Unit 7 Letter to a B Student课文翻译综合教程二

Unit 7 Letter to a B Student

Your final grade for the course is B. A respectable grade. Far superior to the "Gentleman's C" that served as the norm a couple of generations ago. But in those days A's were rare: only two out of twenty-five, as I recall. Whatever our norm is, it has shifted upward, with the result that you are probably disappointed at not doing better. I'm certain that nothing I can say will remove that feeling of disappointment, particularly in a climate where grades determine eligibility for graduate school and special programs.

Disappointment. It's the stuff bad dreams are made of: dreams of failure, inadequacy, loss of position and good repute. The essence of success is that there's never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum game where one person's winning must be offset by another's losing, one person's joy offset by another's disappointment. You've grown up in a society where winning is not the most important thing—it's the only thing. To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke—these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. In a different society, your disappointment might be something you could shrug away. But not in ours.

My purpose in writing you is to put your disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what your grade means and doesn't mean. I do not propose to argue here that grades are unimportant. Rather, I hope to show you that your grade, taken at face value, is apt to be dangerously misleading, both to you and to others.

As a symbol on your college transcript, your grade simply means that you have successfully completed a specific course of study, doing so at a certain level of proficiency. The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks: taking tests, writing papers and reports, and so forth. Your performance is generally assumed to correspond to the knowledge you have acquired and will retain. But this assumption, as we both know, is questionable; it may well be that you've actually gotten much more out of the course than your grade indicates—or less. Lacking more precise measurement tools, we must interpret your B as a rather fuzzy symbol at best, representing a questionable judgment of your mastery of the subject.

Your grade does not represent a judgment of your basic ability or of your character. Courage, kindness, wisdom, good humor—these are the important characteristics of our species. Unfortunately they are not part of our curriculum. But they are important: crucially so, because they are always in short supply. If you value these characteristics in yourself, you will be valued—and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little marks on a piece of paper. Your B is a price tag on a garment that is quite separate from the living, breathing human being underneath.

The student as performer; the student as human being. The distinction is one we should always keep in mind. I first learned it years ago when I got out of the service and went back to college. There were a lot of us then: older than the norm, in a hurry to get our degrees and move on, impatient with the tests and rituals of academic life. Not an easy group to handle.

One instructor handled us very wisely, it seems to me. On Sunday evenings in particular, he would make a point of stopping in at a local bar frequented by many of the GI-Bill students. There he would sit and drink, joke, and swap stories with men in his class, men who had but recently put away their uniforms and identities: former platoon sergeants, bomber pilots, corporals, captains, lieutenants, commanders, majors—even a lieutenant colonel, as I recall. They enjoyed his company greatly, as he theirs. The next morning he would walk into class and give these same men a test. A hard test. A test on which he usually flunked about half of them.

Oddly enough, the men whom he flunked did not resent it. Nor did they resent him for shifting suddenly from a friendly gear to a coercive one. Rather, they loved him, worked harder and harder at his course as the semester moved along, and ended up with a good grasp of his subject—economics. The technique is still rather difficult for me to explain; but I believe it can be described as one in which a clear distinction was made between the student as classroom performer and the student as human being. A good distinction to make. A distinction that should put your B in perspective—and your disappointment.

Perspective. It is important to recognize that human beings, despite differences in class and educational labeling, are fundamentally hewn from the same material and knit together by common bonds of fear and joy, suffering and achievement. Warfare, sickness, disasters, public and private—these are the larger coordinates of life. To recognize them is to recognize that social labels are basically irrelevant and misleading. It is true that these labels are necessary in the functioning of a complex society as a way of letting us know who should be trusted to do what, with the result that we need to make distinctions on the basis of grades, degrees, rank, and responsibility. But these distinctions should never be taken seriously in human terms, either in the way we look at others or in the way we look at ourselves.

Even in achievement terms, your B label does not mean that you are permanently defined as a B achievement person. I'm well aware that B students tend to get B's in the courses they take later on, just as A students tend to get A's. But academic work is a narrow, neatly defined highway compared to the unmapped rolling country you will

encounter after you leave school. What you have learned may help you find your way about at first; later on you will have to shift to yourself, locating goals and opportunities in the same fog that hampers us all as we move toward the future.

