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新概念英语二从句

新概念英语二从句
新概念英语二从句

新概念英语二从句

(一)比较状语从句

1、比较状语从句含有或暗含有“与??相比”的意思。除了than?或more?than?这种结构外,它还包括as+形容词/副词+as?,not so/as?as?,less?than?等结构。

例:People aren’t so kind as they used to be.

No, they’re becoming less kind. 是的,他们变得不那么友善了。

2、当句子里两个动词相同、时态也一样时,则第二个动词可以省略,比较从句就成了含蓄的从句。如果对比的东西很明显,那么为了避免重复,从句中有些成分、甚至整个从句都省略,因此这类句子往往不完整。

例:He is as quick in answering as his sister (is).

He answers as quickly as his sister (does).

He is not so/as quick as his sister (is).

I feel better now. (从句省略)

(二)关系从句及关系代词

1、关系从句又可称为定语从句或形容词从句,它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为限定性关系从句(不带逗号)和非限定性关系从句(带逗号)。

2、表示人的关系代词:who,whom,that,whose(口语中whom经常由who代替)

3、表示事物和动物的关系代词:which,that

4、关系代词可以有四个概念:

①代人的, 做主语或宾语who,只做宾语的whom

②代物的, 做主语或宾语which

③代人的也可以代物的,做主语或宾语that

④whose其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定(不一定指人)

5、关系代词后面要加从句,先行词放在定语从句前面, 而且是两句话共同含有的词, 还是被定语从句修饰的词

例:I have a book that/which he likes.( “book”为先行词“that/which”为关系代词)

①关系代词有两个功能: 一是承上, 一是启下(如上句中的“book”作从句的宾语)

例:The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.

I can do anything that I can do. 我愿意做我力所能及的事情来帮助你

The boat whose name is...

I have a house whose windows are broken. 我有一个房子, 房子的窗户都破了.

②关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略,作主语时则不可以。

例:The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kink father.

whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语

例:The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother. 妹妹站在门口的男孩是我弟弟The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt.

(三)复合句的语序

复合句可用两种方法构成:一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来;二是用分词结构或不定式。

1、用连词连接的复合句

①在复合句中,从句可以是名词从句(即起名词的作用)。在句子中,它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语,一般由that引导,有时也用what(疑问词引导的除外)例:I know (that) the meeting will be put off.

②从句可以是关系(或形容词)从句,关系代词通常有who,whom,that,which和whose。

③从句可以是状语(或副词)从句

时间状语连词有when,after,before,as soon as,until,while,as,since等;

地点状语从句连词有where,everywhere,anywhere等;

方式状语从句连词有as或短语in the way (that)等,方式状语从句在动词be,feel,seem,appear 等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导;

原因状语从句由because,as 等引导;

条件状语从句可由if 及其他连词引导;

让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素,它们一般由连词although,though,even though,even if等引导;

目的状语从句可由so that,in order that等连词引导;

结果状语从句描述结果,可由so+形容词+that引导,也可由such (a) +(形容词)+名词+ that 来引导;

比较状语从句结构包括as +形容词/副词+ as,not so/as ?as,形容词/副词的比较级+than,more?than,less?than等

例:He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.

With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/everywhere you like in Europe for just over $100.

Type this again as/in the way (that) I showed you just now.

As you can’t go yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan go for you.既然你自己不能去,那你就请苏珊替你去吧。

2、分词结构的复合句

①用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等,现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时,分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前,则分词结构要位于主语前;如果两个动作同时发生,那么分词结构既可以位于主句前,也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句前面时,要用逗号隔开。

例:I got very angry speaking to them.

Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.

Following his mom, he went there.(主动概念, 跟着他母亲去了那儿)

②过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体,往往代替被动语态

例:Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.

Followed by his mom, he went there. (被动概念, 被他母亲带着跟着去了那儿)

3、不定式结构的复合句

这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句:

例:To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.

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