand；reading B．understanding；to read C．understanding；reading D．to understand；to read 8．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 9．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 10．It usually takes him half an hour ________ the homework. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 11．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 12．I don’t know how________there. I need to look at the map.

语法知识—非谓语动词的难题汇编含解析

一、选择题 1．We should do everything we can________the endangered birds. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 2．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 3．When he saw the photo, he couldn’t stop ________ her stay in London. A．think of B．to think of C．thought of D．thinking of 4．Let’s go to that shop________some school things. A．buying B．to buy C．bought 5．She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the death of her grandmother. A．cry B．to cry C．crying D．to crying 6．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 7．Would you mind _________ in class? A．no talking B．not talking C．no talk D．not talk 8．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 9．We should try our best to prevent the air pollution________. A．from living a better life B．to live a better life C．live a better life D．lives a better life 10．I saw a little boy ________on the road. A．lie B．lying C．lied 11．—What about_____________? —That’s a good idea, A．go shopping B．going shop C．going shopping D．go to shop 12．—It’s too hot. Would you mind my________ the window? — ________, please do it now. A．to open; OK B．opening; Certainly not C．opening; Of course D．to open; Good idea 13．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 14．(2016·老河口期考)—What did the guard say to you just now? —He warned us_______any farther. There's danger ahead. A．didn't walk B．not to walk C．walk D．to walk 15．Thanks for ________ me with my English.

高中英语语法专题非谓语动词练习1(无答案)

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