写给中等生的一封信

你的期末成绩是一个B，一个过得去的等级。比许多年以前的及格C等级要优秀多了。但是A等级在那个年代是十分少见的，我回想起来25个人里只有两个人。但不管我们的标准如何，它们还是在提升的，不过你可能会因为这个结果为自己没有考好而失望。我相信我说什么都无法消除你们心中的失望情绪，特别是在一个社会环境下等级的高低直接决定了你考的学校和拿到的特别项目好坏。

你的失望感。负面的展望由这种情绪形成：失败、努力不够、好位置与好名声的丧失。成功的核心是在零和博弈的游戏中没有批发的成功可以供给，有了一个人的失败才能成为另一个人成功的垫脚石。你所生所长的社会是唯成功论的，失败或者破产绝对是要命的罪恶。因为财富的多少明确的决定了未来能否被拯救。也许在另一个不一样的社会中，你对于失望的情绪能一笑而过，不过在我们的社会中不可能。

我写这篇文章的目的是客观判断你们的失望情绪，认真考虑你的等级意味着什么与不能说明什么，我不想在这里争辩成绩无用论，相反我希望告诉你们的是，如果只是被它的外表所蒙蔽，那对于你们与他人来说，都是一种可怕的导向。

作为大学成绩单的一种象征，你的成绩只能表明你已经成功的完成了特定课程的学习，达到了一定等级的熟练度。不过这种衡量你的表现的标准还是由传统的任务决定：参加考试、写论文报告等等。因为这种表现普遍认为应该与所掌握、记住知识的多少相结合，但是我们也知道这种假设是值得推敲的，有可能你学到的比成绩单上反应出来的要多，也有可能要少。在缺少更精准的测量工具的情况下，我们只能认为你的B代表着你对于这门学科的掌握不够，充其量是一个不明确的标志。

你的成绩也不能成为衡量基本能力与性格的标准。勇气、善良、智慧、好脾气，这些才是我们人类的重要性格特征。虽然它们因为批发量少很重要，但不幸的是它们无法成为我们课程学习中的一部分。当然如果你看重自己拥有的这些性格特征，那么就总会有出头之日——而且远比那些只重视纸上那一点可怜分数的人好得多。你的B等级是衣服外的价格标签，穿上生活的衣裳后就与标签没有任何关系了。

作为表现者与作为人类这个身份的学生是不一样的，这种差别需要我们时刻牢记。第一次学习这种区别是在我参军期重新回到校园的时候。当时有一大群像我一样的人，比一般的学生要老，着急着赶快获得学位继续生活，对学术生活里的习惯和考试极不耐烦。这是一群不怎么好对付的学生。

我感觉其中一位用了一种明智的方法对付我们。每当星期天的晚上，他就会来到当地酒吧，那里总有许多GI-Bill的学生光顾。他会坐下来和他们喝酒、开玩笑，和班上的学生们分享各种故事。那些学生们最近刚换下他们参军的制服，有曾经排里的中士、轰炸机驾驶员、下士、陆军上尉、中尉、指挥官、陆军上校，其中甚至有陆军中校。所有人都十分享受与他交流，他自己也是。第二天早上，他会走进教室后分发卷子给所有人考试，一场会有一半人挂掉的艰难考试。

奇怪的是，挂掉的那些人也不会讨厌他。他们也不会厌恶他身份的变化，从一个友善的朋友变成压迫性的老师。相反他们喜欢他所以会在他的课上不断努力学习，最终学期结束的时候很好的掌握这门课程——经济学。这样的教书技巧我都无法解释清楚，但我相信，他很好的区分了学生们的身份，作为教室里的学习者和单纯的人类身份。这样的区分客观的判断了你的失望与你得到的B。

