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新目标初三英语定语从句整理版

新目标初三英语定语从句整理版
新目标初三英语定语从句整理版

一、定语从句的概念:

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who (宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which)we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who 代替whom,也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英

文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况:

a.. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b..被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one 等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c..先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e..以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f..主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

a..先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is u nder the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

b..关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c..引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:

Tom came back,which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why,在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词

why=for which

where=in/ at/ on which(介词同先行词搭配)

when=during/ on/ in/……

它们的用法大家不妨记住一个口诀:

the time when

the place where

the reason why

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

六、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句

意义:

限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。

限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。

例如:I met some one who said he know you.

在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on which

(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。

(3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

在限定性定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时,关系代词可省略。

(1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在读的书很有趣。

(2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?

非限定性定语从句

意义:

非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如

(1)The house,which I bought last year,has a lovely garden.我去年买的的房子带着个漂亮的花园。

(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人。

1.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:

(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

2. 在非限定定语从句中,有时as也可用作关系代词,若as在从句中作主语,其引导的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。例如:

(1)The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我们所预料的那样,这个男孩取得了大的进步。

(2)As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每个人都知道,中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。

3. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用从句做主语

(1)The boys ,who are playing football ,are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。

(2)I helped an old man ,who lost his way ,yesterday . 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人。

课后练习:

1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.

A. which

B. what

C. as

D. those

2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. the one

3. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. the one

4. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.

A. all which

B. that

C. all that

D. which

5. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

A. whose

B. of which

C. in which

D. on which

6. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.

A. which

B. it

C. that

D. what

7. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we atten ded last night.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

D. that

8. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.

A. who is singing

B. is singing

C. sang

D. was singing

9. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D.who

10. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate.

A. who’s

B. whose

C. that

D.of which.

11. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which;is

B. whom;was

C. who;is

D. who;was

12. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. who

13. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live

B. on which we live

C. where we live in

D. we live in

14. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.

A. that againsts

B. that against

C. who is against

D. who are against

15. Didn’t you see the man __________?

A. I nodded just now

B. whom I nodded just now

C. I nodded to him just now

D. I nodded to just now

16. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?

A. that you talked

B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with

D. you talked about

17. Is there anything __________ to you?

A. that is belonged

B. that belongs

C. that belong

D. which belongs

18. ---- “How do you like the book?”

---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.”

A. that

B. which

C. the one

D. the one what

19.The place _________interested me most was the Children's Palace.

A. Which

B. where

C. what

D. in which

20.Do you know the man _______?

A. whom I spoke

B. to who spoke

C. I spoke to

D. that I spoke

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