客观性。尽管人们在阶层上、获得教育的程度都不一样，但从根本上大家吸收的知识都来自相同的生活素材，也因为有共同的情感紧密连接，开心也好害怕也罢，遭受的痛苦与获得的成就。认识到这点是重要的。战争、疾病、公共和私人中的重大变故，这些是生活中更大的共通点。意识到这点后会发觉社会标签其实是一种基本的无关与误导。这些标签在复杂的社会职责分配中确实很有必要，我们需要知道能相信谁，他又能做什么，所以就有分数、等级、职位、责任的差异。但是从人性出发的时候这些真的不需要太过看重，看待自身还是别人都一样。

即便是从成就看，B这个标签也并不意味着你永远就是只能达到B成就的人。我清楚的知道B档的学生以后还可能得到B就像A档学生还会更容易取得A。但是学术学习只是一条窄窄的限定好的高速公路，毕业出去后碰到的就是杂乱无章的田野，充满波折。你曾经学到的东西也许在开始能帮你找到要走的路，但接下来就都要靠自己，在阻止我们前行的漫天大雾中定位目标、找准机遇了。

必修一 Unit 1 Friendship ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would WarⅡ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi .She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said ,”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the windo w had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…. …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains han ging before very dusty windows. it’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Your, Anne 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记当作自己最好的朋友。 在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了将近25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在，来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。 1944年6月15日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我太久不能出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神

学士学位英语考试翻译题型解题秘笈 在学士学位英语考试复习中，翻译既是重点也是难点，在此提醒考生一定要给予足够重视。外语教育网的小编为考生整理了学士学位英语考试翻译题型解题秘笈，希望考生认真阅读和学习。 翻译部分是03年增加的题型。放在试卷的最后，共有10个小题，考试时间30分钟。翻译试题由两部分组成。第一部分为英译汉，要求考生把阅读理解文章中划线的五个句子译成中文。第二部分为汉译英，要求考生把五个难度适中的中文句子译成英文。英译汉和汉译英的句子难度均低于课文的英语文章。评分标准要求译文达意，无重大语言错误。翻译部分的目的是测试学生词汇、语法、句型方面综合运用语言的能力。 英译汉应试技巧 英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。在英译汉的过程中，有两点值得我们特别地注意： 1、汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容，即句子或文章的意义，而不是句子结构； 2、在翻译过程中，英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。 英译汉的过程包括理解，分析句架表达和校核三个阶段,因此，在英译汉的过程中，往往需要考生从英语到汉语，再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。 (一)理解 理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文，弄清原文的意思。为了透彻理解原文，建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤： 1、通读全文。通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系，因为孤立地阅读划线部分的英语，往往无法理解该部分的真正含义。一篇好的文章，其前后的意思都互相关联，具有很强的逻辑性，一个单词或句子只有在具体的上下文中才能体现出确切的含义来，因此，上下文能帮助我们正确的理解划线的部分，通读全文是很重要的。但是,在通读全文的过程中应该注意，对非划线的部分不要花费时间过多，对于其中一些不太容易理解的内容也不必太在意，只是搞清大体意义即可。因为通读全文的目的在于帮助自己理解划线的部分,只要能把该部分理解透彻也就足够了。 2、分析划线部分的句子结构。从一般的翻译试题来看，划线的部分一般来说结构句子都比较复杂。复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构，很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。因此正确地把握句子的结构是进行正确地翻译的关键。 3、理解分析划线部分的含义。考生不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义，还要理解全句的整体意义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外，还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题： (1)句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词，如果有，应根据上下文确定它们指代的内容是什么； (2)句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法，那么，在该句中它们的具体含义是什么； (3)按照你的理解，该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致，有无相互矛盾。 总之,在动手翻译之前，首先要读懂原文，不要一上来就急于动手翻译，这样做往往会出现一种情况:该题快要翻译完了，猛然又发现自己理解有误，马上就急忙修改，搞的卷面上一塌糊涂，而且很容易忙中出错，把本应拿到的分数丢掉了，这是非常令人可惜的。 (二)表达 表达就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来,理解是表达的基础，表达是理解的结果，但是理解正确并不意味着一定会有正确的表达，平时做翻译练习时有同学反映，有时对原文理解之后还不知如何用汉语表达，就充分说明了这一点。这里介绍两种基本的翻译方法：直译和意译。 1、直译。所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式。在汉语和英语两种语言中存在着许多共同之处，在对于许多英语句子的翻译过程中,完全可以采取直译的方法，这样可以获得一举两得之功效，既保持了原文的结构，又正确表达了原文的内容。但是直译不是死译和硬译，象It is asserted that…;It is believed that…这一类的结构，如果直译过来那就不伦不类了。 2、意译。汉语和英语分别属于不同的语系，两者在词汇、句法结构和表达方法上具有很多的差异。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不易采用直译的方法处理时，就应采用意译法，意译就是不拘泥于原文的形式，重点在于正确表达原文的内容。例如Do you see any green in my eye象这样的句子，只能采取意译的方法，把它翻译为“你以为我是好欺骗的吗”当然,意译并不等于乱译,胡乱地翻译是不符合“忠实”的翻译标准的。 在具体的翻译过程中，我们应该采取灵活的方法，不论是直译还是意译，只要是符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译原则，都是可取的。在翻译的过程中，我们务必注意以下几点： A、理解透彻之后再动手表达，否则表达的结果会令人莫名其妙； B、切忌在翻译时把汉语和英语对号入座，逐字逐句的对号入座的结果往往是不伦不类； C、切忌擅自增减词意，增减意义与翻译技巧中经常提到的增词法与减词法根本就不是一回事。 (三)校核 校核阶段是理解与表达的进一步深化，是对原文内容进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的阶段，因此，校核是翻译过程中一个很重要的阶段，并不是可有可无的，通过表达之后的校核，我们可以发现译文的一些问题，确保自己理解的内容很有把握地得到分数。在校核阶段，一般应注意与下列各项有关的问题(1)人名、地名、日期、方位和数字等；(2)汉语译文的词与句有无错漏；(3)修改译文中译错或表达不够准确的句子、词组或词汇；(4)有无错别字；(5)标点符号是否有误。 做汉译英时一般应经过以下步骤

Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne

U n i t3A H a n g i n g 课文翻译

Unit 3 A Hanging A HANGING George Orwell 1. It was in Burma, a sodden morning of the rains. We were waiting outside the condemned cells, a row of sheds fronted with double bars, like small animal cages. Each cell measured about ten feet by ten and was quite bare within except for a plank bed and a pot for drinking water. In some of them brown silent men were squatting at the inner bars, with their blankets draped round them. These were the condemned men, due to be hanged within the next week or two. Detailed Reading 2. One prisoner had been brought out of his cell. He was a Hindu, a puny wisp of a man, with a shaven head and vague liquid eyes. Six tall Indian warders were guarding him and getting him ready for the gallows. Two of them stood by with rifles and fixed bayonets, while the others handcuffed him, passed a chain through his handcuffs and fixed it to their belts, and lashed his arms tightly to his sides. They crowded very close about him, with their hands always on him in a careful, caressing grip, as though all the while feeling him to make sure he was there. But he stood quite unresisting, yielding his arms limply to the ropes, as though he hardly noticed what was happening. 3. Eight o'clock struck and a bugle call floated from the distant barracks. The superintendent of the jail, who was standing apart from the rest of us, moodily prodding the gravel with his stick, raised his head at the sound. "For God's sake hurry up, Francis," he said irritably. "The man ought to have been dead by this time. Aren't you ready yet?" 4. Francis, the head jailer, a fat Dravidian in a white drill suit and gold spectacles, waved his black hand. "Yes sir, yes sir," he bubbled. "All is satisfactorily prepared. The hangman is waiting. We shall proceed." 5. "Well, quick march, then. The prisoners can't get their breakfast till this job's over." 6. We set out for the gallows. Two warders marched on either side of the prisoner, with their rifles at the slope; two others marched close against him, gripping him by arm and shoulder, as though at once pushing and supporting him. The rest of us, magistrates and the like, followed behind.

模拟试题（三） Passage1 1. by "...challenges explanation"(line 2,para. 1) the author means that B. it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation. 通过“……挑战说明”（2号线，对。1）作者认为提供充分的解释是不容易的 2. the third paragraph is mainly about A. the development of babies' early forms of language. 第三段主要是关于婴儿早期语言形式的发展 3. the author's purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children D. learn to speak by listening. 作者写作的目的是为了让孩子们学会倾听 4. from the passage we learn that C. imitation plays an important role in learning to speak. 从这篇文章中我们知道模仿在学习中扮演重要的角色 5. the best title for this passage would be A. how babies learn to speak. 这篇文章的最佳标题是婴儿如何学会说话 Passage2 6. it is commonly accepted in american society that too much sleep is A. unreasonable .不合理 美国社会普遍接受过多的睡眠是不合理的 7. the research done by the dement commission shows that americans C. sleep less than is good for them 由元委员会所做的研究表明，美国人睡眠不足对他们是好的 8. the purpose of this article is to D. convince the reader of the necessity of napping. 这篇文章的目的是要说服读者午睡的必要性 9. the "american sleep debt"(line 1-2,para.3) is the result of B. the traditional misconception the americans have about sleep. “美国睡眠债”（第2行，第3段）是美国人对睡眠的传统误解的结果 10. the second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is D. natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it. 最后一段的第二句告诉我们，只要我们觉得有必要，就很自然地去睡觉了 Passage3 11. jewish parents in eastern europe longed for their children to attend music school because D. it would allow them access to a better life in the west. 东欧的犹太父母渴望他们的孩子参加音乐学校，因为这将使他们获得更好的生活在西方 12. nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that B. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development. 在这篇文章中提到的“培育社会”是指“宝”人才，为其全面发展提供机会的社会 13. japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to C. strict training of children.

形象还是表象？ 罗伯特? L ?舒克 成功的形象与表象之间有明显的区别。表象是虚假的现象，要想寻求成功的形象，你必须能够识别这些表象。 有一种形象常被误解，其根源在于人们对目光接触的看法。你不知多少次听到有人说：“他直视你的眼睛,一定是个老实人”。显然，许多人一定认为，不老实的人因说谎而感到惭愧，甚至不能面对他人。但假如老实人因羞怯而不敢直视你呢？况且，骗人的老手知道，许多人根据某人打量他们的方式判断其人品，因此他会故意将目光接触纳入其行为之中。既然你不能依靠目光接触做出灵验的判断，就不该用此法评价他人是否诚实。然而，既然大多数人的确凭此标准判断他人，你务必要经常直视他们的眼睛。 根据一个人打量你的方式评价其诚信并不比根据你的猫或狗对其做出的反应判断其人品更合乎情理。然而，你不知多少次听到狗的主人说：“真有趣——索尔不常喜欢陌生人。他判断人性很在行，他对你友好使我知道你身上有某些优点。”有一次，我来到一位可能成为我客户的人的家中，他的猫“虎仔”对我如此欢喜，竟在我推销产品的整个过程中趴在我的肩上。我推销完毕之后，那人的妻子说道：“舒克先生，虎仔只对我们自家人才会这样。你一定为人忠厚，它才对你这般友好。” 其实当时我没把那只猫推开是因为担心她会撕破我的衣服或抓出我的眼珠。但我却回答道：“是呀，夫人，虎仔显然具有某种能使她能准确判断人性的本能。它的确善于判断人品。”虽然虎仔碰巧正确地判断了我的实情，但我个人却不太相信动物具有判断人类的本能。依我看，动物对人的反应更多与体味和身体动作有关。 有些人根据他人握手的方式判断其人。得体而有力度的握手姿势体现人的个性，而“死鱼”般冷淡无力则不是好兆。我也不喜欢毫无生气、缺乏力度的握手姿势，但却格外小心，并不以此作为判断人的基准。再说，骗人的老手会轻而易举做出热情握手之态。尽管握手之时你应该用力，以便即刻树立一个良好印象，然而下次有人紧握你手之时，可别太当真；这并不能告诉你关于他的具体情况。 某种整洁清秀的外表会树立诚实的形象。譬如，金发碧眼的年轻人，面带稚笑，长相是邻家男孩那种类型，这种典型的美国人的形象几乎总能激起别人的信赖。仅因外表而盲目相信一个人是不合乎逻辑的。然而，大多数人的确如此草率地做出判断。相反，皮肤油黑、黑发油腻、蓄小胡子的邋遢男人不会被人认为其面相诚实。同样，某个女人的长相可能会使人联想到街头妓女的模样，而开价很高的应召女郎可能也会看似娴静清新。自然，衣着和（对女性而言的）化装品与以上所谈的外表问题有很大关系。但不幸的是，不为人所控制的、与生俱来的外貌在大多数人的判断中起着重要的作用。我很同情勤奋老实的推销员，其天生的那幅模样使人不由自主地想到：“他那种人的二手车我可不想买！”另一方面，一个非常阴险的人也许貌似你可信赖的那种人。你怎能肯定一个看似整洁清秀的搭车人不及一个（因为其长相而）貌似危险人物的搭车人危险呢？你怎能肯定此人就一定是个危险人物呢？问题就在于我们往往毫无道理地做出如此草率的决定。 从更大的范围上讲，选民们经常仅因某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。其对手则因没有生就一副令人信任的外表而经常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。诚然，许多选民投某位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但在势均力敌的选举中，不该当选的人会因其整洁清秀的形象而占有优势。

Unit 3 A Hanging A HANGING George Orwell 1. It was in Burma, a sodden morning of the rains. We were waiting outside the condemned cells, a row of sheds fronted with double bars, like small animal cages. Each cell measured about ten feet by ten and was quite bare within except for a plank bed and a pot for drinking water. In some of them brown silent men were squatting at the inner bars, with their blankets draped round them. These were the condemned men, due to be hanged within the next week or two. Detailed Reading 2. One prisoner had been brought out of his cell. He was a Hindu, a puny wisp of a man, with a shaven head and vague liquid eyes. Six tall Indian warders were guarding him and getting him ready for the gallows. Two of them stood by with rifles and fixed bayonets, while the others handcuffed him, passed a chain through his handcuffs and fixed it to their belts, and lashed his arms tightly to his sides. They crowded very close about him, with their hands always on him in a careful, caressing grip, as though all the while feeling him to make sure he was there. But he stood quite unresisting, yielding his arms limply to the ropes, as though he hardly noticed what was happening. 3. Eight o'clock struck and a bugle call floated from the distant barracks. The superintendent of the jail, who was standing apart from the rest of us, moodily prodding the gravel with his stick, raised his head at the sound. "For God's sake hurry up, Francis," he said irritably. "The man ought to have been dead by this time. Aren't you ready yet" 4. Francis, the head jailer, a fat Dravidian in a white drill suit and gold spectacles, waved his black hand. "Yes sir, yes sir," he bubbled. "All is satisfactorily prepared. The hangman is waiting. We shall proceed." 5. "Well, quick march, then. The prisoners can't get their breakfast till this job's over." 6. We set out for the gallows. Two warders marched on either side of the prisoner, with their rifles at the slope; two others marched close against him, gripping him by arm and shoulder, as though at once pushing and supporting him. The rest of us, magistrates and the like, followed behind. 7. It was about forty yards to the gallows. I watched the bare brown back of the

Unit1 Our school subjects 课文及翻译Story time 1. Welcome back to school, class. Nice to meet you, Miss Li. Nice to meet you too. 欢迎回到学校，同学们。 很高兴见到你，李老师。 见到你们我也很高兴。 2. This is our new timetable. We have English, Chinese, Maths, Art, PE, Music and Science. 这是我们的新课程表，我们有英语课、语文课、数学课、美术课、体育课、音乐课和科学课。 3. What subjects do you like, Wang Bing? I like Chinese and Maths. Me too. 你喜欢什么课程，王冰？ 我喜欢语文和数学课。 我也是。

4. What about you, Yang Ling? I like English. It’s fun. 你呢，王冰？ 我喜欢英语课，它很有趣。 5. Oh, It’s time for PE. Let’s go to the playground. 是该上体育课的时间了。 我们去操场吧。 Cartoon time 1. Hi, Billy. What lessons do we have this morning? Hi, Bobby. It’s Monday. We have Music and Maths. I like Music. 嗨，Billy,今天上午我们有什么课？ 嗨，Bobby.今天是星期一，我们有音乐课和数学课。我喜欢音乐课。 2, What lessons do we have this afternoon, Sam? We have PE and Science. I like PE. It’s fun. 我们今天下午有什么课，Sam？ 我们有体育和科学课。我喜欢体育，它很有趣。 3. Ouch! But I don’t like that. 哎哟，但是我不喜欢那个。

高一英语必修一课文原文及译文 必修一 Unit1 Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for

第一套： 九月十五日是老年节，据说是把六十五岁以上的人称之为老人但今天在日本有1550万老人。日本是老人宜居的国度吗。 电车和巴士上都设有老弱病残孕座位，那都是为老年人和身体不好的人专设的，可现在常常坐的都是年轻人和健康的人，而且还有电车拥挤的时候，连站起来让座的人都没有。 据说2000年65岁以上的人达到2100万，到那时即使把电车上的椅子全改成老弱病残孕座位也许也不够用。 如果定义快乐那就是（并不是什么有用的事，但对自己来说，是快乐的事，高兴的事，心情愉快的事），没有任何意义成了重点，我们被强迫遵从大人的旨意，一定要懂得为何而努力占了上风，（1.为考试而学习，2.为健康要摄取那丰富的营养，3.为了收入要工作，4，为了明天要早睡，5，为了获取知道要读书）有目的地去做确定很现实，但如果经常这样考虑的话，真的好累。 或许是因为日本人过度劳累这样的指责在高涨，最近一些日本的公司也设置了一周或十天的假期，利用假期远离都市，游山玩水，出国旅游的人逐年增加。 还有每年的八月，相当于旧历的盂兰盆节，很多人为了扫墓回到家乡，平时远离亲戚和家人的人好像都在期待着盂兰盆节的大聚会，被称之为民族大移动，节日前后，很多城市人一同回乡下，然后再一同返回城市。 这样一来，夏季旅行的人多了列车就混杂，旅馆也爆满，所以为了快乐旅行，有必要事先亲自制定好计划，包括交通工具和住宿地。 第二套： 人们把认为不可能的事渐渐变为可能，比如说翱翔天空，是人类很早以前的梦想，但今天借助于飞机人们比任何鸟类都飞的好。 人们到底是怎么把不可能的事变为可行的呢，我认为这得益于发明和练习，飞机发明以来，实现了飞天的梦想，但我们自己去还不能驾驶飞机，是因为我们没有受到相应的训练，当然也就不能操纵飞机了。 但练习，绝非容易的一件事，它需要不断的努力和忍耐，我们相应地举个游泳的例子就没明白了，讨厌努力和忍耐的人，是不能成功的。 最近自行车运动等环保运动很盛行，为了把我们美丽的地球留给我们的后代，我们到底能做些什么呢。一个是资源的保护，第二就是由于公害造成的环境破坏。也就是我们一般的市民在日常生活中能做的事就是节约有限的资源，以及不破坏大气和水，但那是相当难的事，我们日常生活中的一点点行为都是在破坏环境，可以说现代人的生活正在根本上发生变化，比如说，开车会带来汽油的浪费和大气的污染，聚餐的时候，使用的方便筷子和塑料制品也是在过度地浪费资源。 感谢大家今天能光临现场，这三年来我得到了课长及大家的多多关照，真的谢谢了。 我印象最深的是，刚来计划部的时候，因为资料的错误，使得营业课的田中课长非常生气，一同陪我道歉的中岛课长，以及留下来加班帮我修改资料的井上君，加藤君，在些我一并感谢诸位，经常很严厉的渡边君曾激励我【如果害怕失败，那就不能前进】这句话我至今

Toward a brighter future for all 奔向更加光明的未来 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。”“等一等,”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。”在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在 我办公室的桌子上。 让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇。她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇2把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可

必修1第一单元Reading 阅读 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now r ead how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.…For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne Using Language 语言运用 Reading and listening 读与听 1 Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and predict what Miss Wang will say. After listening, check and discuss her advice. Dear Miss Wang, I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. I’m getting along well with a boy in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other. We have become really good friends. But other students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me angry. I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate other s gossiping. What should I do? Yours, Lisa Reading and writing 读与写 Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong. He is also asking for some advice. Read the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it.